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Biomedical subjects

S Turner

Publications and source records attributed to S Turner.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Radiation therapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal vestibule.

PURPOSE: A retrospective review of carcinomas of the nasal vestibule seen at the Queensland Radium Institute over a 30-year period was undertaken. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Twenty-nine patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal vestibule who were treated with curative intent between 1960 and 1989 were analyzed. The 5-year actuarial survival and disease-free survival were 64% and 61%, respectively. RESULTS: Seven patients were treated with combined modality treatment using surgery and post-operative radiotherapy and 22 were treated with radiation alone. The ultimate local control for those treated with combined modality treatment was 66% and for those treated with radiation alone was 68%. The 5-year actuarial survival was 57% and 67%, respectively. CONCLUSION: In view of the similar local control rates and 5-year survival in the two groups, we suggest that combined modality treatment may not be warranted in the initial treatment of patients with these tumors. Radiation treatment alone with salvage surgery would appear to be the treatment of choice.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1993

Malignant spinal cord compression: a prospective evaluation.

PURPOSE: To determine the influence of treatment on ambulancy, pain control and functional outcome of patients with Malignant Spinal Cord Compression. METHODS AND MATERIALS: One hundred and thirty-seven patients with Malignant Spinal Cord Compression presenting or referred to the Department of Radiation Oncology, Westmead Hospital between August 1, 1989 and August 1, 1990 were studied prospectively. Patients were treated with palliative radiation therapy alone, surgery followed by radiotherapy or surgery alone. Two patients were not treated. Post-treatment outcome was assessed in terms of ambulatory status, improvement in pain and functional independence using the Functional Independence Measure. RESULTS: Thirteen of 16 patients (81%) who were ambulant pre-treatment remained ambulant after treatment. Two of 16 patients (16.5%) who were non-ambulant pre-treatment became ambulant following treatment. Pain improved following treatment in 22 of 30 patients (73%). This benefit was seen equally for ambulant and non-ambulant patients. A high level of functional independence was maintained in patients who remained ambulant. CONCLUSION: We conclude that prompt treatment of patients with Malignant Spinal Cord Compression while still able to walk is effective in maintaining ambulancy and functional independence, and that treatment improves pain in most patients.

Female↗
PubMed1993

Epitopes on the CB-11 peptide of type II collagen recognized by antibodies from patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Using the technique of epitope scanning, the binding sites of antibodies to the CB-11 peptide of type II collagen, which is known to induce an inflammatory arthritis in animal models, have been investigated. Sera from seven patients have been tested against 272 peptides representing the CB-11 sequence, each patient produced a different profile of antibody binding and a number of epitopes have been identified. The specific nature of this binding has been established by the reduction in binding by absorption with type II collagen. The reactivity of sera from a further 13 patients, to peptides representing the two most frequently recognized epitopes, has been assessed.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Risk and resistance factors in the adaptation of parents of children with severe physical disability.

Associations between descriptor variables of child characteristics, life events, parental resources and coping strategies and outcome measures of psychological distress, satisfaction with life and adaptation to the child were investigated for both mothers and fathers in a sample of families of children with severe physical disability. Results indicated high levels of psychological distress, particularly for mothers. Personality factors, coping strategies, life events and socio-economic disadvantage were related to outcome for both parents. For mothers, greater physical disability and communication problems in the child were risk factors; for fathers, child gender and feeding problems showed significant associations with outcome.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1993

Determinants of parental satisfaction with disclosure of disability.

Parental satisfaction with the process of disclosure of disability was investigated in interviews with 103 parents of children with severe physical disability. Only 37 per cent of parents were satisfied with disclosure. Parents were more likely to be satisfied if they felt that the professional carrying out the disclosure had a sympathetic, understanding and approachable manner, and was direct and communicated well; if they had been given sufficient information and opportunities to ask questions; and if they were from a manual social-class background. Factors in the procedure of the disclosure, such as the timing, were not significantly related to satisfaction. These results demonstrate the importance of the parent-professional interaction and point towards an increased emphasis on communication skills in medical training.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Psychiatric morbidity in survivors of organised state violence including torture. A retrospective series.

The case notes documenting the psychological well-being of 100 survivors of torture and other forms of organised state violence were analysed retrospectively. The most common diagnoses were post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), major depression, and somatoform disorders. Of these, PTSD showed the strongest association with experience of torture. It is possible that PTSD has a dimensional nature, and that reactions to different stressors are heterogeneous.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

A comparison of the effects of chronic nicotine infusion on tolerance to nicotine and cross-tolerance to ethanol in long- and short-sleep mice.

Several recent studies suggest that common genes regulate sensitivity to an acute dose of ethanol and nicotine. The studies reported here attempted to determine whether common genes regulate the development of cross-tolerance between these drugs. Long-sleep (LS) and short-sleep (SS) mice, which were selectively bred for differential sensitivity to ethanol as measured by duration of ethanol-induced anesthesia (sleep time), were used in this study. The mice were infused i.v. with saline (control) or one of several doses of nicotine (0.5-4.0 mg kg-1 hr-1) for 10 days. The LS mice were more sensitive to the acute actions of nicotine than were the SS and they developed more tolerance to nicotine. LS mice were tolerant to nicotine as measured by all four of the behavioral and physiological tests used but this tolerance was readily seen only after treatment with the highest infusion dose. The SS mice developed some tolerance to nicotine but this effect was less than that seen in the LS, was restricted to two of the tests (Y-maze crosses and body temperature) and was seen only after treatment with the 4.0-mg kg-1 hr-1 dose of nicotine. The LS mice developed cross-tolerance to ethanol as measured by the Y-maze crosses and the heart rate and body temperature tests. Cross-tolerance to ethanol was not seen in the LS mice for the Y-maze rears and sleep-time tests. Almost no evidence for cross-tolerance to ethanol was seen in nicotine-infused SS mice.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Intestinal and pelvic endometriosis presenting as a tumor and associated with tamoxifen therapy: report of a case.

BACKGROUND: Tamoxifen has been used in the adjuvant treatment of breast cancer because of its antiestrogenic effects. However, recent reports have shown it to have estrogenic effects as well. The purpose of this report is to describe a potential association between tamoxifen therapy and endometriosis. CASE: A 50-year-old postmenopausal woman who had received 2 years of adjuvant tamoxifen therapy for breast carcinoma developed extensive tumor-like endometriosis necessitating extensive pelvic and intestinal surgery. CONCLUSION: This case report highlights the need for obstetricians and gynecologists to be familiar with the actions of tamoxifen and its potential complications.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1993

Congenital hypothyroidism: diagnosis and management.

Every newborn infant should be screened for congenital hypothyroidism before discharge from the nursery. Neonatal screening for hypothyroidism was introduced to North America in 1972 and has been demonstrated to be cost effective in the prevention of neurological damage in children. Interpretation of diagnostic test results from such programs is based on understanding the physiology of the thyroid gland and recognition that neonatal hypothyroidism primarily stems from an embryological disorder of thyroid development rather than central causes involving the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. Early diagnosis of hypothyroidism is dependent on proper timing and collection of blood samples and an efficient screening program reporting accurate results. A thorough maternal and family history in conjunction with clinical signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism, biochemical tests, and radiological findings should be used to rapidly establish the diagnosis. Early detection and treatment with thyroxine normalizes skeletal maturation, physical growth, cognitive functioning, and motor development of affected newborns. Nurses play an important role in identification, management, and supportive care of infants with hypothyroidism so that maximal potential is achieved.

Clinical Protocols↗
PubMed1993

Magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of lymphangioma circumscriptum.

BACKGROUND: Lymphangioma circumscriptum is characterized clinically by grouped vesicles, some of which may be filled with serosanguineous fluid. The depth and extent of involvement of lymphangioma circumscriptum cannot be adequately estimated from the cutaneous examination. OBSERVATION: We describe two patients with lymphangioma circumscriptum evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging. Magnetic resonance imaging accurately demonstrated the true extent of involvement. CONCLUSIONS: With magnetic resonance imaging to delineate the entire lesion of lymphangioma circumscriptum, one can (1) provide education to the family regarding the extent of involvement and (2) prevent incomplete invasive surgical procedures from being performed.

Adolescent↗