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Biomedical subjects

S Wientroub

Publications and source records attributed to S Wientroub.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Reduction of hematopoietic stem cells and adaptive increase in cell cycle rate in rickets.

The close but complex physiological interactions between osteogenesis and hematopoiesis during differentiation, development, and function are unclear. As vitamin D has a major role in bone metabolism and function, we have investigated the effects of vitamin D deficiency on bone marrow cellular kinetics. Using rats in vitamin D-deficient status in utero as well as in postfetal life, we have investigated changes in hematopoiesis. Total cellularity, colony-forming unit (CFU) content, and the cycled rate were determined from the axial compartment of the femoral marrow. A marked reduction in the CFU content and a corresponding increase in the cycle fraction began at 30 days of age and stabilized by 45 days of age at 4.2 +/- 0.4 CFUs per 1 X 10(5) nucleated cells in the vitamin D-deficient animals as compared with 9.4 +/- 1.6 in the control group. During the same period of time the CFU generation time decreased from 61 +/- 5 h in the normal animals to 24 +/- 6 h in the vitamin D-deficient animals. Administration of either 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)2D3] or 24,25-(OH)2D3 at 45 days of age on a daily basis for 7-14 days failed to correct the defect although the serum calcium and phosphate were corrected. The data indicate that factors influencing the development of bones may affect bone marrow cells as well. Vitamin D metabolites may be needed for normal development and function of marrow-colony-forming cells in utero.

Acclimatization↗
PubMed1981

The development of the normal infantile hip as expressed by radiological measurements.

Acetabular and centre edge angles were measured on normal radiographs of 164 children (328 hips) aged from three months to five years. Using regression and correlation analysis, mathematical formulae were derived which allow the calculation of the normal acetabular and centre edge angles for a given age. The relationship between age, acetabular angle and centre edge angle was studied.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1981

The sagging rope sign in Perthes' disease and allied disorders.

The sagging rope sign is the term used to describe the radiographic appearances which sometimes occur after Perthes' disease. It is severe examples of that disease and indicates damage to the growth plate with a marked metaphysial reaction. The same appearance follows severe epiphysitis after forcible reduction of a congenitally dislocated hip, and certain rare epiphysial dysplasias. The origin and significance of the sign are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

The use of stereophotogrammetry to measure acetabular and femoral anteversion.

Stereoradiography with a base shift of the source of illumination was used to produce pairs of radiographs to be measured by stereophotogrammetric techniques. The direction of shift was parallel with the longitudinal axis of the body, so that each radiograph in the stereopair could be used for other clinical purposes. A base shift of 10 centimetres with a distance of 100 centimetres between the focus and the film gave acceptable value of stereoscopic parallax. The radiographs were measured using a Hilger and Watts medical stereometer. This method was checked with test specimens, namely an osteotomised pelvis in which one acetabulum could be rotated and an osteotomised femur in which the whole upper portion could be rotated against the shaft. Measurements made on the acetabulum and its radiographs showed a correlation coefficient of 0.9838 over the range 0 to 30 degrees of anteversion, with a mean error +2.54 degrees and a standard deviation of +/- 1.52 degrees (n = 21). For the femoral neck, over the range from 10 degrees of retroversion to 80 degrees of anteversion, the correlation coefficient was 0.9979, the mean error +2.46 and the standard deviation +/- 1.48 degrees (n = 30).

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1980

A controlled study of the results of femoral osteotomy in severe Perthes' disease.

We compared 63 hips (Catterall Groups 3 and 4) contained by femoral osteotomy with 85 untreated hips and found that 50.7 per cent of treated patients developed congruous spherical femoral heads in contrast to 14.1 per cent of those untreated. We have also considered certain other features relevant to the outcome. We suggest that the indications should not be modified on the grounds of early age of onset. Relief from weight-bearing does not appear to improve the results of containment. We have assessed the shortening which follows femoral osteotomy and conclude that this is only significant when there is growth disturbance at the capital epiphysis. These changes are at least as frequent in untreated patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Recurrent dislocation of the head of the radius.

Traumatic dislocation of the radius at the elbow may be more common than previously appreciated. It may not be diagnosed, or may belatedly be diagnosed as a congenital dislocation of the radial head. Recurrent dislocation does not seem to have been previously reported in the literature.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The 1226G (N370S) Gaucher mutation among patients with Legg-Calve-Perthes disease.

Legg-Calve-Perthes disease (LCPD) is an avascular necrosis of the femoral head with an annual incidence of 5-15/100,000. The estimated incidence of Gaucher disease, a lysosomal recessive storage disease, is 1:850, with a carrier rate of 1:17.5 for the 1226G (N370S) mutation among Ashkenazi Jews in whom there is a predilection. Since clinical and radiological findings of avascular hip necrosis due to either Gaucher disease or LCPD may be indistinguishable, misdiagnosis may occur. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence of 1226G Gaucher mutation in a cohort of radiologically confirmed LCPD patients (diagnosed 1986-2000) in Israel. Enzyme assay was performed for confirmation of affected versus carrier status in patients with the 1226G mutation. In all, 78 LCPD patients, 86% males, 51% with severe bone disease, were studied. Family history was negative for Gaucher disease. Ethnic origin was 39% Ashkenazi Jewish, 6% Arab, and 55% other ethnicities. One Ashkenazi Jewish LCPD patient was homozygous for the 1226G mutation, and 4 LCPD patients were carriers: 3 Ashkenazi Jewish and 1 Arab patient. The frequency of the 1226G mutation among the LCPD patients was increased relative to historical Ashkenazi Jewish Israeli controls (P = 0.01). Since Gaucher disease may be misdiagnosed as LCPD, glucocerebrosidase enzyme testing is recommended among Ashkenazi Jewish children diagnosed with LCPD.

Clinical Enzyme Tests↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A simple and efficient surgical technique for subungual exostosis.

Subungual exostosis is a benign osteochondral tumor usually involving the distal phalanx of the great toe. The lesion most frequently occurs in the second and third decades of life and is rare before the age of 10 years. There are few reports of its occurrence in children, and most of them advocate partial or complete nail excision to treat this lesion successfully. We report our experience with six children and adolescents using a simple surgical technique that involves approaching the exostosis under the nail to preserve nail coverage. Rapid recovery and excellent cosmetic appearance were achieved immediately after the operation.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An analysis of the results of a modified one-stage posteromedial release (Turco operation) for the treatment of clubfoot.

Between 1971 and 1977, posteromedial release was performed on 47 feet of 30 children 9 months to 4 years of age. At review, full correction of equinus was achieved in 98%, heel varus in 91%, and cavus in 85%, but in only 50% of feet with forefoot adduction. Between 1978 and 1982, surgery was performed on 22 feet of 18 children 3-10 months of age. Recessions of the abductor hallucis and short plantar muscles and fascia were also performed at operation. Correction of equinus, heel varus, and cavus demonstrated results similar to those of the earlier group, but forefoot adduction was also satisfactorily corrected in 91% of feet.

Clubfoot↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Radial head and neck fractures in children.

This report is a review of long-term results of 42 consecutive fractures of the neck of the radius in children. More than half the patients were followed for greater than 4 years. The results were assessed clinically and radiologically at 6 months and at review. Twenty-seven children (64%) had a good result, 2 (5%) had a fair result, and 13 (31%) had a poor result. Primary angulation was the most important factor affecting the results. Periarticular ossification, avascular necrosis, enlargement of the radial head and of the proximal end of the radius were the most important causes of poor results. Unlike other fractures with unpredictable results, more accurate reduction is mandatory to improve the final outcome.

Adolescent↗