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Biomedical subjects

S Toyota

Publications and source records attributed to S Toyota.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Effect of anaesthetic agents on the phagocytic function of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes through analysis with a phagocytic plaque method.

We examined the effects of the intravenous anaesthetic agents, thiamylal and ketamine, on the phagocytic function of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) in heparinized peripheral blood from healthy individuals using the phagocytic plaque method. Subclinical doses of thiamylal caused enhancement of the phagocytic activity of PMN and super-clinical doses of thiamylal inhibited phagocytic activity of PMN. Ketamine did not adversely affect phagocytic function at relevant therapeutic concentrations. The results presented in this manuscript indicate the phagocytic plaque method can provide a quantitative assessment of the phagocytic function of leukocytes. This method may prove useful in determining whether anaesthetic agents and other drugs adversely affect leukocyte function and hence help prevent the increased susceptibility to infection which can occur in anaesthetized patients. Conversely, the phagocytic plaque method may prove useful in the search for immune-enhancing drugs.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Rationale for extent of lymph node dissection for right colon cancer.

PURPOSE: The extent of lymph node dissection optimal for the prognosis of right colon cancer is investigated. METHODS: Between 1946 and 1991, 275 patients had curative operation for right colon cancer. A retrospective analysis of rate and degree of lymph node metastasis was performed in each of the 275 patients, and survival rate was estimated in 197 patients who could be followed over a period of three years or more. RESULTS: In most of the curative operative cases of right colon cancer, metastasis to epicolic and paracolic nodes was restricted up to 10 cm proximal or distal to the tumor margin, and metastasis in the central direction was restricted up to main nodes. When cancer metastasized to infrapyloric lymph nodes, dissection of the nodes resulted in a higher rate of long-term prognosis. The five-year cumulative survival rates showed no statistically significant difference between any two of the N0 to N3 lymph node metastasis groups. CONCLUSION: The dissection procedure for right colon cancer involved removal of 10 cm of normal bowel both proximal and distal to the lesion and, in the central direction, dissection of regional lymph nodes along the main trunk artery up to main nodes, i.e., nodes situated anterior to the surgical trunk, which was confirmed to have a therapeutically satisfactory benefit. Infrapyloric lymph nodes must be dissected when metastasis to the nodes is suspected. In cases of cecal or ascending colon cancer in which the middle colic artery is no longer the main trunk artery, a right hemicolectomy with resection of only the right branch of the middle colic artery will usually suffice.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Different NH2-terminal form with 12 additional residues of alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor from human plasma and culture media of Hep G2 cells.

alpha 2-Plasmin inhibitor (alpha 2PI) was purified from plasma or from the culture media of Hep G2 cells by one-step immunoaffinity chromatography procedure. Majority of alpha 2PI purified from plasma was the previously recognized plasma alpha 2PI with NH2-terminal Asn (Asn-alpha 2PI), whereas majority of alpha 2PI purified from the culture media was retaining the "pro" peptide of 12 amino acids with NH2-terminal Met (Met-alpha 2PI). When Hep G2 cells were cultured in serum-free media, the alpha 2PI secreted to the media was totally in a form of Met-alpha 2PI. Incubation of Met-alpha 2PI with human plasma induced the complete conversion of Met-alpha 2PI to Asn-alpha 2PI. The results indicate that alpha 2PI is synthesized and secreted from liver cells as Met-alpha 2PI and Met-alpha 2PI is converted to Asn-alpha 2PI by proteolytic cleavage in plasma during the circulation.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Ringed grafting for an abdominal aortic aneurysm in a 92-year-old patient: report of a case.

We report herein the case of a 92-year-old man with an abdominal aortic aneurysm who underwent successful surgical resection using a ringed graft. His postoperative course was uneventful, and he was discharged after 42 days, following which he attended the outpatient department twice a month for regular check-ups. He finally died of pneumonia which developed from an upper respiratory tract infection 6 months after his operation. Thus, surgical treatment should always be considered when an aneurysm is detected, even in very aged patients for whom the activities of daily living are possible.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Secretion of alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor is impaired by amino acid deletion in a small region of the molecule.

Alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor (alpha 2PI) deficiency Okinawa results from defective secretion of the inhibitor from the liver and appears to be a direct consequence of the deletion of Glu137 in the amino acid sequence of alpha 2PI. To examine the effects of replacing the amino acid occupying position 137 or deleting its neighboring amino acid on alpha 2PI secretion, we used oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis of alpha 2PI cDNA to change the codon specifying Glu137 or delete a codon specifying its neighboring amino acid. The effects were determined by pulse-chase experiments and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of media from transiently transfected COS-7 cells. Replacement of Glu137 with an amino acid other than Cys had little effect on alpha 2PI secretion. In contrast, deletion of an amino acid in a region spanning a sequence of less than 30 amino acids including positions 127 and 137 severely impaired the secretion. The results suggest that structural integrity of the region, rather than its component amino acids, is important for the intracellular transport and secretion of alpha 2PI.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Localization of the human alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor gene (PLI) to 17p13.

We previously assigned the human alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor gene (PLI) to 18p11.1-->q11.2 by isotopic in situ hybridization. However, results obtained subsequently via Southern blot analysis of somatic cell hybrids and fluorescence in situ hybridization studies indicate that the gene is located at 17p13. Accordingly, we reassign PLI to 17p13.

Blotting, Southern↗
PubMed1993

[Hypoglycemic encephalopathy demonstrating generalized multiple cortical infarctions--sequential CT findings].

A fifty-nine-year-old alcoholic man with severe hypoglycemic encephalopathy was examined using sequential CT scans of the brain (CT). Twenty-seven hours after the attack, which resulted in a comatose state, CT disclosed multiple low density areas throughout the cerebral cortex which resembled multiple cortical infarctions. CT obtained four days after the ictus demonstrated more prominent low density areas in the cerebral cortex, diffuse cerebral edema and partial cortical enhancement after administration of contrast medium. Sixteen days after the ictus, the multiple low density areas in the cerebral cortex disappeared. Enhanced CT on day 23 demonstrated marked gyral enhancement throughout the cerebral cortex. Thereafter diffuse brain atrophy progressed rapidly as demonstrated by MRI on day 82 which showed extensive cortical and subcortical atrophy particularly in the frontoparietal and parieto-occipital regions bilaterally with dilated lateral ventricles. Hypoglycemia and anoxia have long been thought to give rise to similar types of brain damage based on neuropathological observations. But it has recently been shown that they are quite different based on neurochemical and neurophysiological findings. Numerous previously reported autopsy cases of hypoglycemia confirm these findings which are neuropathologically similar to the multiple infarction seen in the present case. We conclude that the acute cortical changes of the present case are specific for hypoglycemic encephalopathy. The findings indicate that the basic mechanisms operating in hypoglycemia and anoxia are different.

Atrophy↗
PubMed1992

[The fate of patients with intermittent claudication-comparison of surgical and non-surgical treatment].

The purpose of this study was to determine the operative indication for patients with intermittent claudication because of arteriosclerosis obliterans, and to compare the late result of the surgical treatment group (182 cases, 250 limbs) with that of the non-surgical treatment group (35 cases, 43 limbs). There were 3 operative deaths and 34 late deaths in the surgical group, and 14 late deaths in the non-surgical group. The number one cause of death was heart failure, including ischemic heart disease, in both groups. The 4-year cumulative patency rates were 91% in the aorto-iliac, 71% in the femoro-distal and 79% in the aorto-femoro-distal arterial reconstructions. Long term symptom free rates of the surgical group and the non-surgical group, except fatal case, were 83% and 44% in the aorto-iliac, 79% and 27% in the femoro-distal, 87% and 33% in the aorto-femoro-distal arterial regions, respectively. Late result of intermittent claudication in the surgical group was better than that in the non-surgical group. We concluded that intermittent claudication should be considered to be the indication for surgery, except for the cases with high risk diseases or malignant diseases.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Anti-bacterial defense mechanisms of the urinary tract constructed from intestinal segments. Studies on cell population and phagocytotic activity of urinary leucocytes, and bacterial growth in urine].

Cell population of urinary leucocytes of 22 patients (intestine group) who underwent operations using intestinal segments for the urinary tract was compared with that of 26 complicated UTI patients without surgical intervention (control group). Eosinophils were recognized in 15.5 per cent of urinary leucocytes of the intestine group. However, in the control group, urine eosinophils were recognized only in 0.15 per cent. Although in sterile urines of the intestine group eosinophils were recognized in 30.8 per cent, in infected urines, the percentage of eosinophils decreased. Conversely, the percentage of neutrophils increased to 91.9 per cent. These findings suggest that neutrophils play an important role in infected urines of the intestine group as in urines of the control group. Significant differences were found in the values of urinary secretory IgA, IgG, IgM and urinary osmolarity. To evaluate the influence of these differences on the activity of phagocytosis of urinary leucocytes, the activity of phagocytosis of polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN), isolated from the peripheral blood, was investigated in immersion in urines of both groups. The mean rate of phagocytosis of E. coli in urines of both groups showed no statistically significant differences. However, urinary osmolarity of the intestine group was within the suitable range for phagocytosis and the activity of phagocytosis in urine was correlated with the value of IgG, which suggests that IgG has the opsonic effect. In contrast, the activity of phagocytosis in urine of the control group was strongly correlated with the value of urinary osmolarity. The growth of Providencia, Streptococcus, P. aeruginosa, whose frequency of isolation from urine of both groups was different in our previous study, and E. coli was studied in urine of the two groups. No significant difference in the growth of all bacteria was found, however. This finding suggests that the difference in the frequency of isolation of these bacteria from urine possibly depends on the adhesion of bacteria to intestinal epithelium.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Anti-bacterial defense mechanisms of the urinary tract constructed from intestinal segments. Preliminary studies on urinary tract infections, secretory IgA and composition of urine].

The characteristics of urinary tract infections (UTI), secretory IgA and urine composition of 24 patients (intestine group) who underwent operations using intestinal segments in urinary tract were compared with those of 26 complicated UTI patients without surgical intervention (control group). No significant differences were found in the frequency of either mono or polymicrobial infections between both groups. However, the frequency of bacterial isolation was different in the two groups, Streptococcus spp. and Providencia spp. were frequently isolated and P. aeruginosa was rarely isolated from the urine of the intestine group compared with from the urine of the control group. Furthermore, in polymicrobial infections of the intestine group with indwelling catheters, E. faecalis and Providencia spp. were frequently isolated simultaneously. The mean value of urinary secretory IgA was 94.0 micrograms/dl in the intestine group and 25.0 mu/dl in the control group (p less than 0.0001). The mean urinary osmolarity was 370 mOsm/kg in the intestine group and 500 mOsm/kg in the control group (p less than 0.005). The other parameters, including urinary pH and urea N concentration, showed no statistically significant differences. These findings suggest that urinary tract constructed from intestinal segments differs from the urinary tract without surgical intervention in the feature of UTI and anti-bacterial defense mechanisms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Immunohistochemical localization of physiologic urinary proteins in Wistar rats.

Rat physiologic urinary proteins were immunohistochemically localized. In male Wistar rats, urinary protein antigens were present in both hepatic and epithelial cells of the salivary ducts, the coagulating gland, and the prostate gland. In female rats, urinary protein antigens were present in the same proportion of the salivary glands as in males and in the uterine glands, but to a lesser extent than in salivary glands. The results of this study indicate multiple origins of rat urinary proteins. It remains to be determined if female uterine glands contribute to urinary proteins.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Studies on the enhanced effect of acupuncture analgesia and acupuncture anesthesia by D-phenylalanine (2nd report)--schedule of administration and clinical effects in low back pain and tooth extraction.

D-phenylalanine (DPA) is known to block the activity of carboxypeptidase, an enzyme which degrades enkephalins, endogenous morphine-like substances. Therefore, it is considered that DPA administered as an inhibiting drug of this degrading enzyme might prolong analgesia induced by acupuncture. 1) Thirty patients suffering from chronic low back pain were treated with acupuncture 30 minutes after the oral administration of 4.0 grams of DPA. The results were: excellent in 7 cases, good in 11, fair in 6 and poor in 6. Cases graded excellent and good were then compared with a placebo group. The effect was increased 26% in the DPA-acupuncture group, which shows no statistically significant difference (P less than 0.1). 2) In 56 patients, tooth extraction was performed under acupuncture anesthesia: 18 had received 4.0 gram of DPA (P.O.) 30 minutes earlier. The results were excellent in 8, good in 6, fair in 3, and poor in 1. The excellent and good cases were compared with 38 placebo group cases. The effect in the DPA-acupuncture anesthesia group was significantly increased by 35% (P less than 0.01). 3) In order to determine the optimum time for the administration of DPA, two schedules of administration were compared. [1] DPA was given on the previous day in three 0.5 gram doses (26 cases). [2] A single 4 gram dose was administered 30 minutes before treatment (30 cases). The results from the "excellent", "good" and "fair" cases showed a 16% increase in effectiveness when DPA was administered the day before, not a statistically significant difference (P less than 0.1), but a clear tendency to increase was observed. The above findings show that DPA has an enhancing effect on acupuncture analgesia and anesthesia in clinical practice.

Acupuncture Analgesia↗
PubMed1990

[Clinical study concerning of latamoxef concentration in the obstructed urinary tract].

Urinary LMOX concentration was studied in 18 patients with unilateral ureteral obstruction. The concentration of LMOX in the urine from the mild obstructed kidney was 124 to 2,140 micrograms/ml and 10 micrograms/ml in the severely obstructed ones. The difference was probably due to the intensity and the duration of the obstruction. The patient with 99mTc-DMSA renal uptake of less than 3% also had a urinary LMOX concentration of less than 7 micrograms/ml. The above results seem to show that 7 micrograms/ml in urinary LMOX concentration is a significant figure for treatment of UTI. 99mTc-DMSA renal uptake and renal echogram were used to estimate the excretion rate of antibiotics into the urine.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Anti-bacterial defense mechanism of the urinary bladder. Role of mannose in urine].

Bacterial adherence to mucosa is thought to be an initial and important stage to cause urinary tract infection. Among some mechanisms of bacterial adherence, the role of fimbriae and its receptor is worthy of notice. In particular, type 1 fimbriae, for which mannose is assumed as a receptor, is reported as the most common type and called "common fimbriae". Therefore if a certain amount of mannose is present in urine, it will cover the fimbriae of bacteria and competitively block the bacterial adherence to bladder mucosa. As the first step, we tried to detect mannose in urine by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Sugar can be measured by detecting the fluorescence which is produced by a sugar separated by ion exchange, reacting with arginine at high temperature. The results using standard sugar samples should have highly stable retention time and concentration curve with the minimum detectable mannose concentration of 0.02 microgram. We investigated mannose in urine from 186 cases. Since the mannose peak was often masked by near unidentified peaks, the peak of mannose could be detected only in 80 cases and its concentration could be measured only in 24 cases. Mannose concentration in the urine of the 24 cases was between 2.6 and 108.7 micrograms/ml and in most of cases it was lower than 20 micrograms/ml. Secondary, we examined the possibility of a mannose in urine to prevent bacterial adherence to mucosa by the hemagglutination test using guinea pig erythrocytes and type 1 fimbriated E. coli.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Sensitive, simple staining method for use in electrophoretic determination of amylase isoenzymes in serum.

We have developed a sensitive and simple staining method for use in electrophoretic analysis of serum alpha-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) isoenzymes. The principle of this method is as follows. alpha-Amylase hydrolyzes 4-nitrophenylmaltoheptaoside to generate oligosaccharide, which is then converted to gluconolactone in the presence of oligosaccharide dehydrogenase (no EC no. assigned), with concomitant reduction of 1-methoxy-5-methylphenazinium methylsulfate (1-m-PMS) to 1-m-PMSH. The hydrogen in 1-m-PMSH is then transferred to 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide to yield formazan. Each of the isoenzymes can then be measured densitometrically. The mean (and SD) values for total amylase, P1, S1, and S2 as determined by this method with sera from 25 healthy adults in fasting were 251 (64), 104 (35), 126 (40), and 22 (11) U/L, respectively. Between-assay CVs (n = 10) for determinations of P1, S1, and S2 were 3.54%, 4.03%, and 7.01%, respectively.

Amylases↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical effects of intravesical instillation of polymyxin B in patients with acute cystitis].

The effectiveness of intravesical instillation of Polymyxin B was studied in 17 patients suffering from acute cystitis. The 17 patients, all female, had an average age of 42 years. The average duration between the onset of symptoms and the initial visit to the hospital was 4.6 days. The causative organisms were 15 strains of E. coli and 1 each of P. rettegeri and K. pneumonia, respectively. Improvement of symptoms was observed in 76% of the cases but pyuria was cleared in only 47% of the cases. Clinical results were excellent in 8 cases (47%), good in 6 cases (35%) and poor in 3 cases (18%). The overall effectiveness rate was 82%. No appreciable amount o Polymyxin B, was detected in the serum of 4 patients examined.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

[A family of pseudocholinesterase deficiency (silent type II)].

We report here a case of pseudocholinesterase (E.C. 3.1.1.8) deficiency, silent type II. The proband was a 29-year-old healthy man. His parents were cousins. A family study revealed that 9 out of 17 members of family investigated (paternal side 6, maternal side 3) concentrations. Serum cholinesterase activity were correlated well with serum albumin concentrations in both healthy people and patients with chronic liver diseases. The ratio of cholinesterase activity to albumin concentrations in serum was found more useful to detect heterozygous pseudocholinesterase deficiency than the serum cholinesterase activity alone. Both the dibucaine number and the fluoride number were within normal range in all family who showed low cholinesterase activity in serum. The amount of immunoreactive substance in serum against anticholinesterase antibody was normal in the proband as well as his family, while it was about twice of the value expected from their activity in those who had low ratio of serum cholinesterase activity to albumin concentrations. These results altogether suggested that the proband was a case of homozygous pseudocholinesterase deficiency, silent type II.

Adult↗