Incidence of milk fever and ketosis in Norway.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
S Waage
Publications and source records attributed to S Waage.
Transfer of the second toe for reconstruction of the hand after trauma.
Twenty-six transfers of second toe to hand have been carried out in 25 cases. On 25 occasions the toe was anastomosed to the stump of the thumb, and in one to a metacarpal hand. Revascularization failed in five cases, but the remaining 21 healed with bony union occurring within six weeks in all cases. The mean follow up period was 52 months, range 14-81, and the results in 19 thumb cases were classified as excellent and in one as good by the Tamai score. We conclude that the microsurgical technique of transferring the second toe to the hand is challenging, but if revascularization is successful the functional results are good. Morbidity at the donor site is minimal.
Adolescent↗
Free tissue transfer for type III tibial fractures. Microsurgery in 19 cases.
We report 19 tibial fractures Types III B and C treated by free flaps. The fracture healed in 16 cases after 12 (3-54) months. In 3 cases a secondary amputation was carried out. Tibial malalignment or substantial shortening ensued in 1 case each. We conclude that coverage with free flaps, radical removal of dead bone, stable external fixation and transfer of vascularized bone may salvage the majority of Type III B and C tibial fracture with function superior to that after amputation.
Adolescent↗
[Transfer of tissue by a microvascular technic].
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Adolescent↗
Plasma concentrations of cortisol in cows with hypocalcaemia in relation to their responses to treatment with calcium.
The mean plasma concentration of cortisol at the time of the first treatment for hypocalcaemia at calving was significantly higher in 17 cows which did not recover, than in 53 cows which recovered. Healthy periparturient cows had significantly lower cortisol levels than cows with hypocalcaemia. There was a negative correlation between plasma cortisol and plasma calcium at the time of the first treatment. After adjustment for differences in plasma calcium there was no significant difference between cortisol concentrations in healthy cows and paretic cows which recovered. Plasma cortisol was positively correlated with both packed cell volume (PCV) and serum creatine kinase (CK). At first treatment cows which did not recover had higher levels of PCV and serum CK than cows which recovered, and the difference between the mean plasma cortisol concentrations of these two groups was related to differences in plasma calcium, PCV and serum CK. Plasma cortisol concentrations remained high in cases of protracted paresis.
Animals↗
Echinococcosis in slaughtered reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) in the northern part of Troms and western part of Finnmark counties, during the winter 1975/76.
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Animals↗
Milk fever in the cow--course of disease in relation to the serum activity of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, creatine kinase and gamma-glutamyltransferase.
The serum activity of aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), creatine kinase (CK), and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) was determined at the time of first and subsequent treatments in milk fever cows which responded differently to treatment, and in a number of healthy, periparturient cows. Serum ASAT, ALAT and CK levels were lower in the healthy cows than in the milk fever cows at first treatment. Serum ASAT and serum CK were, at first treatment, higher in the milk fever cows which did not recover than in those which recovered. At second and subsequent treatments, serum ASAT and serum ALAT were higher in the cows which failed to recover, and these cows also showed the highest levels of serum CK up-to and including fourth treatment. After an overall assessment of serum activity of the various enzymes, it is concluded that muscle damage was a significant complication both in cows which recovered and in those which failed to recover, while liver damage was of little importance.
Alanine Transaminase↗
Persisting hypocalcaemia in the cow--predisposing factors.
Results from a clinical study involving 540 cows which recovered after one treatment for hypocalcaemia, 159 cows which recovered after two treatments for hypocalcaemia, and 61 cows which recovered after at least three treatments for hypocalcaemia, showed that the number of treatments before recovery was significantly related to the following factors: Plasma Ca, plasma Mg, packed cell volume, time of first treatment in relation to calving, season of the year, previous milk fever history, management system and the cow's body condition.
Animals↗
The relationship between certain clinical characteristics and course of disease in milk fever in dairy cows.
Recovery rate after one treatment and mortality rate in cows with clinical milk fever were related to several clinical characteristics recorded immediately prior to first treatment, namely: Appetite, mobility, demeanour, whether or not hyperhidrosis was present, pulse quality, pulse rhythm, pulse rate and rectal temperature. Furthermore, the same symptoms at second treatment and subsequent course of disease in milk fever cows which received at least two treatments were found to be related. Recovery rate after first treatment was lower in cows which had been recumbent for more than one hour before treatment than in those which had been down for a shorter period. As regards cows which received at least two treatments, the recovery rate after second treatment was higher in those which had been on their feet for a shorter or longer period between first and second treatment than in those which has been recumbent during this period.
Animals↗
The relationship between packed cell volume and the course of disease in milk fever in dairy cows.
Results from a field investigation involving 1086 cows with clinical milk fever, revealed a clear relationship between PCV at the time of first treatment and the subsequent course of the disease. Average PCV was progressively higher as the cows required one, two, or more than two treatments before recovery, and was highest in cows which subsequently failed to recover. PCV in healthy, periparturient cows was considerably lower than in cows with milk fever. PCV was negatively correlated with plasma Ca, and varied, moreover, with the time of first treatment in relation to calving, and also with the length of time the cow had been recumbent before being treated for the first time. PCV was also measured during the further course of the disease in cows which received more than one treatment (2nd to 6th treatments).
Animals↗
Hypocalcaemia in the ewe.
Hypocalcaemia was verified in 74.4% of 78 ewes with a clinical diagnosis of hypocalcaemia, the corresponding figure for 99 ewes with an uncertain clinical diagnosis of hypocalcaemia being 21.2%. The tendency to developed hypocalcaemia increased with increasing age. Hypocalcaemic cases were recorded from about 2 months prior to lambing to approx. 11/2 months after lambing, most frequently occurring during the period 2-4 weeks before lambing. The number of lambs in ewes which developed hypocalcaemia was on the average greater than in a group of healthy control ewes. Plasma Ca was higher in ewes with hypocalcaemia which stood firmly as compared with atactic or recumbent cases, and higher in those which showed tetany, were restless or which appeared to be relatively normal, than in those which were dull or comatose. Plasma Mg was lowest in the ewes with tetany. Values for ASAT, ALAT, bilirubin, haemoglobin and packed cell volume were significantly higher in hypocalcaemic ewes than in the healthy control ewes. In the hypocalcaemic ewes, plasma Ca and packed cell volume were negatively correlated, while plasma Ca and plasma P were positively correlated. Approx. 20% of the ewes with hypocalcaemia did not recover. These had higher average plasma Ca and lower average plasma Mg at first treatment than those which recovered. The mortality rate in ewes treated after parturition was higher than in those treated before parturition. Of the hypocalcaemic cases which recovered, approx. 25% required more than one treatment. Ewes which developed hypocalcaemia before lambing and which recovered, lost 22% of their lambs, the main reason probably being premature birth. The differential diagnosis of hypocalcaemia is discussed in the light of clinical and clinico-chemical findings in normocalcaemic ewes to which a diagnosis of clinical or uncertain clinical hypocalcaemia had been given.
Age Factors↗