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Biomedical subjects

S Tokunaga

Publications and source records attributed to S Tokunaga.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[A clinical observation on aged patients subjected to urological surgery].

A clinical analysis was made on 44 inpatients over 80 years old at our department from 1980 to 1984. Forty-three urological surgeries were performed on 36 out of the 44 patients, accounting for 3.4% of all the inpatients. Benign prostatic hypertrophy, which was the most popular disease in our study, was seen in 20 patients. Preoperative examinations revealed one or more complications besides urological disorders in 35 patients (97.5%), 11 patients of which needed some prophylactic treatments prior to urological surgery. Although major postoperative complications consisted of heart disease in 4 patients, gastrointestinal tract disease in 3 patients, and pulmonary disease in 2 patients, there was no operative death. Postoperative laboratory test results revealed hypoproteinemia in 16 patients (44.4%). Postoperative urological complications such as wound dehiscence, urinary fistula, or acute epididymitis occurred in 9 patients, all of whom had urinary tract infections. These results suggest that aged patients have fewer problems if extensive preoperative examinations and active treatments for any abnormality are made and careful attention is paid to postoperative complications.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

[Combined treatment of 8 MHz radiofrequency hyperthermia and irradiation in a patient with mediastinal metastases of renal cancer].

A combined therapy of irradiation and 8 MHz radiofrequency hyperthermia using the Thermotron-RF Model 8 was performed on a patient with mediastinal metastasis of renal cancer. The patient was a 74-year-old male, who received left transperitoneal nephrectomy for left renal tumor in December, 1982. Histology report indicated clear cell carcinoma of the kidney. He noticed puffy face and dyspnea in April, 1984. A CT scan showed a mediastinal tumor 57 X 43 X 120 mm in size and right pleural effusion. Aspiration biopsies revealed metastatic adenocarcinoma of the mediastinal lymph nodes. The combined therapy of irradiation and 8 MHz radiofrequency hyperthermia was started in July, 1984. He was irradiated with daily 2.0 Gy, 5 times a week and was heated twice a week within one hour after each irradiation, totally 50 Gy of irradiation and 14 sessions of hyperthermia. After the treatment, 69% tumor regression and disappearance of pleural effusion were obtained. The combined therapy with 28.8 Gy of irradiation and 7 sessions of hyperthermia was added for the regrowth of the tumor in February, 1985. A 30% of tumor regression was achieved, however, there was no improvement of the dyspnea or pleural effusion. He died on April 8, 1985.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

[Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis with a direct specimen test (MicroTrack) in urethritis patients].

The urethral smear specimens from 197 male urethritis patients attending our department and 4 affiliated hospitals were examined for Chlamydia trachomatis between April, 1984 and May, 1985, using fluorescein-labeled monoclonal antibodies (Direct Specimen Test; MicroTrack, Syva Co., USA). C. trachomatis was detected in 7 (25.0%) out of 28 patients with gonococcal urethritis, and 83 (49.1%) out of 169 patients with nongonococcal urethritis. The detection rates were almost comparable to those of other reports that used the cell culture method. The direct test is a time-saving, non-culture method useful for the diagnosis of chlamydial infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Stone-containing pyelocaliceal diverticulum: a case report].

We report a case of stone-containing pyelocaliceal diverticulum. A 68-year-old man was admitted for extensive investigation of microscopic hematuria on January 12, 1983. A cluster of numerous small calcifications was disclosed in the left renal region on an abdominal plain film and the case was considered to be of stones in the left kidney. An excretory pyelogram showed that the stones were away from the collecting system of the left kidney. Through partial nephrectomy, 107 stones were removed on January 21, 1983. Histological examination of the surgical specimen revealed pyelocaliceal diverticulum. The stones were found to consist of calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate by infrared spectrophotometry. In addition to these components, a small amount of magnesium was detected by X-ray microanalysis. A scanning electron microscopic study of the cut surface of the stones disclosed the presence of a granular core identified as urate and calcium oxalate, concentric laminations of crystallized substances in the mid-zone and laminations of amorphous substances in the outer layer.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Pharmacokinetics of cefotetan in normal subjects and patients with impaired renal function.

The elimination kinetics of cefotetan (YM09330), a new parenteral semisynthetic cephamycin derivative, were studied in eight healthy volunteers and 41 patients with renal insufficiency after the administration of a single 500-mg dose intravenously. Concentrations of cefotetan in serum and urine were determined by both bioassay and high-pressure liquid chromatography. The pharmacokinetic parameters for cefotetan were calculated on the basis of a two-compartment open model. Serum concentrations of cefotetan immediately after administration were approximately 180 micrograms/ml in all subjects regardless of function; however, serum concentrations during the beta-phase increased directly with the degree of renal impairment. The mean serum half-life during the beta-phase was 3.0 h in normal subjects as compared with 13.1 h in hemodialysis patients. There was a linear correlation (P less than 0.0001) between the elimination rate constant of cefotetan and creatinine clearance. The mean cumulative urinary recovery of cefotetan in the 24-h urine was 83.3% of the administered dose in normal subjects and decreased with reduced renal function.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Elimination kinetics of cefotaxime and desacetyl cefotaxime in patients with renal insufficiency and during hemodialysis.

The pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime, a new semi-synthetic cephalosporin for injection, was studied in 30 subjects with various degrees of renal function after a single 1-gram intramuscular injection. Serum and urinary concentrations of cefotaxime and desacetyl cefotaxime were determined by high pressure liquid chromatography. The pharmacokinetic parameters of cefotaxime were obtained using a one-compartment open model. The mean serum half-life of the parent compound (cefotaxime), 0.87 h in normal subjects, was prolonged to 2.35 h in hemodialysis patients. There was a significant linear correlation between the elimination rate constant of cefotaxime and creatinine clearance. The mean cumulative urinary recovery of the administered dose in the 24-hour urine was 51.7% as cefotaxime and 25.6% as desacetyl cefotaxime in normal subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[A double blind clinical trial of cefamandole and cefmetazole in complicated urinary tract infections].

We conducted a randomized double blind comparison of cefamandole (CMD) and cefmetazole (CMZ) in the treatment of 193 patients with complicated urinary tract infections. The patients received 1 gram of CMD or CMZ twice a day intravenously by drip infusion over 1 hour for 5 days. Pretreatment urinary leukocyte counts and urinary bacterial counts were at least 5 cells/hpf and 10(4) bacteria/ml, respectively. Each patient was randomly allocated either to CMD or CMZ group. There were 93 patients in CMD group and 100 patients in CMZ group. Clinical efficacy was evaluated based on the effect of treatment on bacteriuria and pyuria according to the criteria set by the UTI Committee, Japan. The response to CMD treatment was excellent in 18 cases (19.4%), moderate in 38 cases (40.9%) and poor in 37 cases (39.8%) with an overall effectiveness of 60.2%, whereas the response to CMZ was excellent in 19 cases (19.0%), moderate in 40 cases (40.0%) and poor in 41 cases (41.0%) with an overall effectiveness of 59.0%. No statistical significant difference was found between 2 treatment groups. Comparison of the bacteriological response between 2 groups showed that the eradication rate for strains of Gram-positive cocci were significantly higher in those patients treated with CMD. Gram-negative rods were eradicated from 68.4% of cases treated with CMD, and 78.0% of those with CMZ, but the difference was not significant. Adverse reactions were observed in 3 patients receiving CMD 1 case each of diarrhea, eruption and epigastric pain. Abnormality in laboratory tests was found in 6 patients in each treatment group. The results indicate that CMD is effective, safe and useful in the treatment of patients with complicated urinary tract infections, and its efficacy, safety and usefulness are comparable with those of CMZ.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Eosinophilic cystitis: a report of 2 cases].

Two patients with eosinophilic cystitis are presented in this report. The first case was a 39-year-old man who was admitted to our clinic with complaints of pollakisuria, pain on urination and hematuria for a month, which had not been relieved by antibiotic therapy. He had both a family and a personal past history of allergy. Excretory urograms showed a mild bilateral hydroureter and small bladder with irregular filling defects. Cystoscopic examination revealed velvety, ulcerated areas in the bladder mucosa, and we diagnosed these changes as eosinophilic cystitis after bladder biopsy. Steroid and antihistaminic therapy improved these symptoms. The second case was a 67-year-old woman who visited our clinic complaining chiefly of hematuria for 2 months. There was no predisposition to allergy, but she had a past history of uterine cancer which had been treated with irradiation. Cystoscopic examination disclosed a large amount of intravesical coagula, and erythematous and edematous areas with petechiae of the bladder mucosa. Bladder biopsy revealed hemangioma and eosinophilic cystitis. There was no recurrence of cystitis after the removal of the coagula without any other treatment.

Adult↗