Emptying pattern of lung compartments in normal man.
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Adolescent↗
Biomedical subjects
S Tsunoda
Publications and source records attributed to S Tsunoda.
Cerebellar primary germ-cell tumor in a young boy.
Germ cell tumors originating in the posterior fossa are very rare. Described herein is a case of primary germ cell tumor (yolk sac tumor) found in the cerebellar vermis. A 5-year-old boy who complained of headache was admitted. CT and MRI revealed a tumor with diffuse enhancement by contrast medium in the right cerebellar vermis. Total removal was performed and a diagnosis of medulloblastoma or ependymoma was suspected. However, the tumor proved to be a yolk sac tumor with embryonal carcinomatous components from histological findings. Abnormally high levels of alpha-fetoprotein were found in blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Extensive examination indicated that the intracranial lesion had not metastasized from a primary extracranial tumor.
Cerebellar Neoplasms↗
Direct costs for one year of liver transplant care are directly associated with disease severity at transplant.
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Costs and Cost Analysis↗
6-Keto-prostaglandin E1 and prostaglandin E2 stimulate aldosterone production in bovine adrenal glands.
In order to investigate the effect of prostaglandins on aldosterone synthesis, dispersed bovine adrenal cells were incubated with prostaglandins and the aldosterone concentration was measured by radioimmunoassay. The result was that aldosterone production was stimulated by 6-keto-prostaglandin E1 and prostaglandin E2.
Adrenal Glands↗
Small-cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix: a clinicopathologic study of 11 cases.
We report the clinical profiles and immunohistochemical features of small-cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Eleven cases that we have encountered at the Department of Gynecology, Kitasato University Hospital, between 1971 and 2003 are presented. Of 1370 invasive carcinomas of the uterine cervix, the incidence of small-cell carcinoma was 0.8%. Patient ages ranged between 32 and 65 years, with a mean age of 46.3 years. The clinical stages at diagnosis were Ib in four patients, IIb in three, IIIb in three, and IVb in one. All patients presented with abnormal vaginal bleeding. Two patients who are alive with no evidence of disease for 12 years and 3 years 6 months, while eight patients died of primary carcinoma between 4 and 25 months after treatment. Histopathologic findings showed solid nests with marked peripheral palisading pattern and rosette formation. Small tumor cells with scant cytoplasm demonstrated a very high nuclear/cytoplasm ratio and indistinct cell borders. The nuclei were round to oval and demonstrated increased but fine granular chromatin. Nucleoli were indistinct in all cases. Immunohistochemical findings were positive in 81.8% each for neuron-specific enolase and protein gene product 9.5, 72.7% for synaptophysin, 63.6% for chromogranin A, and 54.5% for neural cell adhesion molecule. All specimens were positive for at least one of the above. In conclusion, small-cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix revealed poor prognosis. Making an accurate diagnosis of small-cell carcinoma before performing treatment is of great significance but often difficult. Immunohistochemical analysis using several kinds of neuroendocrine markers is helpful in establishing the correct diagnosis in addition to focusing on characteristic histo- and cytopathologic features.
Adult↗
9-Hydroxyellipticine alters the conformation and DNA binding characteristics of mutated p53 protein.
The tumor suppressor protein p53 is a phosphoprotein which shows growth and transformation suppression functions. Mutational loss of p53 function is the most frequently detected genetic event in human cancers. We examined whether 9-hydroxyellipticine (9HE), a cytotoxic agent, affected the tertiary structure of mutant p53 and DNA binding characteristics. Although several types of p53 mutants were resistant to degradation by calpain, the p53 mutants treated with 9HE were markedly sensitive to calpain as well as wild-type p53. Furthermore, mutant p53 proteins isolated from 9HE-treated cells regained the ability to bind a wild-type-specific p53 DNA consensus sequence. Wild-type p53 proteins prepared from both untreated and 9HE-treated cells bound the p53 consensus sequence and were degradaded by calpain equally well. These results suggest that 9HE affects the tertiary structure of mutated p53, which results in the restoration of DNA binding characteristics.
Animals↗
Autopsy findings in Down's syndrome with cerebrovascular disorder.
We describe the vascular pathologic findings in a 20-year-old Japanese man with Down's syndrome (DS) who developed stroke-like symptoms and died of respiratory failure attributed to a cerebral infarction. The latter was verified at autopsy, which also revealed vascular abnormalities resembling those of moyamoya disease. There were occlusions or stenosis in the bilateral internal carotid arteries, middle cerebral arteries, left posterior communicating artery, and basilar artery due to fibrous hypertrophy of the arterial intimal walls. The tunica media was highly atrophic and the internal elastic lamina was tortuous and duplicate. However, unlike moyamoya disease, main trunks of the cerebral arteries were of normal size, and there was marked stenosis of the basilar artery. These cerebrovascular abnormalities may have been the result of an immune deficiency, thrombosis, maldevelopment of the skull and brain, or may have been linked to moyamoya disease. Further study of similar cases is necessary to clarify the association between DS and moyamoya disease, as well as the pathogenesis of that disease.
Adult↗
Comparison of urinary component levels in 4 strains of mice with different physiological characteristics.
Changes in urinary component levels before, during and after reproduction were examined with 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in four strains of female mice with different mammary tumour potential and related characteristics (SHN, SLN, GR/A and C3H/He). Regardless of the variations in these changes among the strains, the urinary component levels reflected physiological changes during reproduction and some strain-specific characteristics. The urinary excretion of citrate, 2-oxoglutarate and lactate increased from the virginal stage to pregnancy and declined during lactation in all strains, indicating a marked change in sugar metabolism during reproduction. SHN and SLN, which are from the same basal stock, showed a similar pattern and the level, of several components were lower than those of GR/A and C3H/He. The levels of some lower components were compensated for by higher urine excretion. The levels of taurine and betaine, both essential for fetal and pup growth, increased at lactation in only GR/A, reflecting the poorer pup growth observed in this strain. Finally, the 1H-NMR method was useful to estimate not only the metabolic but also the physiological changes of the animals without invasion, pain or distress and would thus contribute to animal welfare in the animal experiments.
Acetates↗
Detection of plasma (1 --> 3)-beta-D-glucan in patients with Fusarium, Trichosporon, Saccharomyces and Acremonium fungaemias.
(1 --> 3)-beta-D-glucan, a characteristic fungal molecule, is known to increase in blood in invasive candidiasis, aspergillosis and cryptococcosis. This report shows that the plasma glucan concentration was also elevated in four patients infected with Fusarium, Trichosporon beigelii, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Acremonium. In three of the patients, the elevation preceded positive blood cultures by 5-17 days, and in one of them it even preceded the onset of fever by 6 days. In a fourth patient, the glucan level decreased with clinical improvement. Plasma (1 --> 3)-beta-D-glucan determination appears to be useful also for diagnosis and follow-up of these unusual deep mycoses.
Acremonium↗
Inhibition by guanidino compounds of the growth of spontaneous mammary tumours in SHN mice.
The D-form of lombricine extracted from the earthworm was previously found to inhibit the growth of spontaneous mammary tumours of mice. In the present study, the anti-mammary tumour effects of guanidino compounds, of which structures resembled those of lombricine, i.e., guanidinesulfate (Guanidine), 2-guanidinoethanol sulfate (2-GEt), 4-guanidino-1-butanol sulfate (4-GBt), guanidinoethylphosphate (GEP), opheline (OPHE) and the L-form of lombricine (L-Lom), were investigated in relation to their structures. In Experiment I, each guanidino compound was suspended in olive oil at the concentration of 0.3 mg/0.05 ml, and was injected subcutaneously for 10 days to SHN mice bearing spontaneous mammary tumours. 2-GEt, GEP, OPHE and L-Lom markedly inhibited mammary tumour growth, but Guanidine and 4-GBt did not. In Experiment II, the the compounds examined, 2-GEt and GEP, also significantly inhibited mammary tumour growth when given in drinking water (0.003%) for 10 days, while the effects were much weaker than those of the injected compounds. These results indicate that the existence and the length of the ethylene group are important to antitumour activity and that the site of the antitumour activity in guanidino compounds is the guanidinoethyl group. These compounds are also suggested to be more effective when administered subcutaneously rather than intragastrically.
Animals↗
Effects of Sasa Health, extract of bamboo grass leaves, on spontaneous mammary tumourigenesis in SHN mice.
Chronic treatment with Sasa Health, extract of bamboo grass leaves obtained by alkaline hydrolysis, in drinking water at the concentration of 0.044%-0.088% Fe-Chlorophyllin Na resulted in the significant inhibition of both development and growth of spontaneous mammary tumours in a high mammary tumour strain of SHN virgin mice. Limited treatment for 12 days in mice with palpable sizes of mammary tumours also markedly retarded the growth of the tumours. The end-bud formation and thymidylate synthetase activity of normal mammary glands were stimulated, but the formation of preneoplastic mammary hyperplastic alveolar nodules was inhibited by the treatment. Chronic ingestion of Sasa Health stimulated the excretion of urine components and decreased and increased the prolactin level and superoxide dismutase activity in serum, respectively. It showed no deleterious effects on food and water intake, body growth and any external appearance and all findings indicate that Sasa Health could be a promising agent for the protection and therapy of breast and other types of tumours.
Animals↗