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Biomedical subjects

S Washburn

Publications and source records attributed to S Washburn.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Alcoholism, Alcoholics Anonymous attendance, and outcome in a prison system.

The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between attendance at meetings of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and follow-up status in a sample of prison inmates. Subjects (N = 102) were administered three self-report measures of alcoholism: the MAST, CAGE, and Rosett Quantity-Frequency tests. AA attendance during incarceration was recorded. One-year follow-up status, ranging from transfer to a more secure facility to discharge from the prison system, was used as an outcome indicator. ResuLts revealed that 56% of the subjects met the criteria for alcoholism on at least one measure, and that scores on the alcoholism measures were significantly correlated with AA attendance. Thus, the most severe alcoholics were the best AA attenders. The hypothesis that greater AA attendance would predict follow-up outcome was not confirmed. However, the extent of drinking reported prior to admission (average alcohol quantity per week) was related to security status at 1-year follow-up. The greater the drinking quantity, the more likely the inmate was to be in a more secure facility. Possible explanations for the findings and the need for a longer follow-up period are discussed.

Alcoholics Anonymous↗
PubMed1986

Achilles tendon rupture. A review of the literature comparing surgical versus nonsurgical treatment.

Rupture of the Achilles tendon is being reported more frequently. Results published in the literature in the past 25 years were reviewed to determine the overall outcome comparing surgical with nonsurgical treatment and to identify areas needing further study. The rerupture rate for surgically treated patients was 12/777 or 1.54%, while that for nonsurgically treated patients was 40/226 or 17.7%. The complication rate for surgical treatment was 155/775 or 20.0%, while the nonsurgical rate was 2/20 or 10%. Most complications did not affect the eventual outcome. Time lost from work averaged 13 weeks for surgically treated patients and nine weeks for nonsurgically treated patients. Results of tests for functional recovery after treatment were slightly better for surgically treated patients and were worse for patients with reruptures treated nonsurgically. No study tested strength at a specified joint angle; this constitutes a major flaw in strength-testing studies, because strength is related to the functional joint position. The difference in cost between surgical and nonsurgical treatment, including the cost of rerupture treatment, may not be significant.

Absenteeism↗