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Biomedical subjects

S Uchiyama

Publications and source records attributed to S Uchiyama.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[Clinical assessment of serum intestine type alkaline phosphatase using Japan Society of Clinical Chemistry (JSCC) recommended method--assessment of JSCC recommended method followed by indoxylphosphate staining].

We assessed a clinical usefulness of JSCC (Japan Society of Clinical Chemistry) recommended method for the measurement of serum alkaline phosphatase. The recommended method is completely correlated both in the liver-bone and intestine isoenzymes with Kind-King method recommended by the expert panel of liver function tests in Japanese Society of Gastroenterology. On the other hand, mixed tests of liver-bone and intestine isoenzyme completely show the full recovery at any combinations of both enzymes using indoxylphosphate isoenzyme staining method. These results indicated that the quantitative analysis of blood alkaline phosphatase is possible employing the combination of JSCC recommended and indoxylphosphate staining methods. Employing these combinations, we could effectively assess the pathophysiological significance of intestine alkaline phosphatase appeared in liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1993

[The significance of cervical collaterals in the subclavian steal phenomenon].

The subclavian steal syndrome (SSS) is often associated with occlusive disease involving the subclavian or innominate arteries, but an asymptomatic subclavian steal, called the "subclavian steal phenomenon" (SSP), is not uncommon. Though intracranial collaterals had been postulated as one of the etiologies for the SSP's being asymptomatic, little has been accomplished in the investigation of extracranial channels. To study the hemodynamic role of cervical collateral channels, an angiographical study was done in three cases with SSP. The three cases were admitted to the hospital because of carotid ischemic symptoms, such as right hemiplegia or sensory aphasia. Each case had a blood pressure difference between the two arms, but in all of them the past history or the exercise test was negative for vertebrobasilar or arm ischemia. On angiography, occlusions of the unilateral proximal subclavian artery, the left in case 1 and the right in case 2, or a tight stenosis of the innominate artery was found in case 3. In each case, the vertebral artery flow in the affected side was inverted, siphoning off from the opposite vertebral artery into the affected subclavian artery. In addition to the vertebral siphoning; muscular branches of ipsilateral external carotid origin in cases 1 and 2, or the thyrocervical trunk via the inferior thyroid artery in case 3 was also found to function as a collateral channel to the vertebral artery on the affected side.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Measurement of friction between pulley and flexor tendon.

When tendon excursion takes place through the pulley, friction and drag are encountered at the interface. Repetitive exposure to such friction and attrition of the tendon has been considered one of the important factors causing cumulative trauma and leading to disorders such as tendinitis and tenosynovitis. In this study, development of an experimental method to evaluate friction and drag between the pulley and tendon under different loading conditions and joint configurations is considered. Verification of the model under an ideal situation of sutures across a mechanical pulley was performed.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1993

[Clinical investigation of striatocapsular infarction].

We investigated the clinical profile, etiological factors, neuropsychological features and radiological characteristics of 17 cases of striatocapsular infarction (SCI). SCI was defined as the following CT criteria: the area of infarction included the internal capsule and striatum, the maximum diameter of the lesion exceeded 2.0 cm without cortical involvement. There were 9 men and 8 women with mean age of 58 years. Five patients had lesions mainly involving the caudate head (anterior type) and the other 12 had lesions mainly involving the putamen (lateral type), 6 with left side lesion and 6 with right side lesion. Motor weakness was observed in all patients, and the upper extremities were preferentially involved, while in 9 patients face, upper and lower extremities were simultaneously involved. Etiological investigation revealed that 8 patients were cardioembolic stroke, 2 were artery-to-artery embolism and 2 were MCA stem occlusive disease, while the remaining 5 were undetermined. When compared with patients with lacunar infarction (LI), patients with SCI had significantly more frequent cardioembolic sources (47% vs 17%, p < 0.05) and less frequent hypertension (41% vs 80%, p < 0.01). In acute phase, neuropsychological abnormalities were found in 15 patients. Anterior type patients had psychiatric symptoms such as abulia, depression and agitation, while left lateral type patients had aphasia and right lateral type patients had hemispatial neglect or anosognosia. These symptoms gradually improved, although in most patients subtle abnormalities lasted over chronic phase. In 11 out of 13 patients who underwent SPECT using 99mTc-HMPAO, blood flow was decreased in overlying cerebral cortex besides the infarcted area.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[A case of diagnostic dyspraxia without ideomotor apraxia by callosal lesion].

A case of diagnostic dyspraxia was reported. A 57-year-old right handed male had been suffering from the lack of cooperation between his right and left hands for six months. Except for decreased deep tendon reflexes in all extremities, there were no abnormal findings on neurological examination. On neuropsychological examination, he was attentive, well orientated and his spontaneous speech, comprehension, naming, repetition and reading were intact. There was peculiar dissociative behavior between his right and left hands. For instance, he put a cigarette or coin in the pocket with his right hand then his left hand took out and replaced them, and he buttoned his shirts with his right hand but then unbuttoned with his left hand. These left hand oppositional behavior to his right hand were triggered by voluntary activities of his right hand. Left unilateral agraphia was also revealed but ideomotor apraxia, compulsive manipulation of tools and grasp reflex were not demonstrated. T1-weighted MRI demonstrated irregular low signal intensity areas extending from the genu to the body of the corpus callosum. No definite lesion was detected in the medial aspect of the frontal lobe. Only small numbers of diagnostic dyspraxia have been reported and such cases without ideomotor apraxia or medial frontal lesion are even rare. MRI is very useful for detecting the lesion of the corpus callosum.

Apraxias↗
PubMed1992

Problems related to dorsal root entry zone lesions.

Several clinical problems related to the dorsal root entry zone lesions (DREZLs) in 15 patients with chronic pain are presented and discussed in terms of ratings of pain relief following surgery, development of sensory or motor weakness and postmortem histologies. Subjective pain relief exceeding 70% was achieved at around 2 weeks after the operations in most patients (13/15), and then decreased in some to 30 from 70% in the follow-up observations. Our new "objective" pain relief score was tested in these patients. A significant positive correlation between subjective pain relief and our objective pain relief scale was found, but some discrepancies between them were also found during the follow-up. Sensory loss, motor weakness, paraesthesia and a new pain were found as complications in 12, 7, 4 and 6 patients, respectively. Postmortem histological findings of the spinal cord in two patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and uterine cancer, who received bilateral DREZLs twice and bilateral DREZLs plus commissural myelotomy, respectively, indicate that care should be taken to avoid extension of the coagulation beyond the dorsal horn.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Determination of the molecular weights of ribonuclease isozymes in a cell-free crude extract of Dictyostelium discoideum, by activity-staining of gels after SDS-PAGE.

1. In a previous report we described three isozymes of intracellular ribonuclease in Dictyostelium discoideum, which were found in vegetative cells. Here we report that the molecular weights of the three isozymes from vegetative cells. 2. They are 14.3 kDa, 60 kDa and 80 kDa, as determined by activity-staining of gels after SDS-PAGE. 3. For renaturation of ribonucleolytic activity from D. discoideum cells after SDS-PAGE, fibrinogen-containing gels were used and gels were washed in aqueous isopropanol to remove detergent. Results of studies by this method suggest that each of these isozymes is composed of only a single polypeptide. 4. The effect of the buffer system on this technique is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Generation of active oxygen species in vitro by the interaction of potassium bromate with rat kidney cell.

Active oxygen species derived from the interaction of potassium bromate (KBrO3), a rat renal carcinogen, with cells from rat kidney and other organs were examined by electron spin resonance spectrometry using the spin trapping agents 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO) and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine (TEMP). DMPO-OH, an indicator of hydroxyl radical production, was generated from KBrO3 by kidney cells or homogenate, but not by liver preparations and to only a limited extent by heart and brain homogenates, suggesting relative kidney specificity. To assess what chemical components are responsible for production of DMPO-OH, several physiologically related materials were examined. Glucose, saccharose, albumin and methyl linolate were found not to be involved in the KBrO3 reaction, but reduced glutathione and also ferric ions participated to produce DMPO-OH. In addition, DMPO-OH production derived from the reaction of KBrO3 with kidney homogenate was not affected by superoxide dismutase, catalase or hydroxyl radical scavengers such as DMSO or ethanol, but was effectively inhibited by singlet oxygen scavengers such as histidine and NaN3, implying singlet oxygen production. To assess this possibility, TEMP was used as a trapping agent, and TEMPO, derived from singlet oxygen, was found to be produced by the reaction of KBrO3 with homogenates of kidney, but not of liver. Furthermore, singlet oxygen production was confirmed by studies of chemiluminescence using 2-methyl-6-phenyl-3,7-dihydroimidazo[1,2a]pyrazine-3-one. As a control, DMPO-OH was also demonstrated to be produced by a known singlet oxygen source, toluidine blue plus light. The results thus indicate that singlet oxygen is a very probably candidate for the active oxygen species generated in the specific interaction of KBrO3 with rat kidney cells in vitro. This raises the question of its concern with renal carcinogenicity in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Risk factors of cerebro-cardiovascular events in treated hypertensive male workers in the fifth decade].

The relationship between cerebro-cardiovascular events (CCE) and work-related factors was examined in a cohort of 899 treated hypertensive men who were aged 50-59 yr and working more than 7 portal to portal hours (PPH). During the follow-up of 2.8 yr (2,513 person-years), 27 cases of CCEs occurred, which were classified into 18 cases of stroke, 7 cases of acute myocardial infarction, and 2 cases of others. Using univariate analysis, it was found that managerial position and long PPH (more than 11 h) were significantly related to CCE (relative risk of 3.0 and 2.2, respectively) as well as risk factors such as emaciation, left ventricular hypertrophy, excessive sleeping hours, obesity, cigarette smoking, and inadequate control of systolic blood pressure. Using Cox proportional hazards general model, both managerial position and long PPH remained independently related to the risk of CCE (hazards ratio and 95% confidence interval, 4.1; 1.7-10.0 and 2.7; 1.1-6.2, respectively), after adjustment for other risk factors. These findings suggested that work-related factors, such as managerial position and long PPH, are independent risk factors of CCE among treated hypertensive male workers in the fifth decade.

Antihypertensive Agents↗
PubMed1992

Detection of neuromuscular junctions on isolated branched muscle fibers: application of nitric acid fiber digestion method for scanning electron microscopy.

Three-dimensional morphology and neuromuscular junctions of the branched muscle fibers of the rat skeletal muscles isolated from the rat were examined by application of the nitric acid digestion method for scanning electron microscopy. Treatment with fifteen percent nitric acid and a supersonic wave bath were effective in isolating the branched muscle fibers and for detecting their innervations by scanning electron microscopy. Mean numbers of total and branched fibers in the rat plantaris muscles were 11,130 +/- 314 and 32.4 +/- 4.8 (n = 12), respectively. Bifurcation of these fibers resembled either the letter X (X type) or letter Y (Y type). The Y type fibers were most frequently seen (84% of total branched fibers), and X types accounted for 14%. The remaining 2% of the fibers were subtypes of X and Y with overlapping bifurcation. These branched fibers were differentiated by their length from the bifurcated point, i.e., short, medium and long branches. Neuromuscular junctions on these branched fibers were located almost at the center of their length. The number of innervations was decided by the number of bifurcating fibers across the central part of the length.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Determination of nicarbazin in imported chicken].

The confirmation and quantitative analysis of nicarbazin (NCZ) in imported chickens were made by high performance liquid chromatography equipped with a photodiode array detector. The results showed that 1 out of 7 chicken samples contained over 30 ng/g of NCZ. The concentrations of NCZ varied from 10 to 120 ng/g according to the parts of the NCZ positive chicken samples.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

A weight-lifting exercise model for inducing hypertrophy in the hindlimb muscles of rats.

A new method for strength-training of rat hindlimb muscles, comparable to human weight lifting, is compared with sprint training by a treadmill. The new training apparatus that can induce rats to perform human squats was designed. Squat training was composed of isotonic high-intensity, short-duration, and graded overload exercises. After 60 min of one bout of all-out squat and sprint training, serum creatine kinase activities were markedly increased in the squat group (P less than 0.001), but no significant changes were observed in the sprint group. These responses were reflected in the histological sections of the muscles. Some splitting and small fibers were observed only in the squat group, suggesting that different stimulations were applied to the muscles of both the squat and sprint groups. At the end of 12 wk of both types of training, performed 4-5 d.wk-1, the number of fibers in the plantaris muscles of the squat group was greater by 14% than that in the control and sprint groups (P less than 0.001), suggesting hyperplasia following hypertrophy. These results indicated that the muscle strength-training model presented here may provide a new insight into the muscle hypertrophy associated with hyperplasia induced by heavy resistance training.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Three distinctive activities of human triceps surae muscle during the stance phase in treadmill walking and running.

Activity of human triceps surae muscle (TS) during locomotion was investigated in relation to the muscle shortening and lengthening contractions. Length changes in the TS were presumed from its girth recorded using a mercury-in-silastic gauge wrapped around the muscle belly. The muscle girth during the stance phase resulted in three peaks corresponding to the actions of heel contact, weight support and toe kick. These peak heights were apparently larger than the girth level in the perpendicular standing posture. Three girth increases in running appeared in the process of ankle dorsiflexion. During walking, girth increases on weight support and toe kick were seen in the same phase. The TS through the stance phase is considered to always contract into a shortening state less than the muscle length in the perpendicular standing posture. These muscle activities are probably imposed to resist the muscle stretching. Therefore, it was suggested that the TS contracts eccentrically, with no lengthening contraction.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Antiplatelet effect of clopidogrel].

Clopidogrel is a new thieno-pyridine derivative and has a more potent inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation, dependent on ADP rather than ticlopidine. In a phase I study performed in Japan, significant inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation and prolongation of bleeding time was observed in the dose range of 25, 50 and 75 mg. These effects were comparable to 200 or 300 mg of ticlopidine. Antithrombotic effects have also been shown in experimental animal models. Clopidogrel is expected to reduce the incidence of neutropenia since smaller doses are sufficient to suppress platelet aggregation compared to ticlopidine. Clopidogrel has been proven to be a potent and well-tolerated antiplatelet agent for atherosclerosis patients at risk of thrombosis, in Europe.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗