Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to S Vaidyanathan.
The possibility of massive venous hemorrhage after bilateral internal iliac artery ligation for postprostatectomy bleeding is illustrated by this case report. Emergency measures to differentiate the arterial from the venous sources of such a hemorrhage and their influence on the subsequent management are discussed.
A rare case of multiple urethral metastases from adenocarcinoma of prostate causing urinary retention is reported. The unique findings of the urethrogram are described. Transurethral resection provided symptomatic relief. No local recurrence of tumor was observed during the follow-up period of sixteen months.
A case of blowout of the colonic segment of a colocystoplasty at its free end owing to late development of bladder neck obstruction is described. Prostatitis and secondary bladder neck contracture provided further hindrance to the already inefficient voiding mechanism and predisposed to the rupture of the decompensated bowel loop. This is an extreme example of proof that the colonic loop, except as an improved substitute for an ileal segment, cannot withstand high intraluminal pressures generated in the presence of bladder outlet obstruction.
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The spectrum for the use of retrograde pyelography in renal failure has been narrowed further by extending the facility of infusion urography to anuric patients. The latter study has helped greatly in sifting apart pre-renal and renal anuria patients from those with obstructive uropathy. In obstructive anuria infusion urography has proved comprehensive in influencing judgment about the exact site and nature of obstruction, in affixing laterality towards the better functioning renal unit and in deciding a suitable definitive operation or planned staged procedures.
Subcapsular pyelolithotomy was performed in 28 patients who had earlier undergone either one or more operations in the same kidney for renal calculi. This approach was useful in salvaging the kidney even in the presence of dense perirenal and periureteric adhesions obscuring the normal anatomy of these structures. Serious consideration should be given to this procedure before making the decision to perform nephrectomy in such cases. Surgical technique and the results are discussed.
Dependent drainage of a lower pole pyelocaliceal diverticulum was achieved by uretero-diverticulostomy in eight patients who already had compromised renal function due to bilateral megaureters or posterior urethral valves. This procedure preserves all functional renal parenchyma and the ureteropelvic junction is left undisturbed. This is the first description of such a procedure for the treatment of lower polar pyelocaliceal diverticulum.
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Large vesicovaginal fistulae, particularly those associated with urethral loss, present formidable repair problems. Omentum, recognized for its role in resolving abdominal infection, is successfully used for pedicle grafts in these complex situations. The authors present their experience in 25 cases, describing modifications of an earlier procedure.
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is known to have potential for cost-effective monitoring of bioprocesses. Although this has been demonstrated in many instances and several models have been reported, information regarding the complexity of models required and their utility over extended periods of time is lacking. In the present study, the complexity of the models required for the NIRS prediction of substrate (oil) and product (tylosin) concentration in an industrial bioprocess that employs a physicochemically heterogeneous medium for antibiotic production was assessed. Measurements made by both the diffuse reflectance and transmittance modes were investigated. SEP values for the prediction of the analytes averaged 5% or less, for the successful models, when evaluated using an external validation set, 2 years after the initial model development exercise. Diffuse reflectance measurements showed poorer results, compared to transmittance measurements, especially for monitoring tylosin. In general, this investigation provides evidence to support the fact that models built for the prediction of analytes in a commercial bioprocess that employs a physicochemically complex production medium can be robust in performance over an extended period of time and that simple models based on fewer terms or latent variables can perform well, even in the context of matrices that are relatively complex. It also indicates that sample presentation is likely to be a critical factor in the successful application of NIRS in bioprocess monitoring, which merits further detailed investigation.
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Splenic cysts are very rare. They were traditionally treated by splenectomy. The recognition of post-splenectomy complications has led to emphasis on conservative techniques. We present a thirteen year old girl with epithelial splenic cyst treated by partial splenectomy. The post-operative CT scan after two weeks confirmed the residual splenic tissue.
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An investigation was undertaken to study the circadian rhythmicity in pulse rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, rectal temperature and urine output in eight traumatic tetraplegics in view of the fact that diurnal rhythmicity in prolactin response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone was absent in such patients. The data, analysed by single cosinor procedure, showed absence of rhythmicity in all five parameters. Analysis of variance also showed no significant difference in these parameters at various time points. Knowledge of the alterations in circadian biology subsequent to cervical spinal cord trauma would provide useful guidelines towards chronotherapy and vocational rehabilitation of tetraplegics besides possible restoration of euchronism by pharmacological means.