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Biomedical subjects

S Umeki

Publications and source records attributed to S Umeki.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

New synthetic quinolone antibacterial agents and serum concentration of theophylline.

The effect of pipemidic acid and five new synthetic antibacterial agents--norfloxacin, enoxacin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and pefloxacin--on the serum level of theophylline was studied in healthy male adult volunteers after concomitant oral administration of these agents with a slow release preparation of theophylline. The results indicated that enoxacin, ciprofloxacin, and pipemidic acid might decrease the clearance of theophylline in the liver, and the attention should be paid in clinical use when enoxacin or pipemidic acid is coadministered with theophylline.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Significance of increased serum elastase 1 level during the hyperosmolar hyperglycemic non-ketotic syndrome.

An alteration in the serum elastase 1 level in a previously non-diabetic patient, who unfortunately developed the hyperosmolar hyperglycemic non-ketotic syndrome (HHNS), was observed after intravenous hyperalimentation for 6 days. The patient underwent the therapy because of the occurrence of severe persistent anorexia which appeared as a side effect of treatment of lung cancer with combined anticancer drugs. In parallel with progressive dehydration, levels of serum elastase 1 and urine glucose became greatly elevated at an earlier stage of HHNS. A slight increase in serum alpha 1-antitrypsin was observed. However, there were no significant changes in serum amylase activity and serum alpha 2-macroglobulin level before or during HHNS. The elevation of the serum elastase 1 level was considered to be due to serum electrolyte abnormalities and the defect of serum alpha 2-macro-globulin elevation. Rehydration therapy with half-normal saline solution immediately produced negative urine glucose, but the serum elastase 1 level only gradually normalized after improvement of HHNS.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Concentrations of superoxide dismutase and superoxide anion in blood of patients with respiratory infections and compromised immune systems.

To investigate the involvement of oxygen free radicals and their scavenger systems in the defenses of compromised hosts against pulmonary infections, we determined superoxide anion (SOA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1) concentrations in the blood of compromised hosts and noncompromised hosts, with or without pneumonia. In the compromised hosts without pneumonia (compromised controls), SOD concentrations were lower than in noncompromised hosts (healthy controls). However SOA values in compromised controls did not differ statistically from that in healthy controls. Similar changes were observed in noncompromised hosts with pneumonia. In compromised hosts with pneumonia, SOD concentrations were further decreased by pulmonary infections. By contrast, SOA values were increased in pneumonia. There were, however, no differences in the values for ceruloplasmin among all the groups. The values for alpha 2-macroglobulin and alpha1-antitrypsin were within normal limits in compromised controls but were greater in compromised hosts with pneumonia. These results suggest that a decreased activity concentration of SOD in compromised controls may be partly responsible for the depression of the host's immune defenses.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Oral zinc therapy normalizes serum uric acid level in Wilson's disease patients.

The authors investigated changes in the serum uric acid (s-UrA) level seen in a Wilson's disease patient who had to undergo oral zinc therapy because of the occurrence of D-penicillamine-induced acute sensitivity reactions, including neutrophilic agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, and skin eruptions. Although s-UrA levels were low before oral zinc therapy (mean +/- SD, 1.60 +/- 0.20), they increased (mean +/- SD, 2.63 +/- 0.32) to within normal range (2.8-8.0 mg/dl) after therapy. There were no significant changes in the renal tubular reabsorption of UrA during oral zinc therapy. This therapy also produced an improvement of the decreased cholinesterase (ChE) values usually seen in Wilson's disease. These results suggest that oral zinc therapy can normalize UrA metabolism in Wilson's disease by improving liver dysfunction and increasing UrA synthesis.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1986

Sterol manipulation that modulates the alteration in membrane fluidity of Tetrahymena pyriformis during temperature acclimation.

Our previous results [Umeki and Nozawa (1983) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 113, 96-101] suggested that ergosterol-replaced Tetrahymena cells (ergosterol-cells) accomplish an adaptive modification of fatty-acid composition by a preferential increase in palmitoyl-CoA desaturase activity, which is principally due to the increased content of the terminal component (cyanide-sensitive factor) of the desaturase system. The present study was designed to obtain information as to how the membrane fluidity of ergosterol-cells is changed during cold temperature acclimation. The order parameter (S) of liposomes prepared from ergosterol-cell lipids was reduced more rapidly after a temperature shift-down than that of control liposomes prepared from native cells containing tetrahymanol. These results indicate that, unlike native cells containing tetrahymanol, ergosterol-cells strive to accomplish cold temperature acclimation by undergoing a great modification of membrane fluidity because of the altered microsomal desaturase activity.

Acclimatization↗
PubMed1986

Effect of local anesthetics on stearoyl-CoA desaturase of Tetrahymena microsomes.

The effect of local anesthetics on the stearoyl-CoA desaturase activity was studied using Tetrahymena microsomal preparation. Dibucaine, tetracaine, and propranolol, a beta-blocking agent, nonspecifically inhibited the activities of NADPH-ferrihemoprotein reductase as well as of stearoyl-CoA desaturase and the terminal component, but lidocaine and procaine had no effect on these activities. The inhibitory potency was decreased in the order of dibucaine greater than propranolol greater than tetracaine much greater than lidocaine = procaine. According to the double-reciprocal plots of stearoyl-CoA desaturase, the inhibition by dibucaine appeared to be noncompetitive with respect to stearoyl-CoA as substrate. However, the activity of NADH-ferricyanide reductase was not significantly affected by concentrations of propranolol and tetracaine lower than 10mM, but by dibucaine. The terminal component, cyanide-sensitive factor, was most sensitive to local anesthetics among the microsomal electron transport components, suggesting a rate-limiting enzyme.

Anesthetics, Local↗
PubMed1986

Angiotensin I level and sporadic hypokalemic periodic paralysis.

A patient with secondary (sporadic type) hypokalemic periodic paralysis with relative hypertension had reninism with a high concentration of plasma angiotensin I (ANG-I) but no hyperaldosteronism or high angiotensin II value. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity was usually normal. Results of other hormonal analyses were also normal. However, the glomerular filtration rate and filtration fraction of the kidneys were greatly elevated. Despite severe hypokalemia, the patient's potassium clearance was high. No evidence of distinct hyperplasia of the juxtaglomerular cells was obtained. These results suggest that decreased affinity of ACE to the substrate ANG-I (so-called ACE dysfunction syndrome) produced the reninism and high concentration of plasma ANG-I, and that the latter induced an increase in the glomerular filtration rate of the kidneys with sequential occurrence of secondary hypokalemic periodic paralysis.

Adolescent↗