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Biomedical subjects

S Watkins

Publications and source records attributed to S Watkins.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

The mast cell: distribution and maturation in the peritoneal cavity of the adult rat.

In the peritoneal cavity of the adult rat mast cells at the four stages of progressive maturation (and corresponding increase of sulphation of granules) are best demonstrated in free peritoneal fluid. Of the 0.1-0.2x10(6) cells in the free fluid, 26% are at stage 1 of maturation (all granules are stained by Alcian blue). 24% at stage 2 (majority of granules are stained by Alcian blue, minority by safranin), 20% at stage 3 (majority of granules are safranin-positive), and 30% at stage 4 (all granules are safranin-positive). Peritoneal washings yield a mean of about 1.3-1.8x10(6) mast cells of which 16% are at stage 1, 24% at stage 2, 34% at stage 3 and 26% at stage 4. The greater number recovered by washing, compared with the number in free peritoneal fluid, suggests that a substantial number of mast cells lie on the surface of the peritoneal membranes.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1968

The epilepsies.

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Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ethnogenomic diversity of Caucasus, Daghestan.

Autosomal short-tandem repeats (STRs) were typed in ethnic populations of Kubachians, Dargins, Avars, Lezgins, Kumiks, and Nogais of the Caucasus (Daghestan, Russia) at the University of Utah. Daghestan ethnic populations demonstrated differences in STR allele frequency distributions, but these differences were much lower among these ethnic groups compared to worldwide ethnic groups. The observed genetic diversity was low while F(ST) values were high, both of which provided supporting evidence for small population sizes and high levels of isolation among the ethnic groups. An analysis of genetic distance from the three major continents, encompassing Daghestan populations and groups, reveals three distinct clusters: all populations of African affiliation, European and Daghestan populations except the Nogais, and Asian populations with ethnic Nogais.

Dagestan↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Immune response against 3LL Lewis lung carcinoma potentiates the therapeutic efficacy of endostatin.

The ability of the antitumor immune response to potentiate the therapeutic efficacy of the antiangiogenic agent endostatin was investigated. The antitumor effects of endostatin were tested against weakly immunogenic 3LL Lewis lung carcinoma and its highly immunogenic variant 3LL-C75. Using in vivo Matrigel assay, it was found that the recombinant endostatin produced in the authors' laboratory has a potent antiangiogenic effect. Endostatin manifested a more potent antitumor effect against highly immunogenic 3LL-C75 than weakly immunogenic 3LL tumor. Endostatin induced regression of immunogenic 3LL-C75 tumor in 40% of C57BL/6 mice, whereas partial inhibition and no regression were found in mice bearing weakly immunogenic 3LL tumor. 3LL and 3LL-C75 cells produced similar amounts of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, and immunohistochemical analysis revealed that endostatin treatment reduced microvessel density in both 3LL and 3LL-C75 tumors. However, infiltration of T lymphocytes was observed in 3LL-C75 but not in 3LL tumors. These results suggest that the host's immune response may potentiate the antitumor effects of antiangiogenic agents. This possibility was further supported by findings that the antitumor activity of endostatin against 3LL-C75 tumor was lower in immunodeficient than in immunocompetent mice. Stimulation of immune response against 3LL tumor by vaccination with highly immunogenic 3LL-C75 cells substantially increased the antitumor effect of endostatain, resulting in a complete and permanent regression of 3LL tumor in 50% of mice. Tumor vaccination or endostatin treatment applied separately inhibited but did not induce regression of 3LL tumor. These results suggest that the combined attack against tumor cells and the tumor vascular system using antitumor immune mechanisms and antiangiogenic drugs can be a promising strategy for cancer treatment.

Angiogenesis Inhibitors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Safety and efficacy of chronic stimulation.

It is our conclusion that chronic cerebellar stimulation is both efficacious and safe as a therapeutic measure for selected neurological disease. Improvements in patient selection, with patients chosen who are not as incapacitated as those of our first group, showed make this even more apparent. In order to be certain that calibration of the present stimulating equipment is accurate, each such apparatus should be calibrated by the group treating the patient. We no make this a routine aspect of our follow-up re-examinations.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Safety and efficacy of chronic cerebellar stimulation.

It is our conclusion that CCS is both efficacious and safe as a therapeutic measure for neurologic disease. As indications become more concise and patients can be chosen who are not as incapacitated as those in our first group, this should become even more apparent. In order to be certain that calibration of the stimulating equipment is accurate each apparatus should be calibrated by the group treating the patient. We are now making this a routine aspect of our follow-up recheck examinations.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Prophylactic treatment of mood disorders: cost effectiveness analysis comparing lithium and carbamazepine].

Economic impact of lithium therapy has seldom been assessed, economic comparisons with alternative mood stabilizers are almost non existent. This economic evaluation of preventive treatment of mood disorders recurrences (whether unipolar or bipolar) compared lithium with carbamazepine, through data from a randomized controlled clinical trial. A retrospective analysis of medical files of index patients is included in this trial, with experts' global ratings. A brief survey checked for representativity of in-patients length of stay. The model compared two cohorts of patients followed-up for two years after prophylactic treatment had begun. Rates of recurrence and direct medical costs related to mood disorders (prophylactic treatment, treatment of recurrences and serious adverse effects) were assessed. Data extrapolation was necessary because of variable lengths of follow-up during the trial and was based on medical review of index patients. Assessment of consumed health care resources were derived from the available database of the clinical trial, when necessary practice guidelines and experts' opinions were added to the model. Costs were valued according to available french unit costs (Vidal, NGAP, and Comptes de la santé). Analysis only included direct costs. An estimate of mean cost of care of 15,404 French francs per year per patient was calculated. The components of health costs show that in-patient costs are the most important part of annual medical costs for mood disorders (70% of the total costs). Prophylactic medication costs accounted for only 6.9% of total costs. Comparison of prophylactic alternatives gave lithium a clinical benefit with 27% fewer recurrences than carbamazepine. Lithium led to an economic benefit of 4,280 French francs per year of treatment for a single patient. Robustness of this finding was assessed through a sensitivity analysis on estimate of length of stay. Total costs of treatment would be equal between lithium and carbamazepine if length of stay in hospital for lithium patients was increased by 51%. According to the cost-effectiveness analysis developed in this study, lithium should stay the "gold standard" of prophylactic treatment of recurrent mood disorders, and has both clinical and economic advantages compared to carbamazepine.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Joint venture.

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Hospital Units↗