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Biomedical subjects

S V Iakovlev

Publications and source records attributed to S V Iakovlev.

50 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[Clinical trials of ofloxacin in sequential use (intravenous and oral) in patients with serious hospital infection].

Fifteen patients with severe hospital infections such as postoperative pneumonia or intraabdominal sepsis were treated with ofloxacin in a dose of 400 mg once a day for 7 to 14 days (11 days at the average). The drug was administered intravenously for the first 3-5 days and then orally till the end of the treatment course. The clinical effect was observed in 14 patients (93 per cent) and the positive bacteriological effect was stated in 11 out of 13 patients (85 per cent). Before the treatment 18 microbial cultures were isolated from the patients. 94 per cent of them was susceptible to ofloxacin. The isolates of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the most frequent. The treatment resulted in the eradication of 15 cultures (83 per cent). The adverse reactions were observed in 3 patients but only in 1 of them they were for certain due to the drug use. All the adverse reactions were insignificant or moderate and did not require the treatment discontinuation. The trials showed that ofloxacin was a highly efficient agent useful in the empirical monotherapy of patients with severe hospital infection.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1996

[Cefpirome--a fourth generation antibiotic for the treatment of severe hospital infections].

The efficacy of cefpirome was estimated in the treatment of 12 patients with severe hospital infection in the Municipal Hospital No. 7. The positive clinical effect at the background of the cefpirome use was recorded in 11 patients. The eradication of the primary pathogens was stated in 10 patients. 116 isolates were tested for their susceptibility to cefpirome. 92 per cent of the isolates from outpatients and 79 per cent of the isolates from inpatients proved to be susceptible to the antibiotic. The results of the cefpirome use in the treatment of patients with various infections in 6 hospitals of Moscow were analyzed. The positive clinical effect was observed in 103 out of 111 patients (93 per cent). The eradication of the primary pathogens was recorded in 90 out of 102 patients (88 per cent). In the treatment of the lower respiratory tract infection, urinary tract infection and surgical infection the positive clinical results were stated in 91, 95 and 96 per cent of the cases respectively. Insignificant or moderate side effects of the drug were observed in 17 patients. Discontinuation of the drug use because of the side effects was required in 2 of them. The results showed that the use of cefpirome in the monotherapy of various severe hospital infections was efficient and safe.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Lomefloxacin pharmacokinetics in patients in the terminal stage of chronic renal insufficiency, undergoing treatment with programmed hemodialysis].

The most frequent complications in patients with the terminal stage of chronic renal insufficiency are infections of various severity. The problem of the antibacterial therapy choice is especially urgent because of a high frequency of antibiotic resistant strains and the necessity to correct the treatment regimens in regard to the severity of the renal failure. The pharmacokinetics of lomefloxacin, a new fluoroquinolone, was studied in the treatment of patients with the terminal stage of chronic renal insufficiency treated by programmed hemodialysis. Lomefloxacin was administered orally in a dose of 400 mg at an interval of 48 hours 24 hours prior to the hemodialysis application. There was observed a decrease in the maximum serum concentration of the drug by comparison to that in healthy persons which could be due to slow absorption of the drug and hyperhydration in the patients because of anuria. In the treatment of such patients it is necessary to provide high serum concentrations of lomefloxacin attainable by using higher single doses of the drug.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed1991

[Clinical significance of arrhythmia in patients with hypertension].

Cardiac arrhythmias were studied in patients with essential hypertension in relation to their myocardial function. It was found that the arrhythmias occurring in the early period of the disease (borderline hypertension, Stage I hypertension) were primarily functional and affected the course of the disease and hemodynamics to a small degree. The life-threatening arrhythmias recorded in early hypertension were more commonly caused by mitral prolapse. The duration and severity of hypertension, development of left ventricular myocardial hypertrophy, myocardial fiber distension in relative heart failure play a decisive role in the development of cardiac arrhythmias in patients with Stage II hypertensive disease. It is essential to make comprehensive clinical and instrumental studies to clarify the genesis of the arrhythmic syndrome and to correctly choose the management policy in these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Use of nifedipine for treating heart failure in the subacute period of myocardial infarct in patients over 60].

The efficiency of nifedipine (an average daily dose of 34.7 +/- 0.2 mg) was examined in 19 patients between 60 and 81 years of age, with myocardial infarction aggravated by heart failure. Single and repeated nifedipine doses taken for 2 weeks produced a 7% drop in arterial BP, a 25% drop in peripheral resistance and a 18% rise in the cardiac index, mostly due to a 17% increase in the stroke index. A significant prolongation of left-ventricular ejection time and an improvement of myocardial contractility were due to smaller poststress and easier left-ventricular blood ejection. Nifedipine improved hemodynamic response to isometric handgrip exercise: peripheral resistance was lower, and the stroke and cardiac indices were higher at the peak of exercise after nifedipine administration, as compared to pretreatment values. Nifedipine is an effective agent for the treatment of postinfarction heart failure accompanied with high peripheral resistance.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

[Problems of the relationship of the therapeutic effect and the concentration of drugs in the blood].

Certain approaches to analysis of the drug concentration-response relationship based on the mechanism of the effect realization and the results of their clinical trials are discussed. The studies are exemplified by a model for quantitative analysis of the concentration-response relationship developed for diuretics and by the results of the clinical trial of the principle of the maximum providing prediction of the steady-state level of the drugs in blood and estimation of the drug effect.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

[Pharmacokinetics of digoxin in middle-aged and elderly patients in the subacute period of myocardial infarction].

Elderly and old patients with subacute myocardial infarction showed elevated gastrointestinal digoxin absorption rates and a tendency to increased bioavailability of the drug, as compared to similar parameters in infarction-free patients of the same age, so that blood digoxin peaks were higher in the former. The demonstrated absorption changes may be related to limited physical activity of the myocardial infarction patients examined. Digoxin pharmacokinetic patterns are analysed with reference to baseline myocardial contractility.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1986

[Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic approaches to optimization of the use of digoxin in the subacute period of myocardial infarction in late middle-age and elderly patients].

The efficiency of digoxin in elderly and old patients with subacute myocardial infarction is dependent on the original disorders of left-ventricular systolic phase structure. Changes in systolic phase structural parameters in the presence of supporting digoxin therapy show correspondence to changes of these parameters in response to a single digoxin dose. Digoxin's positive inotropic effect was similar in patients with the sinus rhythm and those with atrial fibrillation. The positive inotropic action of digoxin is not associated with a negative chronotropic effect in patients with sinus rhythm and normal heart rate.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Lemofloxacin: antimicrobial ability and clinico-pharmacokinetic basis for use in urogenital infections].

Lomefloxacin, as other fluoroquinolones, is a drug of choice in the treatment of uncomplicated urinary infections (acute cystitis, pyclonephritis) in outpatient practice. The advantage of lomefloxacin consists in a single-dose regimen (400 mg with 24-h interval). A course of acute cystitis lasts 3 days, acute pyelonephritis--10-14 days. Lomefloxacin is also the first-line drug in exacerbation of mild or moderate chronic pyclonephritis in hospitals and outpatient clinics. Fluoroquinolones are now most effective in management of acute or exacerbation of chronic bacterial prostatitis. Optimal lomefloxacin regimen in prostatitis is 400 mg with 24-h interval for one month. For prevention of postoperative suppuration in prostatic resection lomefloxacin is given in a single dose 400 mg 3-6 hours prior to operation. If operation is to be performed in the presence of urinary infection or prostatitis, lomefloxacin should be taken for 5-7 days before surgery.

Anti-Infective Agents↗