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Biomedical subjects

S Tsuji

Publications and source records attributed to S Tsuji.

At least 721 records · Page 40Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Computer-assisted two-dimensional analysis of gastric mucosal hemoglobin distribution using electronic endoscopy.

An electronic endoscope was modified to assess the imaging of two-dimensional distribution of gastrointestinal mucosal hemoglobin with the aid of a computer and image analyzing system. The band-pass filters ranging from 530-470 nm (G'), and 770-830 nm (IR) replaced ordinary filters in a conventional electronic endoscope (Olympus V-10 or EVIS-200). As the hemoglobin is the most abundant biological pigment in the gastrointestinal mucosa absorbing the green light with little absorption in the infrared region, we used the algorithm of 32 [log2(Vir/Vg)] as a reflection of hemoglobin content in the surface mucosa. The algorithm had a good correlation with the spectrophotometrically measured hemoglobin concentration. The mucosal distribution of hemoglobin was displayed in patients with gastric ulcer. In conclusion, the computer and image analyzing system were successfully applied in an attempt to determine gastric mucosal hemoglobin content and its distribution. The possible applications of computers in endoscopic image analysis are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Genomic organization of a cDNA (QM) demonstrating an altered mRNA level in nontumorigenic Wilms' microcell hybrid cells and its localization to Xq28.

Using a cosmid clone derived from human Xq28 as a probe which shows cross-species homology, we isolated cDNA clones and the nucleotide sequence analysis of the cDNA revealed that the cDNA is identical to QM cDNA. The QM cDNA has recently been reported as a cDNA with down-regulation in tumorigenic Wilms' tumor microcell hybrid. Comparison of the nucleotide sequences of the cDNA with those of the genomic DNA allowed us to determine the genomic organization of the QM gene. The QM gene consists of at least 7 exons and is located at Xq28. Southern blot analysis of a somatic cell hybrid panel indicates that the QM genes are scattered at least to chromosome 2, 3, 6, 14, 16, and possibly to other chromosomes. Northern blot analysis demonstrated the QM gene is expressed in all the examined adult human tissues as well as cell lines including HeLa cells, fibroblasts, and somatic cell hybrids with increased expression in liver, spleen, testis, and adrenal gland. The results suggest that the QM gene belongs to a new multi-gene family with yet undetermined function.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Acetazolamide effect on vascular response in areas with diaschisis as measured by Tc-99m HMPAO brain SPECT.

The effects of acetazolamide (Diamox) on vascular response were investigated in areas with intrahemispheric thalamic diaschisis and crossed cerebellar diaschisis using consecutive Tc-99m HMPAO brain SPECT studies before and after Diamox administration. All six patients with thalamic diaschisis and five of eight patients with crossed cerebellar diaschisis at baseline showed significantly augmented perfusion after Diamox administration in the affected thalamus and cerebellum compared with that in the contralateral unaffected areas. These results suggest more dilatation of the arterioles in areas with diaschisis after Diamox administration than in areas without diaschisis. Diamox may produce relative luxury perfusion in areas with diaschisis.

Acetazolamide↗
PubMed1992

Gaucher patients with oculomotor abnormalities do not have a unique genotype.

Sixteen non-Ashkenazic American children with Gaucher disease who demonstrate slowing of the horizontal saccades are described. Attempts to correlate this specific clinical phenotype with a unique genotype were unsuccessful. Focusing on the three most common mutations, at least five different genotypes were present in these patients. Children with this isolated oculomotor abnormality generally had a diffusely slowed background on EEG, but an otherwise normal neurologic examination, and exhibited earlier and more severe systemic manifestations and mortality. This study emphasizes the need for careful sequential neuro-ophthalmologic examinations in Gaucher patients and the need for caution in attempting to make clinical predictions regarding the course of Gaucher disease on the basis of current DNA mutational analysis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Nuclear sialyl cholesterol causes changes in the structure of chromatin and its transcription level followed by the promotion of neuritogenesis.

Exogenously added sialyl cholesterol (SC) induced neuritogenesis and accumulated in the nuclear fraction of a mouse neuroblastoma cell line, Neuro2a, as reported elsewhere. To clarify the significance of nuclear SC, we examined the structure of chromatin and its transcriptional level. The chromatin of SC-treated cells exhibits greater circular dichroism amplitude (260-310 nm) than that of nontreated cells. The transcriptional level of chromatin from SC-treated cells was significantly higher than that of nontreated cells. The chromatin structural change has a good correlation to the transcriptional enhancement. On the addition of SC to the chromatin of nontreated cells, the circular dichroism spectra increased in amplitude and the transcriptional level also increased in a concentration-dependent manner. alpha-Amanitin-treated cells did not show SC-dependent neuritogenesis. These results strongly suggest that nuclear SC affects gene expression, which results in promotion of the neuritogenesis of cells.

Amanitins↗
PubMed1992

Ethanol stimulates immunoreactive endothelin-1 and -2 release from cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells.

The present study employed enzyme-immunoassay to examine the effect of ethanol on endothelin-1 and/or -2(ET1 + 2) release from human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Thirty minutes of exposure to ethanol increased the release of immunoreactive ET1 + 2 from cultured endothelial cells in a dose-dependent manner. However, ethanol at concentrations of less than 400 mM did not induce any LDH release from the endothelial cells. Trypan blue exclusion test revealed that 400 mM solution of ethanol decreased the cell viability to 7.7%. Thus, ethanol was found to directly stimulate ET1 + 2 release from cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells. This reaction of vascular endothelial cells against ethanol may be related to ethanol-induced cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, myocardial infarction and stroke, as well as fatal alcohol syndrome.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1992

Hydrocephalus, corneal opacities, deafness, valvular heart disease, deformed toes and leptomeningeal fibrous thickening in adult siblings: a new syndrome associated with beta-glucocerebrosidase deficiency and a mosaic population of storage cells.

We describe three adult siblings with communicating hydrocephalus, corneal opacities, deafness, valvular heart disease, and deformed toes associated with glucosylceramide (glc-cer)-beta-glucosidase deficiency. The common manifestations of Gaucher disease were not evident. Supranuclear gaze palsies characteristic of type 3 were noted from early childhood, although the major signs were undeveloped until early adult life. Autopsy disclosed thickened leptomeninges with perivascular fibrosis, non-rheumatic calcified aortic and mitral stenosis with marked fibrosis, and mild infiltration of Gaucher cells in the reticuloendothelial organs. In contrast to the slight accumulation of glc-cer in the liver and spleen, the activity of glc-cer-beta-glucosidase was markedly decreased in the tissues, as much as in a patient with type 2 Gaucher disease. Common mutations were not found in the glucocerebrosidase gene.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Effect of intravascular ethanol on modulation of gastric mucosal integrity: possible role of endothelin-1.

The influences of intravascular ethanol on gastric mucosal integrity and its relation to gastric circulation were investigated in rats. Ulcer formation of the gastric mucosa correlated with the blood ethanol concentration in the presence of 150 mM HCl in the rat stomach. Furthermore, the gastric mucosal hemoglobin concentration (IHb) and hemoglobin oxygen saturation (ISO2), estimated using organ reflectance spectrophotometry, decreased in a concentration-dependent manner with blood ethanol. In isolated, vascularly perfused rabbit stomach, various concentrations (10-400 mM) of ethanol infused into the celiac artery increased the perfusion pressure and released endothelin-1 (ET-1) from the gastric vasculature in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, a significant correlation existed between changes in the perfusion pressure and ET-1 concentration in effluents from the gastric vasculature. Furthermore, anti-ET-1 antibody reduced 100 mM ethanol-induced vasoconstriction in a concentration-dependent manner. The results indicate that intravascular ethanol increases the susceptibility of gastric mucosa to injury induced by intraluminal HCl by causing gastric vasoconstriction mediated by ET-1. Thus intravascular ethanol may play an important role in the mechanism of ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

An unusual splicing mutation in the HEXB gene is associated with dramatically different phenotypes in patients from different racial backgrounds.

Sandhoff disease is caused by mutations affecting the beta subunit of lysosomal beta-hexosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.52) and displays a wide spectrum of clinical phenotypes. We report a 57-year-old patient with a very mild phenotype, although residual hexosaminidase A activity in his cultured fibroblasts was less than 3% of normal activity, a level observed in juvenile onset patients. Northern and Western blot analyses confirmed a similar low level of beta subunit-mRNA and mature beta-protein, respectively. Two mutations of the HEXB gene were identified in this patient, a partial 5' gene deletion (a null allele), and a C----T transition 8 nucleotides downstream from the intron 10/exon 11 junction affecting the splicing of the beta subunit-mRNA. In their homozygous forms, the 5' deletion has been previously shown to result in a severe infantile phenotype, and the C----T transition in a juvenile phenotype. The genotype and the low level of residual hexosaminidase A activity would be expected to produce a juvenile Sandhoff phenotype in this patient, as well as in four of his six clinically normal siblings. The biochemical basis of his mild phenotype is uncertain, but may result from genetic variations in the RNA splicing machinery.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Cetraxate improves ethanol-induced gastric mucosal congestion in anesthetized dogs.

Gastric mucosal microcirculatory disturbance in experimental animals is stressed as an important factor in the development of gastric ulceration induced by ethanol. In this study, we used a reflectance spectrophotometry system to investigate the effect of cetraxate on ethanol-induced gastric mucosal hemodynamics in anesthetized dogs. Forty percent ethanol caused a significant increase in the mucosal blood volume and a significant decrease in mucosal hemoglobin oxygenation. The changes in these parameters indicated mucosal congestion and tissue hypoxia. Topical administration of cetraxate (200 mg in 10 ml saline) prevented the increase in mucosal blood volume and decrease in mucosal hemoglobin oxygenation which had been induced by ethanol loading in the stomach. In conclusion, cetraxate showed a protective effect on mucosal microcirculation that resulted in the maintenance of the gastric mucosal integrity against ethanol loading in the gastric mucosa.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1992

Cryoultramicrotomy: electrostatic transfer of dry ultrathin frozen sections on grids applied to the central nervous system.

Due to the extreme fragility of ultrathin frozen sections of brain tissue, the cryoultramicrotomy of non-embedded tissue has not been sufficiently used for immunocytochemical studies of the central nervous system. Sections are easily disrupted by the liquid surface tension when a droplet of sucrose is used (method by Tokuyasu, 1973) for their transfer on the grids. Use of silicotungstic acid (Tsuji, 1986) in place of sucrose improved the preservation of the ultrastructure but still could not resolve the difficulty. This report describes a new procedure for transferring dry ultrathin frozen sections by means of electrostatic attraction induced on the membrane covering the grids. Once attached electrostatically to the membrane, the sections were retained by van der Waals' forces. The dry ultrathin frozen sections obtained from both fresh and fixed brains displayed good preservation of their ultrastructures over a large surface. This new method which electrostatically transfers dry ultrathin frozen sections, avoiding the use of any liquid, is expected to serve for the immunocytochemical identification of neuronal cell bodies and terminals as well as their neurotransmitters and enzymes in both fresh and fixed brains.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Turner's syndrome associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and sarcoidosis: a case report.

A 32-yr-old Japanese female who was suffering from Turner's syndrome associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and sarcoidosis is reported. It is known that Hashimoto's thyroiditis is not infrequently complicated with Turner's syndrome on the basis of an abnormal X chromosome. In this case, sarcoidosis occurred 4 months after Hashimoto's thyroiditis. This extremely interesting coincidence of Hashimoto's thyroiditis and sarcoidosis in Turner's syndrome has not been reported to date to our knowledge.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Peristaltic movement evoked in intestinal tube devoid of mucosa and submucosa.

Computerized analysis of video-recorded peristalsis was made in a preparation of guinea-pig ileum tube from which both mucosa and submucosa were mechanically scraped off. Threshold value for provoking peristalsis was higher, conduction velocity of peristalsis was slower, and peristaltic force was weaker in comparison with the ileum tube from which only mucosa was scraped off and with the normal ileum tube. A histological control of the preparation proved that there was no nerve cell body of submucous plexus on the surface of separated circular muscle. It was concluded that peristalsis, though impaired, could be provoked by way of activation of the reflex arch consisted by neural circuit of myenteric neurons which should be produced by excitation of stretch receptors in the muscularis externa.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[A mother and her son with autosomal dominant bulbar spinal muscular atrophy].

We reported a 49-year-old mother and her 28-year-old son with autosomal dominantly inherited bulbar spinal muscular atrophy (AD-BSMA). They showed progressive bulbar paresis, muscle wasting and weakness dominant in the proximal groups of limb muscles, and finger tremor. Onset of illness was in adult life. In laboratory examinations, elevated creatine kinase in serum and neurogenic changes either in EMG or muscle biopsy were noted. The son had neither gynecomastia nor abnormal sexual hormone levels which were observed in the sex-linked recessive bulbar spinal muscular atrophy (SR-BSMA). Elongation due to the CAG repeats at the androgen receptor gene of the X chromosome in SR-BSMA was not detected. In conclusion, it is clear that AD-BSMA is different from SR-BSMA on the basis of clinical and genetical aspects.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Protective effect of proton pump inhibitor on the gastric mucosa].

Although many authors reported that proton pump inhibitor showed mucosal protective activity, the precise mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of proton pump inhibit on gastric mucosal hemodynamics, using a reflectance spectrophotometry system. The proton pump inhibitors had no effect on the gastric mucosal hemodynamics prior to the state of hemorrhagic shock state. However, during the hemorrhagic shock, proton pump inhibitors significantly inhibited the decrease in tissue oxygenation and significantly reduced ulcer formation. In conclusion, proton pump inhibitors maintained tissue oxygenation resulting in reduction of ulcer formation.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1992

[Proton pump inhibitors: their merits and demerits, and perspectives for future investigation].

Proton pump inhibitors have a potent antisecretory activity and are under development in many pharmaceutical companies. In this paper, the merits and demerits of the drugs, which have been revealed by experimental studies in humans and animals, are reviewed. Issues of the drugs which remain to be examined in the future are also discussed in reletion to their application in peptic ulcer patients. The issues include 1) genotoxicity of the drugs with long-term treatment; 2) their possible contribution to defensive factors of gastro-intestinal mucosa; 3) their antimicrobial activity against Helicobacter pylori; 4) interaction with the other drugs; etc.

2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles↗
PubMed1992

[Estimated production of coal-tar dyes (including dye aluminum lakes) based on official inspections in 1991].

The total number of official inspection of coal-tar dyes and their lakes from April in 1991 to March 1992 was 835. The quantity which passed inspection amounted to 240 tons in Japan. The official production of color dyes each month in summarised in Table 1 and that by various manufacturers in Table 2. The food coal-tar dye produced in the largest quantity was Food Yellow No. 4, occupying 44.6% of the total during this period.

Chemical Industry↗