Inhalation of a coin and a capsule from metered-dose inhalers.
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Administration, Inhalation↗
Biomedical subjects
S W Hargarten
Publications and source records attributed to S W Hargarten.
All-terrain vehicle mortality in Wisconsin: a case study in injury control.
All-terrain vehicles (ATVs) have resulted in over 1,400 deaths and 400,000 injuries in the United States since their introduction in the 1970s. Analysis of deaths due to ATVs have been limited to a few states. Death certificates for ATVs were abstracted for the years 1983 through 1989 in Wisconsin. Fifty-two deaths were analyzed; 44 (85%) were male, and 26 (50%) were under age 18. Head injuries accounted for 33 (63%) of the deaths. Thirty-one of the deaths (60%) were "immediate", occurring in "seconds", "minutes", or "immediately". Following the model developed by Haddon, there are several promising injury-control strategies: limiting the use of ATVs to those sixteen or older, increasing visibility of vehicles through means such as flags, increasing helmet usage, and improving emergency medical systems services. Many of these strategies are best promoted through statewide legislative policy changes. This injury study model of ATV deaths suggest that a more balanced approach towards injury reduction should have an equal emphasis on improving injury prevention and acute care.
Accidents, Traffic↗
Overseas fatalities of United States citizen travelers: an analysis of deaths related to international travel.
STUDY OBJECTIVE: Studies of travel-related mortality and morbidity have been limited to nonfatal events. Causes of travel-related mortality may differ significantly from morbidity and thus have different prevention strategies. DESIGN: We examined the overseas fatalities of US citizen travelers for the years 1975 and 1984. The death certificates were abstracted; all deaths under age 60 and a 20% sample of deaths 60 and older were examined. SETTING AND TYPE OF PARTICIPANTS: All overseas travel fatalities of US citizens were examined excluding those occurring in Canada. INTERVENTIONS: None. RESULTS: Cardiovascular events (including myocardial infarctions and cerebrovascular accidents) and injuries accounted for 49% and 25% of the overseas deaths of US citizen travelers, respectively. Infectious diseases other than pneumonia accounted for only 1% of the deaths. Eighty percent of injury deaths occurred outside of hospitals. Injury death rates for male travelers were greater than US age-specific death rates. CONCLUSIONS: Greater emphasis on the prevention of fatal events, especially those resulting from injury, must be given by physicians and other individuals and organizations who advise travelers. Further studies are needed to explore the issues of preventable injury deaths, emergency medical services, and overseas travel.
Accident Prevention↗
Malaria in Wisconsin 1981-1989: a review of cases and update on chemoprophylaxis.
Malaria continues to be a significant cause of travel related morbidity and mortality for US citizens. Yet there have been no previous analyses of malaria cases reported in Wisconsin. To provide timely information to Wisconsin physicians, the authors present a review of reported malaria cases in Wisconsin for the years 1981 through 1989, and an update of current Center for Disease Control malaria chemoprophylaxis.
Adolescent↗
American travel deaths in Mexico. Causes and prevention strategies.
About 3 to 4 million Americans travel to Mexico every year, yet their mortality experience has never been analyzed. Fatalities among US travelers to Mexico during the years 1975 and 1984 were examined using a previously unanalyzed data source. The leading cause of death to all US travelers to Mexico was injuries (51%), with 18% of deaths resulting from motor vehicle crashes. Of all travelers' deaths, 37% were due to circulatory diseases and less than 1% were due to infectious diseases. While the proportion of all deaths from motor vehicle crashes was similar for US citizens traveling in Mexico and US residents, travelers had significantly higher proportions of injury deaths due to aircraft crashes and drowning. Injury, rather than infectious diseases, appears to pose the greatest risk of death to travelers to Mexico. Physicians and travel clinics need to place greater emphasis on injury prevention when giving advice to clients traveling to Mexico.
Accidents, Traffic↗
Fatalities in the Peace Corps. A retrospective study: 1962 through 1983.
Fatalities among Peace Corps volunteers were analyzed for 1962 through 1983, with individual case histories reviewed for all deaths from 1977 through 1983. Unintentional injuries accounted for 70% of the 185 deaths of Peace Corps volunteers, with motor vehicle crashes the number 1 cause of death. The death rate from unintentional injuries for women was significantly higher than the comparable US rate. Motorcycles caused 12% of all Peace Corps deaths and 33% of all motor vehicle deaths. Suicide has emerged as a leading cause of death among volunteers, accounting for 13% of all deaths from 1981 through 1983. Greater emphasis on injury control measures is needed to reduce this toll.
Accidents↗
Injury prevention curriculum.
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Curriculum↗
Another drug-related death.
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Acidosis, Lactic↗
The problem of atlanto-occipital dislocation.
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Accident Prevention↗
Ligamentous injuries of the wrist.
Wrist injuries occur commonly. Significant wrist injuries such as perilunate dislocation and scapholunate dissociation may occur without carpal bone fracture. The emergency physician can recognize these ligamentous wrist injuries by noting abnormalities of the shapes, joint spaces, and alignments of the carpal bones. Early diagnosis allows for prompt referral and optimal outcome.
Carpal Bones↗
A public health approach to emergency medicine: preparing for the twenty-first century.
This paper focuses on the implications of an inadequate public health/preventive health care system for emergency medicine (EM), the role that EM providers can play in remedying critical health problems, and the benefits gained from a public health approach to EM. A broad definition of public health is adopted, suggesting shared goals of public health and EM. Critical problems posed for EM include alcohol, tobacco, and other drug abuse; injury; violence; sexually transmitted diseases and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection occupational and environmental exposures; and the unmet health needs of minorities and women. A blueprint for future merging of public health issues with EM is presented that includes the application of public health principles to 1) clinical practice; 2) public education, community involvement, and public policy advocacy; 3) development of medical school and residency public health/prevention curricula and teaching methods; and 4) research opportunities and surveillance. Finally, recommendations are proposed that require restructuring the present health care system to provide resources, incentives, and organizational changes that promote an integration of public health and preventive services in the practice of EM.
Emergency Medicine↗
Landmines: not just another travel risk.
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Blast Injuries↗
Public health: a successful paradigm applied to firearm injuries.
Firearm injuries are a major contributor to injury mortality and morbidity in the United States and account for substantial loss of productive years of life. A public health approach to injury reduction, and particularly firearm injury prevention, has promise because it emphasizes prevention rather than reaction, it utilizes a scientific approach to policies and programs, it brings an integrative, multi-disciplinary approach to the effort, and it emphasizes the role of communities in solving health problems. The new Firearm Injury Center at the Medical College of Wisconsin exemplifies the public health approach to this vexing problem.
Health Policy↗
The uncounted dead--American civilians dying overseas.
The Federal Government, U.S. physicians, their patients who travel, insurance companies, the travel industry, and multinational corporations should know the health hazards facing Americans overseas. However, the deaths overseas of almost 5,000 Americans every year have never been analyzed. A previously unreported, unexamined data source is analyzed by cause, sex, age, length of stay, and country of death of Americans dying overseas. The major findings are 1. Most Americans who die overseas die in the developed countries of Western Europe, where most Americans live or visit. The patterns of deaths in these countries are similar to death patterns in the United States. 2. Surprisingly, the deaths of Americans in less developed countries are not from infectious and tropical disease, as many health professionals would expect, but are from chronic diseases, injuries, suicides, and homicides. The importance of these findings for the Federal Government, travelers' clinics, insurance companies, multinational corporations, and Americans living and traveling overseas is discussed.
Adult↗