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S Westin

Publications and source records attributed to S Westin.

96 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Structural and regulatory analysis of a cytochrome P450 gene (CYP2C12) expressed predominantly in female rat liver.

Cytochrome P450 15 beta is a female-specific gene product that catalyzes the hydroxylation of steroid sulfates at the 15 beta position. Isolation and analysis of the gene for rat P450 15 beta reveals nine coding exons and encompasses more than 35 kb of chromosomal DNA. The intron-exon junctions are at similar positions with the P450 genes of the II family, whose gene structure has been determined. Sequencing of about 2 kb of the 5'-flanking region indicates the presence of the Alu-like R.dre.1 repetitive sequence, a GA-rich stretch that is also found in the 5'-flanking DNA of the male-specific cytochrome P450 16 alpha gene, the enhancer octamer sequence ATGCAAAT, and three CAAAGTT repeats just upstream from the TATA box. Primer extension reveals a major and a minor transcription start site located 22 and 26 bases 5' to the translation initiation codon, respectively. This gene is developmentally regulated and transcriptional activation accounts, at least partly, for the sexually differentiated expression of cytochrome P450 15 beta.

Aging↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Metabolic control in 131 juvenile-onset diabetic patients as measured by HbA1c: relation to age, duration, C-peptide, insulin dose, and one or two insulin injections.

Glycosylated hemoglobin A (HbA1c), considered to reflect long-term metabolic control of diabetes, was analyzed in 131 patients, aged 2 5/12-19 6/12 yr, with juvenile-onset diabetes. Using stepwise multiple regression HbA1c, fasting blood glucose and plasma 3-hydroxybutyrate were analyzed as dependent variables versus independent variables such as age of the patients, duration of the disease, level of plasma immunoreactive C-peptide (IRCP), insulin dose, and number of insulin injections (one or two) per day. HbA1c was inversely related only to IRCP concentration. A low but significant, positive correlation was found between HbA1c and the duration of diabetes. Stepwise addition of the other independent variables did not further increase the fraction of explained variance. HbA1c was also correlated with a subjective rating score of the metabolic control performed by the treating physician. Fasting plasma glucose was significantly related to HbA1c but not to any of the independent variables. Fasting 3-hydroxybutyrate showed an inverse correlation to the age of the patient. The present study showed that in juvenile-onset diabetic patients, endogenous insulin secretion as reflected by IRCP was the factor best correlated with a low level of HbA1c. After the cessation of endogenous insulin secretion, there is a progressive deterioration of metabolic control and multiple injections of insulin rather than one or two per day may be needed to reach optimal control in the patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Training for general practice: a look to Norway.

In the 1960s general practitioners were a dying race in Norway. Today general practice is a highly approved specialty among doctors as well as patients. Better education is one of the revitalizing factors. General practice is currently taught as a mandatory subject at all four universities in Norway. The practice apprenticeship is the essential element in our undergraduate curricula. In their fifth year, the students spend three to eight weeks in a structured training program supervised by general practice faculty. Approximately 500 general practitioners take part in this decentralized training network. In 1985 general practice was recognized as a specialty in Norway. The obligatory requirements in the five-year educational program are: -courses, 400 hours -hospital training, one year -general practice training, four years -group-based training program, two years The last element is based on a decentralized concept where a group of two to 10 trainees meet for three hours every two weeks during a two-year period. The group is headed by an appointed and qualified trainer. Besides being in accordance with the geography and demography of Norway, this model gives substance to the slogan "general practice can only be learnt in general practice."

Curriculum↗