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Biomedical subjects

S Walker

Publications and source records attributed to S Walker.

At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on biliary bile acid and bile lipid composition in gallstone patients.

In five patients with radiolucent gallstones, the effect of ursodeoxycholic acid (Urso) in doses of 250, 500, 750, 1,000, and 1,250 mg per day on biliary lipid and bile acid composition was studied. Biliary cholesterol decreased from 8.8 +/- 0.8 mole% to 4.4 +/- 0.2 mole% at 500 mg Urso per day (7.1 mg per kg) and to 4.2 +/- 0.3 mole% at 750 mg Urso per day (10.7 mg per kg). Administration of 1,000 or 1,250 mg Urso per day produced no further decrease of biliary cholesterol. The biliary content of phospholipids and total bile acids remained unchanged. During Urso treatment, the relative amounts of glyco-Urso and tauro-Urso in bile increased. Glyco-Urso reached a plateau at 49.1 +/- 2.1% of total bile acids during treatment with 1,000 mg Urso per day, and tauro-Urso increased up to 4.3 +/- 1.5% of total bile acids at 250 mg Urso per day. Simultaneously cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, deoxycholic acid, and lithocholic acid decreased. The data indicate that Urso treatment reduces biliary cholesterol efficiently already at a dose of 500 mg per day; biliary bile acid composition changes up to 1,000 mg Urso per day. Doses greater than 1,000 mg per day produced no additional alterations in bile composition.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Terlipressin in bleeding esophageal varices: a placebo-controlled, double-blind study.

The effect of terlipressin (N-alpha-triglycyl-8-lysine-vasopressin) in bleeding esophageal varices was evaluated in a prospective placebo-controlled study. Fifty bleeding episodes from esophageal varices in 34 patients were randomized. Standard therapy with transfusions, fluid and electrolyte correction, and lactulose was performed in both groups. Balloon tamponade was used in 20 bleeding episodes in the terlipressin group and in 19 bleeding episodes in the control group. In the terlipressin group, hemorrhage was controlled in all bleeding episodes (25/25) whereas in the placebo group, only 20 of 25 bleeding episodes could be stopped within 36 hr (p less than 0.05). Sclerotherapy was performed in five bleeding episodes in the terlipressin group and in seven bleeding episodes in the placebo group. Treatment failures, including patients who required sclerotherapy, occurred in five bleedings in the terlipressin group and in 12 in the control group (p less than 0.05). The hospital mortality rate was 12% (3/25) in the terlipressin group and 32% (8/25) in the control group. Patients in the terlipressin group required fewer transfusions, the balloon needed to be inflated for a shorter time and the duration of bleeding was shorter than in the control group. However, these differences were not significant. These data do not allow conclusions concerning monotherapy with terlipressin, but they indicate that the addition of terlipressin to standard therapy may increase the control rate in acute variceal hemorrhage.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cytogenetic prenatal diagnosis and its relative effectiveness in the Mersey Region and North Wales.

The relative effectiveness of cytogenetic prenatal diagnosis in the Mersey Region and North Wales is presented by estimating the percentage detection rates of Down's syndrome annually following amniocentesis from 1978-1984 inclusive. Tables indicating the percentage of screened pregnancies, types of chromosomal aberrations detected and the occurrence of Down's syndrome in mothers in age groups of five-year intervals are also presented. The average prenatal detection rate for Down's syndrome (estimated at the time of birth) was 15.15 per cent over the years 1978-1984 and was above 22 per cent for the last two years when 44.13 per cent of all pregnancies to mothers of 35 years and over were investigated.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

'Must try harder?': a family empowerment intervention for acquired brain injury.

This paper describes an intervention aimed at empowering parents of child survivors of acquired brain injury (ABI) in their interaction with teachers and other professionals involved in their child's education. The particular characteristics of the late morbidity of child ABI led to the design of an intervention in the form of a video and informational booklet that is the property of the family. Early response to the intervention has been extremely positive, although formal evaluation has been unexpectedly challenging.

Adolescent↗