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Biomedical subjects

S Vaidyanathan

Publications and source records attributed to S Vaidyanathan.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Renal tuberculosis: diagnosis with sonographically guided aspiration cytology.

Sonographically guided fine-needle aspiration cytology was performed in 19 patients suspected to have renal tuberculosis. This procedure enabled a diagnosis of renal tuberculosis to be made in six of seven patients with urine cultures consistently negative for acid-fast bacilli and confirmed the diagnosis in nine patients with focal renal lesions on sonography and urine cultures positive for acid-fast bacilli. The fine-needle aspiration cytologic samples were positive for acid-fast bacilli in seven (44%) of the 16 confirmed cases, and acid-fast bacilli were present in 80% of the samples containing necrotic material. Epithelioid granulomas were present in 15 (94%) of 16 patients diagnosed with renal tuberculosis. One patient had no evidence of acid-fast bacilli or epithelioid granulomas, but seminal fluid ultimately grew acid-fast bacilli. Two patients (13%) with evidence of tuberculosis had minor self-limiting complications from the fine-needle aspiration: one perirenal hematoma and one abdominal wall intramuscular hematoma. Sonographically guided fine-needle aspiration cytology is useful as a means of diagnosing renal tuberculosis in patients with urine cultures negative for acid-fast bacilli, and is of value in defining the granulomatous nature of sonographically visible lesions in patients with positive urine cultures.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1992

Isolated invasive candidal prostatitis.

Fungal prostatitis is an uncommon entity. Herein we report a case of isolated candidal prostatitis in an elderly patient who presented with acute urinary retention and was clinically diagnosed as having benign hypertrophy of the prostate. Histology of the resected prostate demonstrated invasive prostatic involvement by Candida albicans. There was no evidence of systemic involvement by Candida. The relevant literature and treatment of isolated Candidal prostatitis have been highlighted.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

A comparative study of intravesical instillation of 15(s) 15 Me alpha and alum in the management of persistent hematuria of vesical origin.

A prospective randomized, controlled study was done to compare the efficacy and safety of 15(s) 15 Me PGF2 alpha intravesical instillation and 1% alum vesical irrigation in the control of vesical hematuria which persisted even after continuous bladder irrigation with normal saline for 24 hours. Ten patients were treated with 15(s) 15 Me PGF2 alpha intravesical instillation in a dose of 1 mg daily for a maximum of 5 days. Six patients had complete cessation of macroscopic hematuria and partial control was seen in another 2 patients. Failure of control was seen in 2 patients. Nine patients were treated with 1% alum irrigation of bladder at a rate of 5 ml/min for a maximum period of 72 hours. Complete cessation of hematuria occurred in 6 patients and partial control in the other 3 patients. Bladder spasms was a common side effect of both drugs (19/19). Frequent catheter blockade (7/9) and recurrence of bleeding (3/9) were also seen with alum therapy. No systemic side effects occurred during therapy with both drugs. Alum, due to its safety and efficacy remains the drug of first choice for persistent vesical hematuria. High cost, low availability and stringent storage conditions are drawbacks for routine use of 15(s) 15 Me PGF2 alpha, however, PGF2 alpha promises to be a safe and effective alternative method and might be of great value in cases of alum failure as observed in two of our cases (9 and 10).

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed1991

Fine-needle aspiration cytology in azoospermic males.

Bilateral testicular fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was performed in 100 males, including 10 controls with normal fertility and 90 infertile azoospermic males. The various seminiferous tubular cells were easily identified in smears. It was possible to give a cytological diagnosis in histologic terms by analysis of the combinations of various cell types. The cytohistologic correlation in 25 cases was nearly 100%. FNAC is particularly useful in cases of obstructive azoospermia, where mature spermatozoa are seen in smears.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1991

The effect of diclofenac sodium on urinary concentration of calcium, uric acid and glycosaminoglycans in traumatic paraplegics.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) have been shown to decrease calcium excretion in the experimental animal, in human volunteers and in calcium stone formers. Paraplegics tend to be hypercalciuric during the first 2 years after their injury and this is said to be a predisposing factor for stone formation in these patients. The effect of the NSAID diclofenac sodium was studied in 12 traumatic paraplegics who had sustained their injury 1 to 6 months previously; 24-h urine samples collected before and 2 weeks and 4 weeks after oral diclofenac sodium 50 mg tds were analysed for calcium, uric acid, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and volume. There were no significant changes in urinary volume, uric acid and GAGs excretion. However, urinary calcium concentration and 24-h calcium excretion decreased significantly following 2 weeks' and 4 weeks' treatment with diclofenac sodium.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Seminal vesiculitis due to Mycobacterium gastri leading to male infertility.

Tuberculosis of the genitourinary tract is a well-known cause of male infertility. However, infertility from infection by nontuberculous mycobacterium has not been reported. Herein, we present a case of seminal vesiculitis due to Mycobacterium gastri in a diabetic patient leading to male infertility. Improvement in semen quality was noticed after 6 months of therapy with isoniazid, ethambutol and rifampicin.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Ureterovaginal fistula: summary of 18 years' experience.

Ureterovaginal fistula is an uncommon complication of pelvic operations. We report 31 such cases seen over an 18-year period, all of which followed surgery for benign gynaecological conditions. Most patients had no urinary symptoms until the sudden onset of incontinence 1 to 4 weeks post-operatively. Diagnosis was established by a combination of intravenous urography, cystography, cystoscopy, retrograde ureteropyelography and dye studies. Twenty-nine patients underwent ureteroneocystostomy, 10 with a Boari flap and 19 by a direct method; fistulas healed in 2 patients following conservative treatment. Renal salvage was achieved in all cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Boari flap calycovesicostomy: a salvage procedure for giant hydronephrosis due to ureteropelvic junction obstruction.

The surgical management of two patients with giant hydronephrosis in a solitary kidney treated by Boari flap calycovesicostomy is presented. In one patient, this operation was done following unsuccessful previous pyeloplasty, while in the other this was done as the primary operation. Though free reflux was observed in both the cases, the refluxed contrast emptied satisfactorily after double voiding. No deterioration of renal function was noted during the follow-up period of 12 months.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Effect of intravesical instillation of varying doses of verapamil (20 mg, 40 mg, 80 mg) upon urinary bladder function in chronic traumatic paraplegics with overactive detrusor function.

The effect of intravesical instillation of verapamil was studied in eight chronic, traumatic paraplegics. Cystometry was performed before and 2 h after intravesical instillation of 20 mg of verapamil. After a gap of 10 days, the study was performed with 40 mg of verapamil and after an interval of another 10 days, the effect of intravesical instillation of 80 mg of verapamil was studied. No side-effects were observed after the intravesical administration of 20 mg, 40 mg or 80 mg of verapamil. The intravesical volume at detrusor reflex activity or at first uninhibited detrusor contraction (IV-DR) showed no significant change after intravesical instillation of 20 mg; but IV-DR increased from 90 +/- 22 ml to 131 +/- 21 ml (p less than 0.001) after intravesical instillation of 40 mg of verapamil. There was a significant increase in IV-DR from 96 +/- 23 ml to 242 +/- 35 ml after intravesical instillation of 80 mg of verapamil (p less than 0.001). There was no significant change in detrusor pressure at detrusor reflex activity or at first uninhibited detrusor contraction after intravesical instillation of 20 mg, 40 mg or 80 mg of verapamil. The frequency of voiding recorded before and one day after intravesical instillation of either 20 mg or 40 mg of verapamil showed no significant change. But the frequency of voiding recorded before and one day after intravesical instillation of 80 mg of verapamil showed a significant decrease from 19 +/- 2 to 8 +/- 1 (p less than 0.001).

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed1989

Circannual rhythmicity in the occurrence of idiopathic priapism in north-western India.

A group of 26 patients who were operated upon for idiopathic priapism between 1972 and 1986 were classified according to the date on which they attended hospital. During the same 15-year period 150 patients with penile cancer were treated and they served as controls. The data were analysed for circannual rhythmicity (365.25 days = 360 degrees and 0 degrees = 22 December. This revealed a significant circannual rhythmicity in the occurrence of idiopathic priapism, with the acrophase located on 2 August. There was a significantly higher incidence of idiopathic priapism between April and September.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

The loss of circadian rhythmicity of urinary solute excretion in idiopathic stone formers.

Circadian rhythmicity in urinary volume and excretion of creatinine, calcium, oxalate, uric acid and phosphate was studied in 15 idiopathic stone formers and in 17 control subjects who were age-matched, related adult males, living in the same house and engaged in similar occupations to those of the stone patients, but who had no clinically obvious stone disease. Three-hourly urine samples were collected and creatinine, calcium, oxalate, uric acid and inorganic phosphate were estimated. The time series of data were analysed by cosinor rhythmometry. Circadian rhythmicity has been described in urinary volume and urinary excretion of creatinine, calcium, oxalate, uric acid and inorganic phosphate in normal subjects, but it was not detected in the stone formers. The control subjects exhibited a circadian rhythmicity only in urinary volume and creatinine excretion. Thus they occupied a position midway between healthy adults, who exhibit circadian rhythmicity in all of the above parameters, and the stone formers, who appear to have lost it altogether.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Comparative study of the circadian rhythmicity in the urinary concentration of glycosaminoglycans in patients of calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis and in healthy adults.

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are potent inhibitors of calcium oxalate crystallisation and/or crystal aggregation. Urinary concentration of GAGs has been shown to vary during 24 h; therefore, circadian rhythmicity in urinary concentration of GAGs was investigated in 33 healthy male adults in the age group of 20-40 years and in 27 male patients of a similar age group with calcium nephrolithiasis. Three-hourly urine samples were collected for 24 h beginning from 00.00 h for estimation of urinary concentration of GAGs. The data of each patient was analysed by single cosinor rhythmometry and population mean-cosinor rhythmometry was then applied to each group. Twenty-four-hour urinary excretion of GAGs was significantly less in renal calculus patients (16.867 +/- 5.89 mumol) than in healthy subjects (22.588 +/- 5.32 mumol; p less than 0.001). A statistically validated circadian rhythm in urinary concentration of GAGs was demonstrated in both the groups. However, the amplitude-acrophase test revealed a significant difference between the two groups (F2,57 = 8.305; p less than 0.001); the amplitude was 2.354 mumol/l in patients with nephrolithiasis, whereas the amplitude was 7.028 mumol/l in healthy adults. The mesor test also revealed a significant difference in the 3-hour urinary concentration of GAGs between the two groups (18.536 mumol/l in healthy adults vs. 9.728 mumol/l in patients with nephrolithiasis). Thus in patients with nephrolithiasis, not only is the 24-hour urinary excretion of GAGs significantly low but the 3-hourly urinary concentration of GAGs is also significantly decreased as compared to healthy subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Postpyelolithotomy renal artery pseudo-aneurysm.

A case of pseudo-aneurysm arising from the posterior division of right renal artery following pyelolithotomy is presented. The patient presented with massive haematuria and flank mass 7 days after pyelolithotomy. Selective renal arteriography revealed large pseudo-aneurysm in relation to the posterior division of renal artery. Nephrectomy was necessitated to control the bleeding. The relevant literature is reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Comparative study of 24-hour urinary excretion of glycosaminoglycans by renal stone formers and healthy adults.

In order to find out the possible aetiological factors for urolithiasis in North-Western India, an endemic region for urinary calculi, we studied the 24-hour urinary excretion of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), inhibitors of calcium oxalate crystallisation and/or crystal aggregation, in 58 healthy adults and in 100 stone formers. GAGs were colorimetrically estimated in urine in terms of glucuronic acid content after precipitation of GAGs by cetyl pyridinium chloride. The 24-hour urinary excretion of GAGs was significantly less in stone formers as compared to healthy adults (15.32 +/- 6.94 vs. 22.44 +/- 5.54 mumol/day; p less than 0.001). There was no significant difference in the 24-hour urinary excretion of GAGs between male and female stone formers, or between male and female healthy adults. There was no correlation between age and 24-hour urinary excretion of GAGs in any of the groups. In conclusion, 24-hour urinary excretion of GAGs is significantly less both in male and in female stone formers. The 24-hour urinary excretion of GAGs is not related to age or sex in both healthy adults as well as in stone formers.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Control of persistent vesical bleeding due to radiation cystitis by intravesical application of 15 (S) 15-methyl prostaglandin F2-alpha.

A 45 year old female who received radiotherapy for stage II-B uterine cervical cancer four and half years ago, presented with persistent hematuria due to radiation cystitis. 15 (S)-15-methyl prostaglandin F2-alpha (1 mg in 100 ml of normal saline) was instilled into the bladder daily for two days. The severity of bleeding decreased considerably. However, significant hematuria recurred 19 days later which continued despite bladder irrigation with normal saline. 1 mg of 15 (S) 15-Me PGF2 alpha mixed with hydroxyethyl cellulose gel to a volume of 10 ml was then instilled into the urinary bladder daily for three days and macroscopic hematuria ceased. Urinary frequency and urgency were the side effects which lasted for ten days. There has been no recurrence of macroscopic hematuria during the five months follow-up. In conclusion, 15 (S) 15-Me PGF2-alpha may be administered intravesically to control moderate hematuria due to radiation cystitis.

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed1989

Serum gentamicin levels in traumatic paraplegics following intramuscular administration in non-paralyzed limbs.

Intramuscular administration of gentamicin in the paralyzed limb of subjects with spinal cord injury resulted in decreased maximum serum concentration, increased time to maximum serum concentration and decreased absorption rate constant. An investigation was, therefore, undertaken to study the serum gentamicin levels in paraplegics when it is administered intramuscularly in the non-paralyzed limb. Group 1 consisted of six male bed-ridden traumatic paraplegics with complete lesion at the level of T12-L1 and group 2 consisted of six healthy male adults. Following intramuscular administration of gentamicin (1.5 mg/kg) in deltoid muscle, blood samples were taken at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min for determination of serum gentamicin levels by solid-phase radioimmunoassay. Serum gentamicin levels at 15 min after drug administration were 2.2 +/- 0.78 micrograms/ml in group 1 and 4.81 +/- 0.94 micrograms/ml in group 2 (p less than 0.001); at 30 min, serum levels were 3.45 +/- 0.75 micrograms/ml in group 1 and 5.0 +/- 0.48 micrograms/ml in group 2 (p less than 0.01); at 45 min, serum gentamicin levels were 3.3 +/- 0.51 micrograms/ml in group 1 and 4.63 +/- 1.24 micrograms/ml in group 2 (p less than 0.05). There was no significant difference in serum gentamicin levels at 60, 90 and 120 min between the two groups. The maximum serum concentration was 3.8 +/- 0.56 micrograms/ml in group 1 and 5.43 +/- 0.94 micrograms/ml in group 2 (p less than 0.01). The area under the curves in groups 1 and 2 was 315 +/- 41.1 and 451.25 +/- 88.3, respectively (p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗