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S Usui

Publications and source records attributed to S Usui.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Continuous recording of plasma sodium concentration and blood volume in awake rats.

A new continuous measuring system for blood sodium concentration and blood volume in conscious rats is described. A small extracorporeal circulation was made and the blood was passed through a sodium sensitive glass electrode and a gamma-counter. Applying the system to conscious rats, the effect of various salinities of drinking water was detected from the change in blood sodium concentration.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Effects of intraventricular injection of anti-DSIP serum on sleep in rats].

Endogenous delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) has not been demonstrated to be necessary for sleep, although the administration of DSIP has been reported to increase sleep in several mammalian species. The purpose of the present study is to examine whether the immunological neutralization of endogenous DSIP in the brain can modulate sleep in unanesthetized rats. A high titer of the rabbit antiserum specific for the C-terminal of DSIP was used. Sixteen male SD rats were chronically implanted with electrodes for EEG and EMG and with a cannula into the lateral ventricle. The rats were injected with anti-DSIP (ADS) or normal rabbit serum as a control at 10 microliter for 10 min immediately before the onset of the light or dark period, and thereafter the polygraphic recordings were performed for a 24-hr period. The records were scored in 30-sec epochs by visual inspection into 3 stages; wakefulness, slow wave sleep (SWS), and paradoxical sleep (PS). ADS exerted no significant effect on the latencies of SWS and PS after injection in the light or dark period. For SWS and PS, neither the distributions measured each 10 min for the first 4 hr nor the hourly distributions for 24 hr were affected by ADS. The first 12-hr amounts of SWS and PS were also unaffected by ADS. These results may suggest the possibility that endogenous DSIP in the cerebrospinal fluid and/or the periventricular tissues is not responsible for sleep.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Guinea-pig liver testosterone 17 beta-dehydrogenase (NADP+) and aldehyde reductase exhibit benzene dihydrodiol dehydrogenase activity.

We have kinetically and immunologically demonstrated that testosterone 17 beta-dehydrogenase (NADP+) isoenzymes (EC 1.1.1.64) and aldehyde reductase (EC 1.1.1.2) from guinea-pig liver catalyse the oxidation of benzene dihydrodiol (trans-1,2-dihydroxycyclohexa-3,5-diene) to catechol. One isoenzyme of testosterone 17 beta-dehydrogenase, which has specificity for 5 beta-androstanes, oxidized benzene dihydrodiol at a 3-fold higher rate than 5 beta-dihydrotestosterone, and showed a more than 4-fold higher affinity for benzene dihydrodiol and Vmax. value than did another isoenzyme, which exhibits specificity for 5 alpha-androstanes, and aldehyde reductase. Immunoprecipitation of guinea-pig liver cytosol with antisera against the testosterone 17 beta-dehydrogenase isoenzymes and aldehyde reductase indicated that most of the benzene dihydrodiol dehydrogenase activity in the tissue is due to testosterone 17 beta-dehydrogenase.

17-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases↗
PubMed1984

Purification and characterization of two forms of microsomal carbonyl reductase in guinea pig liver.

Two forms of microsomal carbonyl reductase, solubilized in Triton X-100, were purified to homogeneity from the liver of male guinea pigs, primarily by affinity, DEAE-Sephacel, gel-filtration and hydroxyapatite chromatography. The major form was a tetrameric glycoprotein of single subunits of Mr 32000 and a pI value of 7.0; another minor form was a monomeric protein with Mr 34000 and a pI value of 7.8. The enzymes were immunologically distinct. Although the enzymes showed similar substrate specificity for exogenous aldehydes and ketones and apparently absolute cofactor specificity for NADPH, their specificity for natural carbonyl compounds differed. The major form irreversibly reduced 5 alpha- and 5 beta-dihydrotestosterones, menadione and lauryl aldehyde with low Km values of 10-70 microM, whereas the minor form not only reduced 17-oxosteroids, of which 3 alpha-hydroxy-5 beta-androstan-17-one was the best substrate, but also oxidized 17-hydroxysteroids in the presence of NADP+. The two forms of carbonyl reductase also exhibited different sensitivity to heavy metal ions, dicoumarol, tetramethyleneglutaric acid, phenobarbitone and corticosteroids.

Alcohol Oxidoreductases↗
PubMed1984

Immunological identification of soluble carbonyl reductase with testosterone 17 beta-dehydrogenase (NADP+) in guinea pig liver and kidney.

Antiserum was produced against one of two carbonyl reductases purified from guinea pig liver cytosol to identify the enzymes as testosterone 17 beta-dehydrogenase isozymes. Immunoelectrophoresis and immunoprecipitation with the antiserum indicated that the two reductases had common antigenic sites. The antiserum inhibited most of both carbonyl reductase and testosterone 17 beta-dehydrogenase activities in the purified reductases and in cytosols of liver and kidney.

17-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases↗
PubMed1984

Infantile autism and Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

We report a boy with autism and Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Myopathy was noted after 2 years of age and has since progressed slowly. At present this autistic child, 11 years 4 months old, has shown no signs of deterioration.

Autistic Disorder↗
PubMed1984

[Nutritional management of patients with cirrhosis after hepatectomy].

Nutritional management for the patients with cirrhosis after hepatectomy was studied. Based on the experimental results, 1-1.5g/kg/day of branched chain amino acid (BCAA) enriched solution with 30 kcal/kg/day of glucone was given to the cirrhotic patients after hepatectomy for 10-14 days. Sodium and total fluid volume were strictly restricted. Elemental diet for liver failure (ED-H) was started to give within 7 days after surgery for 6-21 days. High relationships were observed between preoperative nutritional status such as prealbumin and retinol binding protein (RBP) and incidence of postoperative complications, suggesting that postoperative nutritional supply was very important. Changes of albumin, hepaplastin test and prothrombin time were rather good and the BCAA to aromatic amino acids molar ratio was maintained high when nutritional management was performed. Overall one and two year survival rates were 74% (20/27) and 36% (5/14), respectively. No significant difference was seen between the prognoses of the patients with and without liver dysfunction. Immediate postoperative nutritional management must be essential to get over critical stage safely and long-term nutritional supply may be necessary to get better prognosis.

Hepatectomy↗
PubMed1984

[The role of radiotherapy in the management of cancer of digestive organs: the liver, bile tract and pancreas].

Until February 1984, 75 patients have undergone radiotherapy using the following two methods: 1. During surgery, electron 3000 rads were given. 2. For external irradiation, X-ray or fast neutron was given with a TDF (time dose and fractionation factor) of 80-110. Hepatocellular carcinoma: There were 14 patients including 6 preoperative irradiation and 8 unresectable cases. Improvements were obtained image diagnostically in 9 of 13 patients. Serum AFP level decreased in 6 of 8 patients. And the resected specimens revealed degeneration or necrosis of the cancer tissue. Radiotherapy can given beneficial effect to the patients with tumor emboli within the portal vein, or even disappearance of the tumor emboli sometimes could be seen. Bile duct carcinoma: There were 30 patients including 12 with intraoperative irradiation. 2 irradiated during surgery and external irradiation, and 16 with external irradiation. More than 1-year survivals observed in 6 of 18 unresectable cases. The longest survival of non-curative operation was 6.5 years with treatment. Pancreas carcinoma: There were 31 patients including 29 unresectable and 2 resectable cases. Prolongation of survival time in unresectable patients was not obtained with an interval of 5 months at 50% survival rate. But some clinical complaints were relieved. We concluded that radiotherapy is useful to improve surgical curability by decreasing the cancer cell viability, to give a wider surgical indication if portal tumor emboli can be eliminated, to prevent early tumor recurrence, and to give some beneficial effects to unresectable or recurrent patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[The role of endoscopic lithotomy in the treatment of intrahepatic stones].

Although hepatolithiasis is a benign disease, its treatment is still the most difficult one in medical field. Before 1977, we had tried bilioenterostomy at the porta hepatis to expect spontaneous dislodgement of stones. However their results were very poor because of frequent occurrence of cholangitis which leads to hepatic failure or death in 8 of 15 patients. From 1977 to 1981, 35 patients had undergone postoperative cholangioscopy (POC). Complete stone removal was obtained in 24 patients. There were 13 difficult local problems in the remaining 11 patients including 6 being too narrow to permit the passage of the fiberscope, 3 having stones incarcerated, 3 having abnormal distribution of biliary tract and one being a missed stone. From 1981, we have carried out percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopic lithotomy (PTCL) for the treatment of intrahepatic stones in 16 patients. Because abnormal distribution of biliary tract can be easily detected by PTC and incarcerated stones can be made into small pieces before removal following LASER application. We had succeeded in complete stone removal in 12 patients. 2 patients needed biliary reconstruction or liver resection after PTCL. We concluded that for treatment of the disease of intrahepatic stone PTCL should be considered as the first choice before surgery in order to avoid unnecessary hepatic resection or biliary reconstruction.

Adult↗