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Biomedical subjects

S Tomoda

Publications and source records attributed to S Tomoda.

36 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Influence of estrogen and progesterone on the vascular response to angiotensin-II in non-pregnant rabbit vessels--intact or denuded endothelium].

During pregnancy, vascular sensitivity to A-II is reduced and it was clarified that this refractoriness to A-II is due to a change in EDRF output in pregnant rabbits. The present study aimed at elucidating whether estrogen or progesterone is responsible for the augmentation of EDRF output. 17-OH-estradiol was administered (200 micrograms/kg/day) for 7 days to 8 non-pregnant rabbits, while progesterone was similarly administered (2,000 micrograms/kg/day) to 8 other non-pregnant rabbits. Twenty-four nonpregnant rabbits were employed as the controls. Common iliac arterial rings prepared from each group were compared for the isometric response to A-II. The arterial rings with intact endothelium prepared from the progesterone-treated group were found to have a smaller pD2 value and a smaller maximum response to A-II than the estrogen-treated group. On the other hand, no differences between the progesterone group and estradiol group were observed in these values for the endothelium-denuded arterial rings. These findings indicated that the augmentation of EDRF output during pregnancy is brought about by progesterone.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed1990

Sevoflurane anesthesia for elective cesarean section.

Sevoflurane anesthesia was given to sixteen women who had been scheduled for elective cesarean section. The maternal systolic blood pressure significantly decreased during the anesthesia induction. Both the anesthesia induction and emergence were smooth and rapid. These findings were supported partially by the pharmacokinetic analysis of sevoflurane concentration in the maternal artery and expired gas mixture. Spontaneous uterine contractions were good in 12 patients, fair in two and poor in two. The measured blood loss was 752 +/- 257 ml including amniotic fluid. No blood transfusion was given to any patient. The median value of the Apgar score at one minute was seven (range three to nine). No neonate was intubated for resuscitation. No abnormal maternal laboratory data were found, including liver and kidney function tests and blood cell counts one week after the operation. No adverse effect of sevoflurane on the neonate was found one week after the delivery and three months after the discharge.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1987

Amniotic fluid volume regulation: basal volumes and responses to fluid infusion or withdrawal in sheep.

To better understand the mechanisms that regulate amniotic fluid (AF) volume, we measured AF volume and the rates of fetal swallowing and urination in 33 pregnant sheep at 124-142 days gestation. In four of five ewes over 9-18 days, the spontaneous changes in amniotic fluid volume correlated positively with urine flow rate and negatively with the rate of swallowing (R = 0.686, P less than 0.01), such that 47% of the AF volume changes could be attributed to changes in rates of urination and swallowing. Following infusion of one liter of isotonic amniotic saline (n = 12) or mannitol (n = 5), AF volume increased 110%, and after 24 h returned to the control value in the saline group but it remained elevated 59% above control in the mannitol group. AF sodium was unchanged following saline infusion but remained reduced following mannitol. Following withdrawal of 61% of AF over 20-40 min, AF volume averaged 51 and 71% of control at 24 and 48 h, respectively, whereas AF sodium was unchanged. Variations in rates of fetal swallowing or urine formation could not explain the entire changes in AF volume following either the volume infusion or withdrawal. These data suggest that AF volume is regulated within a relatively narrow range and fetal urine formation and swallowing together and transplacental fluid flux each appear to contribute equally to the regulation of AF volume.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1986

Fate of labeled albumin and erythrocytes following injection into amniotic cavity of sheep.

We have previously described a method to measure the amniotic fluid (AF) volume and fetal swallowing rate in near-term sheep by use of 125I-labeled albumin (RISA) and 51Cr-labeled red blood cells (51Cr-RBC). However, when we measured these volumes on consecutive days, reentry of the radionuclides into the amniotic cavity from fetal urine affected the calculated values of AF volume and swallowing rates. In an attempt to clarify the recirculation problem, we injected RISA and Cr-RBC daily for 9 days into the AF of five chronically catheterized pregnant sheep (124 days gestation on the 1st experimental day). We calculated AF volume and fetal swallowing rate, comparing those values to the values corrected for fetal urine isotopic counts. The mean AF volume and fetal swallowing rate measured by RISA were 808 +/- 48 ml (mean +/- SE) and 559 +/- 29 ml/day, respectively. These values were only slightly different from the corrected volumes, 808 +/- 48 ml and 561 +/- 29 ml/day, respectively, because fetal urine 125I activity reached only 4.8% of AF activity even on the 9th day. In contrast, 51Cr-activity in fetal urine on the 9th day showed 47% of the activity of AF. The mean uncorrected AF volume (785 +/- 44 ml) and swallowing rate (561 +/- 31 ml/day) measured by Cr-RBC were different from the corrected values (790 ml and 570 ml/day, respectively). After the 4th day these differences were particularly conspicuous.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Amnion↗
PubMed1985

Amniotic fluid volume and fetal swallowing rate in sheep.

To investigate amniotic fluid (AF) dynamics and volume regulatory mechanisms, we measured the concentration of radioiodinated (125I) serum albumin (RISA), 51Cr-labeled red blood cells (Cr-RBC), and 103Ru-labeled microspheres after injection into the amniotic cavity and determined AF volume and fetal swallowing rate in 22 singleton pregnant sheep. Under normal conditions 2-3 h were required for complete mixing of RISA and Cr-RBC within AF; however, when the fetus was dead only 3-5 h were required. AF volume of 17 sheep on the 5th postoperative day averaged 975 +/- 128 ml by RISA and 986 +/- 130 ml by Cr-RBC. AF volume determined with RISA and Cr-RBC correlated well. In contrast, AF volume measurement with microspheres produced erratic results. The disappearance rate of the labels in 17 ewes on the 5th postoperative day averaged 4.9 +/- 0.7%/h for RISA and 5.5 +/- 0.7 for Cr-RBC, and the calculated rates of fetal swallowing were 935 +/- 78 ml/day by RISA and 1,085 +/- 102 by Cr-RBC. In dead fetuses the disappearance rates were almost zero, suggesting that the labels disappear mainly by swallowing. Absolute volume swallowed and swallowed volume per fetal weight correlated with gestational age. AF volume correlated with fetal weight. Radiolabeled albumin or red blood cells may be used to simultaneously measure amniotic fluid volume and the rate of fetal swallowing. Furthermore it appears that fetal swallowing increases with gestational age.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1984

[2 cases of solitary metastasis to the large intestine from gastric carcinoma].

Localized metastatic foci of the colon from gastric cancer have been reported in only a few cases. Tow cases of gastric cancer were reported. One relapsed in the form of a localized lesion at the sigmoid colon (Case 1) and the other at the rectum and the transverse colon (Case 2) after curative resection of gastric cancer. From the results of clinical examinations obtained from these cases, it may be reasonable to postulate that peritoneal dissemination and/or lymphatic invasion of cancer was the main cause of solitary metastasis to the large intestine.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

[Local immunotherapy for cancer].

As for the non-specific cancer immunotherapy concerned, the effect is limited and local use of immunopotentiators which could collect effector cells around tumor tissues might be the best way of cancer immunotherapy. Intratumoral or intraperitoneal administration of large-dose of OK-432 (100 KE) has been investigated since many years with favorable results. Side effects were minimum with a few days continuing slight fever elevation. From the immunohistological examinations using monoclonal antibodies, participation of killer T cells and NK cells was confirmed after intratumoral administration of large-dose OK-432. On the other hand, after intraperitoneal administration of OK-432, neutrophil leucocytes appeared at first on the 2nd to 4th day and they were followed by lymphocytes on the 4th to 5th day and finally appeared lot of macrophages on the 6th and later days. From the results of in vitro and in vivo experiments, these macrophages seemed to play the leading role in the cytostatic activities after intraperitoneal OK-432 administration. As for the fear of introducing suppressor cells after large-dose OK-432 administration, detailed studies on suppressor activities before and after operation for gastric cancer patients revealed no particular increase of suppressor cell activities after intratumoral and intraperitoneal administration of 100 KE OK-432 as compared with curative resection cases with no OK-432 administration.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1983

[Enhancement of antitumor activity of Propionibacterium avidum in combined with neurotropin in tumor bearing mice].

The enhancement of antitumor activity of Propionibacterium avidum (P. avidum) in combination with Neurotropin (NSP) was investigated in C3H mice-MH 134 tumor system. P. avidum (0.5 mg) and NSP (20 mg/kg) were administered on day 2 and from day 1 to 7 after tumor inoculation, respectively. When mice were treated with P. avidum in combination with NSP, a significant prolongation in survival days was observed (P less than 0.01). Treatment with P. avidum alone produced prolongation in survival days, but NSP did fail. Increase of Con-A induced suppressor cell activity and depressed proliferative response of spleen cells were observed by the treatment with P. avidum. However, recovery of proliferative response to normal level and disappearance of suppressor cell activity were observed when NSP was combined. Thus, treatment by P. avidum in combination with NSP produced a significant prolongation in survival days and it may be depending on macrophage activation by P. avidum and on the restoration of T cell functions by NSP.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Enzyme immunoassay for human chorionic gonadotropin and its clinical application.

The assay for hCG is important in gynecological and obstetrical fields and has been performed by RIA and radioreceptor assay (RRA). But these procedures use radioisotope which limits popular use. Recently enzyme immunoassay (EIA) has been developed in which procedure the enzyme has been used for labelling in place of radioisotope. The labelling enzyme is stable and has no adverse effect on human beings and its activity is easily measured. In this study, EIA for hCG has been developed. beta-D-Galactosidase (beta-Gal) is preferred because an infinitesimal amount of beta-Gal is easily measured, and MCAE of conjugating agent is used to prevent self-coupling. As solid phase sheep red blood cells were used at first, but now silicone rods are being used because of easy handling. To remove serum interference, sequential competitive method is carried out and 0.5 mIU/ml to 200 mIU/ml of hCG is measurable in 12 h. Coefficients of variation are satisfied. This newly developed assay has been used clinically in diagnosis of brain metastasis of trophoblastic disease, early diagnosis of pregnancy and prognosis of threatened abortion and is now being tried for follow-up of trophoblastic disease.

Abortion, Threatened↗
PubMed1980

Sequential competitive enzyme immunoassay for human chorionic gonadotropin.

In the previous report, we had developed a simultaneous competitive enzyme immunoassay for hCG, using sheep red blood cells as the solid phase. The serum sample was not checked because of serum interference. In this report we have developed sequential competitive enzyme immunoassay. The sequential method is preferred because serum interference is removed and silicone rods are used as the solid phase instead of sheep red blood cells, which would be easily washed away in that procedure. The working range of this procedure is from 0.5 mIU/ml to 200 mIU/ml. That value for serum hCG correlates well with that by RIA (n = 0.904) Coefficients of variation are satisfied (14.2%: within assay and 15.2%: between assay).

Chorionic Gonadotropin↗
PubMed1978

Simultaneous competitive enzyme immunoassay for human chorionic gonadotropin.

A simultaneous competitive enzyme immunoassay (SICEIA) for hCG was developed using beta-D-galactosidase (beta-Gal) as a labelled enzyme and anti-hCG antibody coated sheep red blood cells (SRBC) as a solid phase. In this report, a new coupling agent, MCAE, was used to couple beta-Gal with hCG. The sensitivity was improved to the degree of 2.5 mIU/ml, equal to that of RIA. The present procedure was safer and rapider than RIA. The value of hCG in urine by our procedure had good correlation with that by RIA.

Binding, Competitive↗
PubMed1976

Survival of 16-celled and morula stage rabbit embryos frozen to -196 degrees C,.

Preimplantation stage (16-celled and morula) rabbit embryos were successfully frozen to -196 degrees C. The cooling rate (from a room temperature to 0 degrees C), the presence of the mucin layer surrounding embryos, the ice-seeding treatment and the thawing procedure were examined to determine their effects on the survival of the frozen embryos of Japanese white, New Zealand white and Dutch-Belted rabbits. A high proportion (51%; 16-celled, 69%; morula) of Dutch-Belted rabbit embryos developed in vitro, when they were frozen to -196 degrees C, applying the ice-seeding at -4 degrees C in the presence of 12.5% DMSO, after being cooled to 0 degrees C at the rate of 7-9 degrees C/min, and were diluted by a stepwise addition of 4 different strength PBS on thawing. The highest rate of in vitro development (81%; Japanese white, 75%; New Zealand white, 82%; Dutch Belted embryos) was obtained when the morula stage embryos were frozen to -196 degrees C applying seeding at -4 degrees C after being cooled to 0 degrees C at the rate of 1 degrees C/2.5 min and were diluted, on thawing, by stepwise addition of 6, 3 and 1% DMSO solution and a culture medium. No great difference was found in the survival rate between the embryos covered with the mucin layer and those which had not the coat. All the embryos frozen without applying seeding treatment failed to develop in vitro after being thawed and diluted. Nine out of 27 does each of which received 6 reimplantations of the embryos frozen-thawed became pregnant and were found to be carrying 37 normal fetuses on the 12th day of pregnancy.

Animals↗