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Biomedical subjects

S Walter

Publications and source records attributed to S Walter.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Urinary incontinence and genital prolapse: a prospective blind study of the value of urodynamic evaluation.

The value of urodynamic examination was studied in 44 women treated for genital prolapse and/or urinary incontinence. A preoperative urodynamic examination was done but not considered in the planning of the operations. The treatment performed after clinical examination was identical to that proposed after urodynamic evaluation in 20 of 34 incontinent patients (59 per cent), while the treatments differed in 14 (41 per cent). The results were considerably better 6 months postoperatively in the former than in the latter patients. Of the 44 patients 11 (25 per cent) had detrusor instability, which resolved 6 months postoperatively in 4 and the symptoms had vanished or decreased in 6.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Urinary incontinence in old age. A controlled clinical trial of emepronium bromide.

The effect of the anticholinergic agent, emepronium bromide (Cetiprin), was studied in a double blind crossover study of a group of elderly patients with urinary incontinence and uninhibited bladder contractions during cystometry. There was no statistically significant difference between the subjective effect of emepronium bromide and that of placebo, and no change in the cystometric parameters. The overall subjective cure or improvement rate was 79%. The effect of anticholinergic drugs in the treatment of urinary incontinence in elderly patients with uninhibited bladder contractions might to some extent be due to an improvement in the patients' understanding and acceptance of the bladder disorders.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Urodynamic evaluation after vaginal repair and colposuspension.

Eighty-six consecutive patients with urinary incontinence and/or genital prolapse were evaluated by urodynamic examination and colpo-cysto-urethrography before and after vaginal repair or colposuspension procedures. None of the patients had had a previous operation for genital or lower urinary tract disorders. The follow-up period exceeded one year. In the vaginal repair group there was a significant decrease in opening time and an increase in pre-micturition pressure and maximum flow rate. In the colposuspension group there was an increase in pre-micturition pressure, opening pressure, mean micturition pressure, post-micturition pressure, flow time and pressure time and a decrease in maximum flow and mean flow. Vaginal repair appears to reduce urethral resistance, while colposuspension tends to increase outflow resistance. Colposuspension should be avoided in patients with poor or absent detrusor function.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Urinary incontinence and genital prolapse in the female: clinical, urodynamic and radiological examinations.

Clinical examination, cystometry, combined pressure-flow studies and colpocysto-urethrography were used to investigate 369 consecutive patients referred with symptoms of genital prolapse or urinary incontinence. The incidence of urinary incontinence in women seeking hospital investigation and therapy was 240/100 000 women per year. Three hundred and three complained of urinary incontinence, 21% of these had urge incontinence, 36% both urge and stress incontinence and 43% stress incontinence. There was no correlation between previous obstetric history and present symptoms, the severity and objective signs of incontinence or the urodynamic findings. Correlation was found between urge incontinence and the cystometric finding of overactive detrusor function. Stress incontinence as a symptom was well correlated with low-pressure micturition. Pelvic examination did not differentiate between patients with different types of urinary incontinence. Cystometry was essential for the investigation of vesical dysfunction. Urodynamic studies and colpocysto-urethrography were useful in the diagnosis of outlet disorders and suspension defects.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Basophil degranulation induced by cigarette smoking in man.

There is some evidence that histamine could be a mediator of the immediate broncho-constriction that follows cigarette smoking. Since the chief reservoir of histamine in normal human blood is the basophil, we studied the acute effects of cigarette smoking on these cells. Capillary blood samples were obtained from 27 healthy young male smokers, before and 10 minutes after smoking. Basophils were collected and concentrated from these samples by a millipore membrane filter technique, stained with toluidine blue, and classified according to the staining characteristics and location of their cytoplasmic granules. This classification differentiated the "intact" from the "degranulated" basophils. A significant increase in degranulated cells and decrease in intact cells (p less than 0.001) was observed after smoking. Since histamine is present in the basophil granules, these findings suggest that cigarette smoking causes histamine release.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Mast cell density in isolated monkey lungs on exposure to cigarette smoke.

The density and percentage of degranulated cells of the mast cell population were studied in the isolated lungs of 25 monkeys (Macaca radiata radiata) before and after acute exposure to cigarette smoke. In each animal one lung was used as the test lung while the other lung was used as its control. In the control lungs the total mean mast cell count was 9.5/mm2 and the proportion of degranulated cells was 9.7%. In the lungs exposed to smoke the total counts were lower (7.3/mm2) and the percentage of degranulated cells higher (15.8%). These differences were statistically significant (p less than 0.01) and show that after acute exposure to cigarette smoke there is a degranulation of lung mast cells. Since degranulation is accompanied by local release of histamine, which could act on the smooth muscle of the airways, it is suggested that this may be a mechanism by which smoking-induced acute bronchoconstriction is mediated.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Seasonal variation in depressive disorders and suicidal deaths in New South Wales.

Month of admission data to psychiatric facilities in New South Wales, 1971-76, were examined for some 23,000 patients with a depressive disorder to determine if seasonal variations in admissions, described in the northern hemisphere, exist there. In addition, data were examined on month of occurrence of some 3,000 deaths due to suicide and self-inflicted injury, over the same period. Seasonality was demonstrated for three 'psychotic' depressive disorders, but not found for neurotic depression, further supporting the binary view of depression. A peak incidence in spring was found for MDP-mania and reactive depressive psychosis, while the peak incidence for MDP-depression was was in late winter. It is suggested that the increase in certain affective disorders around spring may follow a rapid increase in luminance, and in stimulation of the pineal gland. Suicidal deaths of males did not show significant seasonality, while those of females showed two incidence peaks, the significant one occurring in spring.

Australia↗
PubMed1982

Moore hemi-arthroplasty with and without bone cement in femoral neck fractures. A clinical controlled trial.

In a clinical, controlled trial 112 patients with fresh femoral neck fractures were allocated to two groups of treatment: 55 patients had a Moore hemi-arthroplasty cemented with methyl methacrylate and 57 patients a non-cemented prosthesis. 75 patients attended the follow-up study. At 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months after the operation the function of the hip was assessed according to Merle d'Aubigné. At 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months after the operation the clinical results were significantly better among patients with cemented prosthesis, especially in relation to pain relief and gait function. It is concluded that fixation of the prosthesis with cement improves the clinical results, at least during the first 6 months following the operation.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Urethral denervation supersensitivity to noradrenaline after radical hysterectomy.

Urethral closure pressure profiles were registered before and during intravenous infusion of noradrenaline in 7 female patients who had undergone radical hysterectomy, and in whom a bladder denervation supersensitivity test to carbachol previously had been positive. Patients who had a completely denervated bladder had a greater rise in maximum urethral pressure during noradrenaline infusion (exceeding 20 cm H2O) than normal subjects (1 to 15 cm H2O). Urethral supersensitivity to noradrenaline may be a promising test in diagnosing damage of the sympathetic nervous innervation of the lower urinary tract.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Gangrenous cystitis. A case report.

Below is presented a case of bladder gangrene, delivery of the entire bladder wall per urethram, and spontaneous healing. The aetiology and treatment of gangrenous cystitis are reviewed in 21 cases reported in the literature over the past 45 years.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

[The effects of drugs on vesico-urethral function].

Disturbances of the bladder-urethra function may lead either to frequency, urinary incontinence, or urinary retention. A survey is given on the drugs most frequently used in the treatment of lower urinary tract dysfunction. Special attention is drawn to the use of parasympatholytics in the treatment of hyperactive detrusor function (unstable bladder), sympathomimetics in the treatment of decreased urethral resistance, parasympathomimetics in the treatment of hypoactive detrusor function and alpha-adrenergic blocking agents in the treatment of increased urethral resistance.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1981

[Recurrence in "cured" epilepsies in adults].

From out outpatient department for adults we selected 63 patients out of a total of just under 600 epileptics who had been treated in an identical manner and had shown freedom for fits for many years under an anticonvulsant treatment and for whom a reduction in the dosage was carried out with the aim of completely discontinuing the administration of anticonvulsants. In most cases the diseases had been persisting for more than ten years. In the majority of the patients, the reduction of antiepileptic administration had been begun after a period of more than 3 (recently 5) years of freedom from fits with the reduction phase covering in most cases more than two years. In spite of this cautious approach, recurrence of fits occurred in 31 patients (= 49 per cent). These relapses mainly occurred immediately after beginning the reduction or in the first year after interruption of the administration of drugs.

Adult↗