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Biomedical subjects

S Trevino

Publications and source records attributed to S Trevino.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Antibiotic resistance monitoring: a laboratory perspective.

Efficient monitoring of antimicrobial resistance (AR) can produce timely and important data and information that will benefit patients and could assist in the detection of a bioterrorist event. The microbiology laboratory staff of the largest U.S. Air Force medical facility attempted to improve AR monitoring at their hospital by reviewing their current capabilities and the capabilities of other available monitoring systems. The systems reviewed included the DataTrac System (Vitek bioMérieux, Hazelwood, Missouri) and the military Composite Health Care System, which were already in use, and the WHONET 5 (World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland) and The Surveillance Network (MRL Pharmaceutical Services, Herndon, Virginia). The Surveillance Network was selected for incorporation into the hospital AR monitoring program with modifications to comply with military command requirements. Information gathered during the review and selection process are presented and may be helpful to others who are looking to improve their hospital AR monitoring programs.

Biological Warfare↗
PubMed1992

Tendon injuries of the foot and ankle.

Tendon injuries are often caused by direct trauma or overuse. Pathology may consist of inflammatory lesions external to the tendon sheath or inflammation of either the peritenon, sheath, or tendon. This article reviews the diagnosis and treatment of injuries to the peroneal, peroneus brevis, peroneus longus, anterior tibial, flexor hallucis longus, and posterior tibial tendons.

Ankle Injuries↗
PubMed1991

Preoperative antibiotic and povidone-iodine preparation of the eye.

We compared gentamicin 0.3% one drop every three hours the night before and the morning of surgery ("half-day regimen") with the same drug one drop qid for three days ("three-day regimen") in 15 eyes undergoing intraocular surgery. Conjunctival cultures of both groups taken before povidone-iodine preparation showed mean colony counts of 3.67 +/- 0.82 in the half-day regimen versus 1.0 +/- 0.43 in the three-day regimen. Conjunctival cultures taken after the administration of a povidone-iodine 5% preparation showed 7.17 +/- 3.52 and 2.75 +/- 0.88, respectively, in the two groups. Although there was a statistical difference in colony counts, topical gentamicin 0.3% given the night before and day of surgery had comparable low colony counts with the three-day course. The 5% povidone-iodine solution was not effective in reducing bacterial flora although it did eliminate all fungal colonies.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1990

Foot growth in children age one to five years.

As part of the protocol on the Development of the Child's Arch, foot growth studies were monitored prospectively in 107 children from 1 year of age till 5 years of age. Under 15 months of age, growth necessitated a 1/2 size footwear change in less than 2 months; from 15 months to 2 years of age, 1/2 size increase occurred every 2 to 3 months; from 2 to 3 years of age, 1/2 size change every 3 to 4 months; and from 3 to 5 years of age, 1/2 size change every 4 months. Although foot growth in boys and girls is parallel, boys' feet tend to average one size longer and one size wider. Width growth remained proportional to length growth throughout the study.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1989

Development of the child's arch.

The purposes of the project were to monitor the development of the lower extremities and the longitudinal arch of the foot and to determine whether or not arch support footwear (three types) affected development of a neutral arch in toddlers 11 to 14 months of age until age 5 years. A total of 125 beginner walkers were recruited through the pediatrics department during a period of 1 1/2 years and divided by lot into four different footwear groups (one nonarch supportive). The group was studied for 4 years by physical examinations, x-ray films, and pedotopography (a Moire fringe technique of photography). At initial examination all of the apparently normal toddlers had pes planus by all clinical, roentgenographic, and photographic measurements. There were no cavus feet at that time or at 5 years of age. Arches developed regardless of the footwear worn but development was faster during the first 2 years (until age 3 years) with arch support footwear. The rapidity of arch development until 5 years of age continued in those children who wore longitudinal arch cookies. Ossification of the sustentaculum tali begins at approximately 5 years of age but is not complete for at least another 1 to 2 years. Hyperpronation was present in 77.9% and genu valgum in 92.3% of the 5-year-old children. These conditions are apparently the norm at this age in both boys and girls.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1988

Dimensional changes of the feet in pregnancy.

Serial measurements of the volume, length, and width of the feet of seventeen pregnant women were made at, or close to, the thirteenth and thirty-fifth weeks of pregnancy and eight weeks postpartum. The same measurements were made twice on a control group of sixteen nulliparous women at intervals that ranged from sixteen to twenty weeks. There was no change in the length or width of the feet in either group. The mean volume of the feet increased 57.2 milliliters between early and late pregnancy (p less than 0.001) and decreased by only 8.42 milliliters between late pregnancy and eight weeks postpartum. These changes were attributed to retention of fluid or to an increase in soft tissue and not to stretching or relaxation of the ligaments.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

In vitro susceptibility of Mycobacterium avium complex to antibacterial agents.

In vitro agar dilution susceptibility studies were performed utilizing 20 isolates (24 against rifamycin) of Mycobacterium avium complex against several antimicrobial agents not routinely tested in the mycobacteriology laboratory. Thirteen strains were susceptible to gentamicin at 4 micrograms/ml, 20 to amikacin at 8 micrograms/ml, 18 to streptomycin at 8 micrograms/ml, 20 to kanamycin at 8 micrograms/ml, 20 to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole at 2 micrograms/ml, 12 to sulfisoxazole at 10 micrograms/ml, 14 to rifabutin at 1 microgram/ml. No activity was found with penicillin G, cephapirin, moxalactam, vancomycin, clindamycin, erythromycin, trimethoprim, or minocycline. This data suggests a potential use of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, sulfisoxazole, amikacin, gentamicin, and kanamycin in the treatment of infections caused by this group of organisms.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1986

External fixation of the foot and ankle.

The use of Hoffmann external fixation in the treatment of ankle and foot trauma in 26 patients is reviewed. There were 21 males and five females, ranging in age from 14 to 56 years. There were 22 fresh fractures and four arthrodeses. Fourteen of the 22 injuries were open fractures. Eight of 22 involved foot joint disruptions. This form of treatment required a complete set of external fixation equipment, sound knowledge of foot and ankle anatomy, and technical skill in frame construction and application. This fixateur allowed three plane stabilization of complex fractures, mobilization of unaffected joints, and access to wounds for soft tissue care. Follow-up evaluations from 24 to 48 months demonstrated good clinical results. The fractures healed and soft tissue and joint function were preserved. The arthrodeses fused. There were no neurovascular complications, pin tract infections, or equipment breakage. Foot trauma frequently combines soft tissue injury and complex skeletal instability, which makes external fixation particularly attractive. Although ideal indications for the use of this technique have not yet been determined, the theoretical advantages and initial results are encouraging. External fixation is a useful addition to the treatment armamentarium of the foot surgeon.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Surgical treatment of stenosing tenosynovitis at the ankle.

Twelve cases of stenosing tenosynovitis about the ankle (eight posterior tibial and four peroneal), with at least 2 to 4 years of follow-up, have been successfully relieved of their symptoms and returned to increased activity by utilizing a simplified comprehensive surgical technique. Surgery consists of: 1) appropriate treatment to the tendon itself whether intact, partially ruptured, or completely ruptured; 2) deepening of the constricted groove; 3) fashioning of new pulleys from available sheath and retinaculum; and 4) construction of a new sheath from regional deep fascia. Postoperative management includes non-weightbearing, soft bandages, and home exercise therapy for 1 month, followed thereafter by intensive home therapy buildup of the involved muscle and orthoses. Pathology findings included thickening of the tendon sheath, varying degrees of fibrosis of the tendon itself, with or without rupture, and reactive hypertrophy of the bone at the involved groove.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A prospective study of ankle injury risk factors.

Many factors are thought to cause ankle ligament injuries. The purpose of this study was to examine injury risk factors prospectively and determine if an abnormality in any one or a combination of factors identifies an individual, or an ankle, at risk for subsequent inversion ankle injury. We examined 145 college-aged athletes before the athletic season and measured generalized joint laxity, anatomic foot and ankle alignment, ankle ligament stability, and isokinetic strength. These athletes were monitored throughout the season. Fifteen athletes incurred inversion ankle injuries. Statistical analyses were performed using both within-group (uninjured versus injured groups) data and within-subject (injured versus uninjured ankles) data. No significant differences were found between the injured (N = 15) and uninjured (N = 130) groups in any of the parameters measured. However, the eversion-to-inversion strength ratio was significantly greater for the injured group compared with the uninjured group. Analysis of the within-subject data demonstrated that plantar flexion strength and the ratio of dorsiflexion to plantar flexion strength was significantly different for the injured ankle compared with the contralateral uninjured ankle. Individuals with a muscle strength imbalance as measured by an elevated eversion-to-inversion ratio exhibited a higher incidence of inversion ankle sprains. Ankles with greater plantar flexion strength and a smaller dorsiflexion-to-plantar flexion ratio also had a higher incidence of inversion ankle sprains.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Test-retest reliability of ankle injury risk factors.

Ligamentous instability, ankle muscle weakness, foot-ankle alignment, and generalized joint laxity may be predisposing factors for ankle ligament injuries. The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability of these risk factors before and after the season in healthy individuals and to determine if any significant differences developed during the athletic season (range, 12 to 16 weeks). Twenty-one healthy college-aged athletes were tested for generalized joint laxity, anatomic alignment of the foot and ankle, ligamentous stability, and isokinetic strength of the ankle muscles. This study showed that generalized joint laxity, ankle ligamentous stability, and ankle strength measurements demonstrated high correlation coefficients (r > 0.75). The high correlation coefficients suggested reliable measures. Some of the range of motion measurements had lower correlation coefficients, which suggested more variability in these measurements. After establishing the reliability in 24 of the 28 measurements with standardized methods, further work is underway to evaluate the role of these factors in inversion ankle sprains.

Adult↗