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Biomedical subjects

S Wada

Publications and source records attributed to S Wada.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Double bilateral symmetrical aneurysms--case report.

A 52-year-old female admitted for subarachnoid hemorrhage and preoperative angiography revealed bilateral symmetrical middle cerebral artery aneurysms, which were successfully clipped. Post-operative angiography revealed bilateral symmetrical aneurysms in the distal anterior cerebral arteries, which were not identified on the preoperative angiograms, and were also clipped successfully. Such multiple aneurysms should not be treated by bilateral approaches in a one-stage operation.

Aneurysm, Ruptured↗
PubMed1994

Sulphotransferase-dependent dehydration of atropine and scopolamine in guinea pig.

1. Enzymatic dehydration of atropine and scopolamine was studied in guinea pig. 2. The incubation of these alkaloids with guinea pig liver cytosol in the absence of cofactors gave no dehydrated metabolite. However, when atropine and scopolamine were incubated with cytosol supplemented with ATP and sodium sulphate, dehydrated metabolites, apoatropine and aposcopolamine were formed. The formation of these metabolites was confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 3. The reaction required ATP as well as cytosol as the obligatory factors. Deletion of sodium sulphate from the reaction mixture also resulted in a decrease of the activities, although this treatment showed limited effect when the low concentration of atropine was used. Furthermore, dehydroepiandrosterone, an excellent substrate for hydroxysteroid-sulphotransferase, effectively inhibited the in vitro activity of atropine dehydration. 4. Administration of dehydroepiandrosterone to guinea pig followed by atropine treatment caused decreased urinary excretion of apoatropine. 5. These results strongly suggested that the dehydration of atropine and scopolamine takes place via the sulphate conjugate intermediates produced from the sulphotransferase-catalysed reaction. The present finding is the first example of the sulphotransferase-dependent dehydration of a drug, and its generality in drug metabolism is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Evaluation of the results of one session of extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for a single urinary tract stone].

Fourteen hundred seventeen patients with a single stone under either general or epidural anesthesia were treated by one session of ESWL using the Dornier HM3 while 255 cases by one session of ESWL using the Dornier MPL9000 under no anesthesia but only with some analgesics, with 3 months' follow up available in all patients. The ratio of stone location in the kidney vs ureter was 7 to 3 in the Dornier HM3 and 5 vs 6 in the Dornier MPL9000. The overall success rate (stone free and residual stone fragments of less than 4 mm, 3 months after ESWL) was 58% (591 cases/1016 cases) for kidney stones with the Dornier HM3 and 35% (41/117) with the Dornier MPL9000. On the other hand, the overall success rate for ureter stones was 61% (245/401) with the Dornier HM3 and 70% (96/138) with the Dornier MPL9000. The overall success rate for stones of more than 10 mm, was poor when treated by the Dornier MPL9000 compared with the Dornier HM3.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[The effect of TZP-4238, an anti-androgen drug, on renal function].

The effect of TZP-4238, an antiandrogen drug, on renal function was examined. Single administration test: Patients with prostatic hypertrophy were divided according to creatinine clearance (CCr) into group A (CCr < 50 ml/min) and group B (CCr > or = 50 ml/min), and hemodynamics after a single administration of TZP-4238 were compared between the two groups. Groups A and B showed similar TZP-4238 hemodynamics, and there was no significant difference in pharmacokinetic parameters or the rate of serum protein binding between them. There was no difference in the hemodynamics of a major metabolite, 15-OH body, between the two groups. Neither was there any significant difference in the urinary excretion rate of TZP-4238 or 15-OH body. There were no findings of adverse clinical significance, and there were no problems with safety. Consecutive administration test: A 16-week consecutive administration study was performed on patients with prostatic hypertrophy associated with relative renal hypofunction. The blood levels determined in 5 patients were in good accordance with the simulation curve drawn from the results of group A. The rates of efficacy, safety and usefulness were 71.4%, 90% and 71.4%, respectively. Mild side effects were observed in one patient, but the 16-week administration was completed in all patients, and no adverse effects on renal function were observed. Favorable blood levels of TZP-4238 were obtained even in patients with prostatic hypertrophy associated with renal hypofunction, and adequate efficacy and safety were achieved even with consecutive administration. Furthermore, the drug had no apparent adverse effect on renal function.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Genome DNA analysis and genotyping of clinical isolates of Helicobacter pylori.

The genotype of genome DNA from seventeen clinical isolates of Helicobacter pylori by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR) was determined. Three restriction enzymes, Apa I, Kpn I and Not I, were found to produce distributions of DNA fragments which were useful for analysis of the chromosome-sized DNA from H. pylori NCTC11637T by PFGE. Many of the isolates of H. pylori could not be genotyped by PFGE after digestion reaction with Apa I, Kpn I, and Not I. When AP-PCR with a ten-nucleotide primer was performed using the chromosomal genomic DNA from the isolates as templates, fifteen distinctly different profiles were obtained from the seventeen isolates. Thus, genotyping of the isolates was possible where PFGE profiles had not previously been informative. The results suggest that AP-PCR is more suitable for genotyping of clinical isolates of H. pylori in Japan than PFGE.

DNA, Bacterial↗
PubMed1994

Effect of immunomodulatory artificial blood exchange (IABX) on guinea pig-to-rat heart xenografts.

The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of pregraft immunomodulatory artificial blood exchange (IABX) in a guinea pig-to-rat xeno discordant heart transplantation, using an artificial blood (FC43 emulsion: The Green Cross, Japan) in exchange for a large volume of whole blood to remove humoral immune factors en bloc from the recipient rat. In the rats treated with IABX, rhythmic beating of the grafted heart was maintained for 2 hr, whereas the untreated heart beat lasted for only 15.2 +/- 5.2 min (n = 6). In the graft hearts treated with IABX, no pathologic changes such as multiple coronary thromboses due to hyperacute rejection (HAR) were observed. Humoral immune factors (natural-IgM titer, ACH50 and CH50 complement activities, platelet count, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and fibrinogen serum concentration), which are thought to contribute to HAR, decreased significantly following the IABX treatment. We conclude that IABX is an efficient method for prolonging the survival time of guinea pig heart xenografts by inhibiting thrombus formation in the xeno-graft heart. It was confirmed that IABX could remove recipient humoral immune factors en bloc.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Rupture of donor ascending aorta following heart transplantation.

Among 81 patients who underwent orthotopic heart transplantation between July 1986 and December 1990, we found rupture of the donor ascending aorta in three patients, all with severe ventricular dysfunction secondary to aortic valvular disease. The mechanism for this may be compliance mismatch between the recipient ascending aorta and the donor ascending aorta. This situation is a unique complication in heart transplantation for the recipients who have severe athero-sclerotic changes in the systemic aortic wall, especially for those with valvular diseases caused by calcification.

Aortic Rupture↗
PubMed1994

[Peripelvic extravasation after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy: a case report].

We experienced a case of peripelvic extravasation after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) treatment. A 62-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with a complaint of macroscopic hematuria. The patient was diagnosed as having a radiolucent stone in the right kidney and ESWL treatment was performed to focus the stone by using drip infusion pyelography (DIP) under epidural anesthesia. The patient had right flank pain two weeks after ESWL treatment. DIP and computerized tomography (CT) showed peripelvic extravasation of contrast medium. Right pain improved after a double-J catheter was placed for decreasing intra-pelvic pressure. As a result, the disappearance of peripelvic extravasation was recognized by DIP and CT. We reviewed four cases of peripelvic extravasation after ESWL treatment including our case in the Japanese literatures and discussed the cause of peripelvic extravasation after ESWL treatment.

Extravasation of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Materi↗
PubMed1994

Lectin binding patterns in regenerated rat junctional epithelium.

Junctional epithelium (JE) originates from reduced enamel epithelium and is replaced by cells from oral gingival epithelium (OGE) shortly after tooth eruption. Although derived from OGE, cells of JE exhibit both morphologic and functional differences from precursor tissue. We sought to elucidate these differences by investigating histochemical localization of cell surface glycoconjugates in regenerated epithelial cells following gingivectomy in the rat. Distribution and reaction patterns of lectins (Ulex europaeus agglutinin-I, peanut agglutinin, soybean agglutinin, and wheat germ agglutinin) were determined using both light and electron microscopy. We found that although regenerated JE derived from OGE following gingivectomy, its morphologic features as well as histochemical lectin patterns underwent transition to those of non-treated JE. These findings indicate that freshly regenerated JE and primary JE are morphologically and histochemically similar.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[The surgical treatments of ischemic heart disease: the prospective view based on the experiences at University of Bordeaux].

The indication of myocardial revascularization has been extended in this decade. Patients who are older, more debilitated, and in unstable condition are now considered acceptable surgical candidates. 355 cases of ischemic heart disease, which the author experienced at Haut-Lèvêque hospital (University of Bordeaux, France), were reported in this article. 349 cases underwent coronary artery bypass grafting, and 6 underwent other surgical procedures containing heart transplantation (4 patients). Multiple revascularization and associated procedures are performed for scheduled patients, while resuscitative interventions for emergency cases with life-threatening complications secondary to acute myocardial infarction. Today, heart transplantation is performed with well-established techniques in the world, but not yet in Japan. Actually, however, we have many patients with deteriorated ventricular function secondary to ischemic heart disease, who have no other solutions but heart transplantation, and the number of the patients is increasing year after year. Therefore, the resumption of heart transplantation should contribute to survival in the majority of patients now suffering from severely compromised cardiac function.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Early and long-term results of 233 heart transplant patients in University Bordeaux in France: quality of life following heart transplantations].

Between March 1986 and December 1993 we had 233 heart transplant patients who were 218 males and 15 females and had a mean age of 50.9 years (range, 2 to 65 years). We analyzed the actuarial survival for these patients and investigated the status of rehabilitation and return-to-work from the view point of quality of life after heart transplant. Actuarial survival (Kaplan-Meier) was 81.7% at 1 year, 76.3% at 3 years, and 72.2% at 5 years. In 57 dead patients 24 patients (42%) died in 1 month after heart transplant. In 176 living patients 165 patients (53%) returned to life. In 129 patients except 76 retired patients only 69 patients (53%) returned to work. In 60 patients, who didn't return to work, 38 patients (63%) were physically able to work.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Origin of subcortical somatosensory evoked potentials in response to posterior tibial nerve stimulation in humans.

To identify the origin of short latency somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) to posterior tibial nerve stimulation, direct recordings were made from the cervical cord, the ventricular system and the frontal subcortex during 8 neurosurgical operations. The origin of each component of SSEPs was also studied in 7 selected patients with various lesions in the central nervous system. In addition, SSEPs to median nerve stimulation were investigated in 4 of 8 surgical cases and all 7 cases of the lesion study group. Bilateral posterior tibial nerve stimulation in 10 normal subjects showed spinal N28 on the skin of the posterior neck and far-field P30 and N33 components followed by a cortical P38 component at the scalp. Direct recordings made to the mid-brain through the medulla oblongata showed a negative potential with gradually increasing latency. The peak of the negativity in the vicinity of the dorsal column nucleus showed almost the same latency as that of the scalp far-field P30, and positivity with a stationary peak was found above the dorsal column nucleus. Above the mid-pons, there was a stationary negativity with no latency shift, showing the same peak latency as that of scalp N33. The spatiotemporal distributions of P30 and N33 to posterior tibial nerve stimulation were analogous to those of P14 and N18 by median nerve stimulation. Transesophageal and direct cervical cord recordings showed that the spinal N13 phase to median nerve stimulation was reversed between the dorsal and ventral sides of the cervical cord. No such reversal occurred for the spinal N28 potential. Clinical lesion studies showed that changes in P30 and P14, and in N33 and N18 correlated with one another: that is, 1) prolongation of latency of N33 was also observed for N18; 2) absence of P30 was paralleled by the absence of P14. These data suggest that spinal N28 originates from ascending activity such as a dorsal column volley, and scalp P30 comes from activity near the dorsal column nucleus, which is similar to the P14 component of median nerve stimulation. The origin of N33 is thought to be similar to N18 from median nerve stimulation, which originates from brainstem activity below the thalamus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Restriction landmark genomic scanning method and its various applications.

We have developed a new genome scanning method (restriction landmark genomic scanning (RLGS), based on the new concept of using restriction enzyme sites as landmarks. RLGS employs direct end labeling of the genomic DNA digested with a restriction enzyme and two-dimensional electrophoresis with high-resolution. Its advantages are: (i) high-speed scanning ability, allowing simultaneous scanning of thousands of restriction landmarks; (ii) extension of the scanning field using different kinds of landmarks in an additional series of electrophoresis; (iii) application to any type of organism because of direct-labeling of restriction enzyme sites and no hybridization procedure; and (iv) reflection of the copy number of the restriction landmark by the spot intensity which enables distinction of haploid and diploid genomic DNAs. The RLGS method has various applications because it can be used to scan for physical genomic DNA states, such as amplification, deletion and methylation. The copy number of the locus of a restriction landmark can be estimated by the spot intensity to find either an amplified or deleted region. The methylation state of genomic DNA can also be discovered by use of a methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme sites as a restriction landmark (restriction landmark genomic scanning for screening methylated sites, RLGS-M). This article introduces the basic principle of RLGS and its applications to the analysis of cancer, mouse mutant DNAs and tissue-specific methylation, showing the usefulness of RLGS for a variety of biological fields.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Radioimmunoreactive plasma bradykinin levels and histological changes during the course of cerulein-induced pancreatitis in rats.

The plasma bradykinin (BK) and serum amylase levels and histological changes in rats during the course of acute pancreatitis induced by a large dose of cerulein were examined. Animals were given four intraperitoneal injections of 20 micrograms/kg body wt of cerulein at hourly intervals. The plasma concentration of BK-like immunoreactivity (BK-LI), measured by a highly sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay established in this study, was found to reach a peak 6 h after the first injection of cerulein and then to remain elevated. On the other hand, the serum amylase and the histological alterations (i.e., interstitial edema, vacuolization, and inflammatory infiltration) were maximal 9 h after the first injection and returned to nearly normal after 24 h. These observations suggest that the BK generation is indicative of the participation of the kallikrein-kinin system in the pathophysiological change and that the plasma BK-LI level is a good marker of cellular damage and inflammation within the pancreas during the course of acute pancreatitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1993

Modifying effects of chemicals on the development of liver preneoplastic placental glutathione S-transferase positive foci in analbuminemic and Sprague-Dawley rats.

Nagase analbuminemic rats (NARs) were compared to the Sprague-Dawley (SD) stock in a medium-term assay system for hepatocarcinogenesis regarding their susceptibilities to the influence of chemicals on the development of glutathione S-transferase, placental form, positive (GST-P+) foci. Two weeks after initiation with diethylnitrosamine (DEN), the animals were exposed alternatively to 0.06% 3'-methyl-4-dimethyl-aminoazobenzene (3'-Me-DAB), 50 ppm DEN, 0.25% ethionine, 1% clofibrate, and 1% butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) for a 6-wk period. Adequate controls included groups only initiated with DEN or treated with each test compound alone. For evaluation of the modifying potential of the chemicals, indices were generated by using the mean values obtained for number and area of GST-P+ foci after each treatment. Comparison between these indices suggests that SD rats were relatively more sensitive than NARs to the modifying effects of complete carcinogens (3'-Me-DAB and DEN). The strains were similarly-susceptible to the promoting influence of ethionine, a nongenotoxic carcinogen. The inhibitory influence of BHA was more intense in NARs, whereas in both strains clofibrate was associated to similarly reduced values for number and area of GST-P+ foci. The degree of susceptibility of each strain to the modifying influence of chemicals on foci development depended on the chemical agent investigated.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1993

[Constituents of the leaves of Daphne pseudo-mezereum].

Three new phenolic compounds were isolated from methanol extracts of the leaves of Daphne pseudo-mezereum (Thymelaeaceae) and characterized as (-)-pinoresinol di-O-glucoside (1), 5-hydroxy-7-methoxy coumarin 8-O-beta-D-glucoside (2), diosmetin 7-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl (1-->6) beta-D-glucopyranoside (3), respectively, together with six known compounds, using 1H- and 13C-NMR spectra.

Coumarins↗
PubMed1993

Thyroid dysfunction in isolated adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) deficiency: case report and literature review.

A case of isolated ACTH deficiency accompanying transient primary hypothyroidism was reported along with a review of literature on isolated ACTH deficiency in Japan with special reference to its association with thyroid function. Our case, a 56-year-old woman, developed somnolence and hypoglycemia due to isolated ACTH deficiency. She also had the features of hypothyroidism, namely mounding phenomenon, muscle rigidity, increased plasma myogenic enzymes and cold intolerance. Both free T3 and free T4 were decreased, and basal as well as TRH-stimulated TSH levels were abnormally high. Plasma thyroglobulin was increased and no anti-thyroid antibodies were detected. All thyroid related physical and biochemical abnormalities disappeared after hydrocortisone replacement. A review of the literature on 103 cases disclosed that more than half the cases with isolated ACTH deficiency had a high plasma level of TSH, basal and/or TRH-induced, while the antithyroid antibodies were reported to be positive in only 13 cases. In more than 70% of such cases, the abnormality in the pituitary-thyroid axis was transient and was reversed by glucocorticoid replacement. Our case and cases in the literature indicate that the interference of thyroid hormone synthesis and/or secretion by glucocorticoid deficiency per se is the major cause of thyroid dysfunction rather than associated autoimmune thyroid disease.

Adolescent↗