Phytoestrogens and prostate disease.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
S Watanabe
Publications and source records attributed to S Watanabe.
Dietary intakes of flavonols, flavones and isoflavones by Japanese women and the inverse correlation between quercetin intake and plasma LDL cholesterol concentration.
The intake of flavonols, flavones and isoflavones by Japanese women was calculated from our food-phytochemical composition table. The relationship between intake of these phytochemicals and various anthropometric and blood chemistry data was analyzed in a cross-sectional study. The subjects were 115 women volunteers, aged 29-78 y, living in the northern part of Japan. Each subject completed a 3-d dietary record and received a health check up, including urine and blood sampling for biochemical analysis. Total mean intakes of flavonoids (sum of flavonols and flavones) and isoflavones were 16.7 and 47.2 mg/d, respectively. The major source of flavonoids was onions (45.9%) and that of isoflavones was tofu (37.0%). Total intake of isoflavones exceeded that of other dietary antioxidants, such as flavonoids, carotenoids (3.5 mg/d) and vitamin E (8.2 mg/d), and was approximately one half of the vitamin C intake (109 mg/d). The total intake of flavonoids was inversely correlated with the plasma total cholesterol concentration (TC) (r = -0.236, P: < 0.05) and plasma LDL cholesterol concentration (LDL-C) (r = -0.220, P: < 0.05), after the adjustment for age, body mass index and total energy intake. As a single component, quercetin was inversely correlated with both TC (r = -0.261, P: < 0.01) and LDL-C (r = -0. 263, P: < 0.01). Among Japanese, flavonoid and isoflavone intake is the main component among nonnutrient phytochemicals with antioxidant potential in the diet. These results suggest that a high consumption of both flavonoids and isoflavones by Japanese women may contribute to their low incidence of coronary heart disease compared with women in other countries.
Adult↗
Effect of human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (hGM-CSF) on lymphoid and myeloid differentiation of sorted hematopoietic stem cells from hGM-CSF receptor gene transgenic mice.
Bone marrow lineage-negative (Lin(-)) c-Kit(+) Sca-1(+) hematopoietic cells from human GM-CSF receptor gene transgenic mice were cultured on established bone marrow stromal cell (TBR59) layers and on semisolid medium. In the semisolid assay, an increasing number of larger colonies were observed in the presence of hGM-CSF. By coculture with the stromal cells, cobblestones containing myeloid and lymphoid lineages of cells were formed from the stem cell enriched fraction, and addition of hGM-CSF strongly stimulated formation of the cobblestones containing both lineages. Repeating passages of the cobblestones on TBR59 stromal cells in the presence of hGM-CSF gradually decreased cobblestone formation and inversely increased macrophages and granulocytes, while mast cells were generated when the cells derived from the semisolid assay were cultured in a liquid medium containing hGM-CSF. These results consistently suggest that cytokines such as GM-CSF may costimulate the immature hematopoietic cells at their stroma-dependent phase before lineage commitment, and after commitment that occurs by an intrinsic program of the cells, they may stimulate maintenance and maturation of progenitor cells.
Animals↗
Membrane enzyme systems responsible for the Ca(2+)-dependent phosphorylation of Ser(27), the independent phosphorylation of Tyr(10) and Tyr(7), and the dephosphorylation of these phosphorylated residues in the alpha-chain of H/K-ATPase.
H/K-ATPase preparations (the G1 membrane) from pig stomach contain both kinases and phosphatases and show reversible phosphorylation of Tyr(7), Tyr(10), and Ser(27) residues of the alpha-chain of H/K-ATPase. The Tyr-kinase is sensitive to genistein and quercetin and recognized by anti-c-Src antibody. The Ser-kinase is dependent on Ca(2)(+) (K(0.5) = 0.9 microM), sensitive to a PKC inhibitor, and recognized by antibodies against PKCalpha and PKCbetaII. The addition of 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propane-sulfonic acid (CHAPS) caused a dramatic increase in the phosphorylation of added synthetic copolymer substrates and permitted the phosphorylation of maltose-binding proteins fused with the N-terminal domain of alpha-chains. The phosphotyrosine phosphatase was inhibited by vanadate. The phosphoserine phosphatase was inhibited by okadaic acid and by inhibitor-2. The presence of protein phosphatase-1 was immunologically detected. Column chromatographic separation of CHAPS-solubilized G1 membrane and others indicate the apparent molecular weight of the Src-kinase to be approximately 60 kDa, the PKCalpha and/or PKCbII to be approximately 80 kDa, the Tyr-phosphatase to be 200 kDa, and PP-1 to be approximately 35 kDa. These data show that these membrane-bound enzyme systems are in sufficiently close proximity to be responsible for reversible phosphorylation of Tyr(7), Tyr(10), and Ser(27) of the catalytic subunit of membrane H/K-ATPase in parietal cells, the physiological role of which is unknown.
Animals↗
A phase II study of combined chemoradiotherapy for limited disease-small-cell lung cancer.
A study to evaluate the efficacy of cisplatin, doxorubicin, and etoposide chemotherapy with combined radiotherapy was undertaken in 26 patients with limited disease-small-cell lung cancer. Patients were treated with cisplatin (80 mg/m2) intravenously (i.v.) on day 1, doxorubicin (30 mg/m2) i.v. on day 1, and etoposide (80 mg/m2) i.v. on days 1, 3, and 5, every 4 weeks for four cycles. Thoracic irradiation of 40 Gy in 20 fractions was delivered during 4 weeks to the primary site starting on day 8 of the second cycle of chemotherapy. The objective response rate was 100%. A complete response was observed in 10 patients (38%). The median survival time was 23 months, and the 3-year survival rate was 42%. Seven patients (27%) continued to survive at least 8 years and remain free from disease. Grade III/IV leukopenia was observed in 25 patients (96%). Grade III/IV thrombocytopenia developed in 19 patients (73%). Grade III/IV esophagitis was not seen. Interstitial pneumonitis occurred in two patients. This regimen is effective and has acceptable toxicity for use in the treatment of limited disease-small-cell lung cancer.
Aged↗
Sequential changes of arterial oxygen tension in the supine position during one-lung ventilation.
UNLABELLED: To investigate how surgical positions affect the severity and progress of hypoxemia during one-lung ventilation (OLV), we studied 33 adult patients undergoing right thoracotomy with left OLV. The patients were divided into three groups according to the positions during surgery as follows: the supine position (SP) group (n = 11), the left semilateral decubitus position (LSD) group (n = 9), and the left lateral decubitus position (LLD) group (n = 13). Analysis of arterial blood gases was sequentially determined every 5 min for 30 min during OLV (fractional ratio of inspiratory oxygen = 1.0) in each position. OLV was promptly terminated and switched to bi-lung ventilation if Spo2 declined to 90%. Pao2 progressively decreased with time in all three groups (P < 0.01). The incidence of termination of OLV within 30 min was higher in the SP group (82%), compared with that in the LSD (11%) and LLD (8%) groups (P < 0.01). Final Pao2 (65+/-12 mm Hg, mean +/- SD, P < 0.01 versus LLD, P < 0.05 versus LSD) and SaO2 (91%+/-4%, P < 0.01 versus LLD and LSD) at the termination of OLV in the SP group were the lowest. There was no difference between these values in the LSD and LLD groups (128+/-54 mm Hg, 96%+/-2%, and 167+/-69 mm Hg, 97%+/-4%, respectively) 30 min after the start of OLV. The time for Pao2 to decrease to 200 mm Hg calculated from each regression curve was 354 s in the SP group, 583 s in the LSD group, and 798 s in the LLD group. The time for Pao2 to decline to 100 mm Hg was 794 s in the SP group. In the regression curves of the LSD and LLD groups, the Pao2 did not decrease to 100 mm Hg. Heart rate was slow at baseline in the SP group (P < 0.05 versus LSD), but other hemodynamic variables did not differ among the three groups throughout this study. The LSD was as effective as the LLD in avoiding life-threatening hypoxemia during OLV. IMPLICATIONS: Close observation and prompt counteractions including termination of one-lung ventilation (OLV) are crucial for patients under OLV in the supine position, because life-threatening hypoxemia frequently occurs approximately 10 min after starting OLV, even under 100% oxygen inhalation. The left semilateral decubitus position was as effective as the left lateral decubitus position in avoiding life-threatening hypoxemia during OLV.
Blood Gas Analysis↗
Segmental cervical spine movement with the intubating laryngeal mask during manual in-line stabilization in patients with cervical pathology undergoing cervical spine surgery.
UNLABELLED: We quantified the extent and distribution of segmental cervical movement produced by the intubating laryngeal mask (ILM) during manual in-line stabilization in 20 anesthetized patients with cervical pathology undergoing cervical spine surgery. All patients had neurological symptoms preoperatively. The ILM was inserted with the head and neck in the neutral position. Intubation was facilitated by transillumination of the neck with a lightwand. Cervical movement was recorded with single-frame lateral radiographic images taken 1) immediately before induction (baseline); 2) during ILM insertion (insertion); 3) when transillumination was first seen at the cricothyroid membrane (intubation A); 4) when the tube was being advanced into the trachea (intubation B); and 5) during ILM removal (removal). Radiographic images were digitized and the degree of flexion/extension and posterior movement measured for the occiput (C0) through to C5. During ILM insertion, C0-5 were flexed by an average of 1-1.6 degrees (all P < 0.05). During intubation A/B, C0-4 were flexed by an average of 1.4-3.0 degrees (all P < 0.01), but C5 was unchanged. During ILM removal, C0-3 were flexed by an average of 1 degree (all: P < 0.05), but C3-5 were unchanged. During insertion and intubation A/B, C2-5 were displaced posteriorly by an average of 0.5-1.0 mm (all: P < 0.05). During removal, there was no change at C1-5. Neurological symptoms improved in all patients. We conclude that the ILM produces segmental movement of the cervical spine despite manual in-line stabilization in patients with cervical spine pathology undergoing cervical spine surgery. This motion is in the opposite direction to direct laryngoscopy, suggesting that different approaches to airway management may be more appropriate depending on the nature of the cervical instability. IMPLICATIONS: The intubating laryngeal mask produces segmental movement of the cervical spine, despite manual in-line stabilization in patients with cervical spine pathology undergoing cervical spine surgery. This motion is in the opposite direction to direct laryngoscopy, suggesting that different approaches to airway management may be more appropriate depending on the nature of the cervical instability.
Aged↗
Pain-Related somatosensory evoked potentials.
The authors reviewed basic and clinical reports of pain-related somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP) after high-intensity electrical stimulation [pain SSEP(E)] and painful laser stimulation [pain SSEP(L)]. The conduction velocity of peripheral nerves for both pain SSEP(E) and pain SSEP(L) is approximately 10 to 15 m/second, in a range of Adelta fibers. The generator sources are considered to be the secondary somatosensory cortex and insula, and the limbic system, including the cingulate cortex, amygdala, or hippocampus of the bilateral hemispheres. The latencies and amplitudes are clearly affected by vigilance, attention-distraction, and various kinds of stimulation applied simultaneously with pain. Abnormalities of pain SSEP(L) reflect an impairment of pain-temperature sensation, probably relating to dysfunction of A5 fibers of the peripheral nerve and spinothalamic tract. In contrast, conventional SSEP after nonpainful electrical stimulation reflects an impairment of tactile, vibratory, and deep sensation, probably relating to dysfunction of Aalpha or Abeta fibers of the peripheral nerve and dorsal column. Therefore, combining the study of pain SSEP(L) and conventional SSEP is useful to detect physiologic abnormalities, and sometimes subclinical abnormalities, of patients with peripheral and central nervous system lesions.
Afferent Pathways↗
Decrease of regional cerebral blood flow in liver cirrhosis.
OBJECTIVE: Alterations of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in subjects with liver cirrhosis have not been fully evaluated. We evaluated quantitative changes in rCBF using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). METHODS: Twenty-eight Japanese patients with liver cirrhosis were enrolled in this study. None of them exhibited advanced hepatic encephalopathy at the time of examination. The cause of liver cirrhosis was viral infection in 26 patients; the cause was unknown in two patients. Child-Pugh classification of the patients was as follows: Group A, 12 patients; Group B, 12 patients; and Group C, four patients. The control group consisted of 25 age-matched healthy subjects. Radionuclide angiography was performed by rapid injection of Tc-99m ethyl cysteinate dimer (ECD) (740 MBq) via the right cubital vein, and then SPECT brain images were taken. Using the Patlak graphical method, rCBF values (ml/100 g per min) were calculated in the frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital lobes and cerebellum on SPECT images. RESULTS: The rCBF values were lower in cirrhotic patients than in controls, i.e. by 15% in the frontal lobe, by 12% in the parietal lobe, by 10% in the temporal and occipital lobes, and by 7% in the cerebellum. They decreased concomitantly with the severity of liver disease. A significant negative correlation was noted between rCBF values and Child-Pugh score in the frontal (P<0.01), parietal (P<0.05) and occipital lobes (P<0.01). rCBF values of each region were not correlated with age or with results of neuropsychological test. The degree of association between rCBF values and results of laboratory examination was generally poor. CONCLUSION: Patients with liver cirrhosis without advanced encephalopathy showed widespread reduction in rCBF; this reduction was particularly evident in the frontal lobe. Tc-99m ECD SPECT may be useful for evaluating cerebral functional changes in patients with liver cirrhosis.
Brain↗
A case of black dot ringworm with a review of Japanese cases.
Black dot ringworm (BDR), caused by Trichophyton violaceum var. glabrum (T. glabrum), was observed in a 28-year-old Japanese female who had been treated with prednisolone (22.5 mg/day) for systemic lupus erythematosus. It was successfully treated with oral terbinafine (125 mg/day) for 12 weeks. The causative fungus was identified by molecular analysis as well as morphological and biochemical examination. The chitin synthase 1 (CHS1) gene cleavage pattern of the clinical isolate with restricted enzyme HinfI was identical to that of T. violaceum. We reviewed previous reports of BDR to determine the historical trend of this infection in Japan. Since 1974, 93 Japanese cases have been reported. The age distribution was bi-modal: the higher peak consisted of children (aged 0-15 years), and the lower peak was composed of the elderly (aged 60-75 years). In the elderly group, females were predominant (M:F=1:22, p<0.001). T. violaceum, including T. glabrum, was identified as the most common causative fungus of BDR (75.3%). Sixty percent of cases showed slight erythema. In 8 families, 16 cases were found to be intrafamilial infections. A history of previous steroid treatment was described in about 40%.
Adult↗
Characterization of the cyclophilin of Trichophyton mentagrophytes.
A genetic approach to cyclophilins in a dermatophyte, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, was carried out. The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the cyclophilin of T. mentagrophytes shared about 70% sequence similarity with those of Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans. However, the first 21 amino acid and the C-terminal amino acid regions of 188 to 226 of the T. mentagrophytes cyclophilin were distinct from those of the other fungal cyclophilins. The recombinant glutathione S-transferase (GST)-T. mentagrophytes cyclophilin fusion protein produced by Escherichia coli was purified. The protease digest of the fusion protein had a molecular weight of about 13 kDa and peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPI) activity. This digest protein from T. mentagrophytes was confirmed to be cyclophilin by proving PPI activity.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Detection of Microsporum canis in the skin scrapings and hairs of dogs with dermatophytosis based on sequences of the chitin synthase 1 gene.
In the present study, to confirm Microsporum canis infection rapidly, we detected the chitin synthase gene 1 (CHS1) gene of M. canis in the hair and skin samples of four dogs with dermatophytosis. Amplification of the DNAs in the four samples with CHS1 primers yielded fragments of about 620-bp. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the CHS1 gene fragments from samples and a reference strain of M. canis gene showed more than 99% similarity. The method presented in this study can rapidly detect the DNA of M. canis in skin scrapings, and we anticipate that it will be a useful microbiological tool for the diagnosis of M. canis infections in animals and humans.
Animals↗
Predictors for functional decline among nondisabled older Japanese living in a community during a 3-year follow-up.
OBJECTIVES: To examine predictors for functional decline in basic activities of daily living (BADL) as well as predictors for decline in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) among nondisabled older Japanese people living in a community during a 3-year interval from 1992 to 1995. DESIGN: A prospective cohort study. SETTING: A community-based environment. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 583 men and women aged 65 to 89 at baseline who were independent in both BADL and IADL. MEASUREMENTS: Independent variables regarding various factors potentially associated with functional decline were obtained from an interview survey and medical examinations at baseline. Dependent variables were functional status in BADL and IADL obtained at the time of the 3-year follow-up. RESULTS: During the 3-year follow-up, significant predictors for functional decline in BADL and only IADL decline included (1) age of > or = 75, (2) less hand-grip strength, and (3) a history of hospitalization during the past 1 year. In addition, having poor intellectual activities and having poor social roles were identified as significant predictors for functional decline in only IADL during the 3-year follow-up. Furthermore, not having the habit of taking a walk was identified as a significant predictor of functional decline in BADL during the 3-year interval. CONCLUSION: Having a high level hand-grip strength, good intellectual activities, and good social roles are strongly associated with remaining independence in IADL for the nondisabled Japanese persons aged > or = 65.
Activities of Daily Living↗
[Clinical evaluation of rapid diagnostic kit detecting separately influenza A and B viruses].
The Directigen Flu A + B kit, a rapid diagnostic device for influenza virus A and B was evaluated. The nasopharyngeal aspirates were obtained from 239 patients who visited our hospital, between January and March, 2000, presenting flu-like symptoms. Influenza virus AH1: 77 and AH3: 51 were isolated from 128 specimens and none from 111 specimens. Directigen Flu A + B showed 115 specimens positive and 106 specimens negative. The sensitivity and specificity of this kit were 89.8% (115/128) and 95.5% (106/111) compared with viral isolation. Agreement on positive and negative interpretations between Direction Flu A and this kit was 97.9% (234/239). In the evaluation of this kit for influenza B virus, 60 frozen nasopharyngeal aspirates collected from February to April, 1999 were used. The sensitivity and specificity of this kit were 88.9% (16/18) and 88.1% (37/42) compared with viral isolation. Agreement on positive and negative interpretations between FLU OIA and this kit was 91.7% (55/60). The Directigen A + B demonstrated sensitivity and specificity equivalent to the conventional kits in nasopharingeal aspirates. This kit can also differentiate influenza A and B viruses, a feature which is useful for treatment using anti-viral agents such as amantadine and neuraminidase inhibitor. To date, the kit is the most effective tool for the rapid diagnosis of influenza.
Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
[Sensitivity and specificity of rapid diagnosis kit detecting separately influenza A and B viruses].
Sensitivity and specificity of the Directigen Flu A + B kit, a rapid test for influenza virus A and B, were evaluated. This test detects influenza A and B viruses separately by EIA. Reactivity of the kit was tested using a total of 23 isolates: 13 isolates of human influenza virus A (H1N1, H3N2) and 10 isolates of human influenza virus B. All of the isolates were tested positive and no difference in reactivity was found in antigenic variables and subtypes. The kit was only reactive to influenza virus A and B, not reactive to other viruses. Typical influenza A and B strains were tested for detection limit. 7.8 x 10(3) pfu/ml was a detection limit for influenza virus A (H1N1: Beijing/262/95), 4.7 x 10(4) pfu/ml for influenza virus A (H3N2: Kitakyusyu/159/93), and 3.1 x 10(4) pfu/ml for influenza virus B (Guangdong/05/94). The Directigen Flu A + B kit was a easy-to-use, rapid detection device and the kit has sensitivity and specificity equivalent to other diagnostic devices, suggesting the kit are useful in medical institutions.
Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
[Evaluation of the rapid detection test for influenza A and B viruses using neuraminidase activity].
The ZstatFlu test (ZymeTx, USA) is a rapid detection kit for influenza A and B viruses. This test is based upon the reaction between viral neuraminidase from influenza viruses and a chromogenic substrate. The clinical performance of the ZstatFlu test was determined by comparison with viral isolation in cell culture. A total of 176 respiratory specimens from 172 pediatric patients with influenza like illnesses during the 1998/99 season were tested. Influenza viruses were recovered from 97 specimens (type A: 6, type B: 91) in cell culture. ZstatFlu demonstrated 67.4% sensitivity (29/43) and 62.7% specificity (37/59) for throat swabs. Of the 22 ZstatFlu-positive, culture-negative throat swabs tested by RT-PCR, 18 were positive by RT-PCR. ZstatFlu showed 48.1% sensitivity (26/54) and 90.0% specificity (18/20) for nasopharyngeal aspirates. Of the two ZstatFlu-positive, culture-negative nasopharyngeal aspirates tested by HI titer of paired sera, one showed a 4-fold increase of HI titer. Nasopharyngeal aspirates therefore showed lower sensitivity than throat swabs at this test, different from EIA test kits such as Directigen FluA or FLU OIA. Overall, only 5 specimens were false positive by the ZstatFlu test. Therefore, this test demonstrated high specificity and positive predictive value. In conclusion, the ZstatFlu test is useful for the rapid detection of influenza A and B viruses to identify patients who need antiviral treatment.
Adolescent↗
[A case report of lung abscess caused by Capnocytophaga gingivalis infection].
A 48-year-old male was admitted to our hospital because of fever, cough and of loss appetite. Chest X-P revealed an abnormal shadow in the left upper lobe. Bronchoscopy was performed and Capnocytophaga gingivalis was cultured from the bronchial lavage and bronchial curreting fluid. Ceftizoxime sodium and Clindamycin phosphate was administered intravenously. He was discharged after 30 days. He did not have any immunosuppressive underlying disease including HIV infection and diabetes mellitus which cause these lesions.
Capnocytophaga↗
[Investigation of a new HIV-1 p24 antigen detection kit based on the enzyme-linked fluorescent immunoassay].
We investigated the performance of the new p24 antigen detection kit (VIDAS HIV p24) with the conventional antigen kit (HIV-1 Ag monoclonal; Abbott). The new kit is an enzyme-linked fluorescent immunoassay (ELFA) and all of the assay steps are performed automatically by the VIDAS instrument within 100 minutes. With the seven HIV-1 seroconversion panels, three seroconversions were detected on an average of 6.8 days earlier with ELFA than the conventional EIA kit. ELFA showed negative results for all of the 11 false positive samples by the combined (p24, anti-HIV) detection kit (VIDAS HIV DUO). The results obtained suggest that ELFA are very useful for an earlier diagnosis of HIV infection and re-test for false positive samples by other HIV diagnosis kits.
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay↗