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Biomedical subjects

S Tokudome

Publications and source records attributed to S Tokudome.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Type of gallstones and deaths from stroke and coronary heart disease among cholecystectomized patients.

A total of 841 Japanese patients who had undergone cholecystectomy for choleithiasis (550 for cholesterol stones and 291 for pigment stones) from 1951 to 1970 were investigated on death from stroke, coronary heart disease (CHD) and heart disease other than CHD in relation to the type of gallstones. Compared to patients with pigment stones, those having cholesterol stones had a 50% lower risk of dying from stroke which was statistically significant. The findings support the idea that westernization of Japanese diets may be responsible both for the decline in stroke mortality and for the changing pattern of gallstones in this country. The risk of CHD among cholesterol-stone patients was higher, but not significantly so, than that of pigment-stone patients whereas mortality from heart disease other than CHD did not differ much between the two groups. There were, however, few deaths from these diseases and the findings were therefore not conclusive.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

A case-control study of gastric cancer and diet in northern Kyushu, Japan.

A case-control study of gastric cancer was done in a rural area of northern Kyushu, Japan, in relation to dietary habits especially focusing on the relationship with the consumption of broiled fish. The study was based upon 139 cases of newly diagnosed gastric cancer at a single institution, 2,574 hospital controls and 278 controls sampled randomly from the residents of the study area (with sex and year of birth matched). No association was observed between the consumption of broiled fish and gastric cancer risk whether three types of broiled fish (raw fish, dried fish and salted fish) were analyzed separately or as a single category. However, consistently in the comparisons with both sets of controls, the risk of gastric cancer was inversely related with the consumption of fruits and positively associated with cigarette smoking. A decreased risk of gastric cancer was also noted among those with high consumption of green tea (10 or more cups per day).

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[A clinico-pathological study involving a consecutive series of 75 primary liver carcinomas with resection].

Seventy-five consecutive primary liver cancers that had a hepatic resection have been examined clinicopathologically. Eighteen were HBsAg+ cases (mean age: 50.9 yr) and 57 were HBsAg- cases (mean age 60.1 yr). HBsAg was not detected in the livers of the 57 HBsAg- cases, though it was found in the noncancerous parts of 16 of these cases and in the cancerous parts of 3 of the 18 HBsAg+ cases. A histologic, comparative study between the HBsAg+ and HBsAg+ cases showed no significant morphologic differences, except for somewhat frequent portal invasions in the former. From the viewpoint of prognosis, the ominous signs seem to be a positivity of serum HBsAg, large tumors, the presence of a portal and/or hepatic venous invasion, the presence of intra-and/or extrahepatic implants, and a high Edmondson's grade.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1987

Inter- and intra-pathologist variability in histologic diagnoses of lung cancer.

To estimate variability and reliability in histologic diagnosis (Dx) of lung cancers, lung cancer preparations were divided into eight equal sets and diagnosed independently by an eight-man pathology panel. Majority Dx (Dx affirmed by more than 4 panelists) was regarded as the consensus Dx of each cancer. The consensus rate of each panelist ranged from 78.8% to 96.1% with an average of 89.4%. The consensus rates were not significantly different among the panelists. Relatively high inter-pathologist agreement was observed in squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and small cell carcinoma. However, regarding large cell carcinoma, there was occasional disagreement among the panelists. Forty-seven cancers were reexamined by the same panelists, with no preliminary announcement, 7 months after the first examination to study the intra-pathologist agreement. The rate of the intra-pathologist agreement ranged from 76.6% to 93.3%. Dx of large cell carcinoma was the most intra-changeable. It was concluded that the histologic Dx of large cell carcinoma was the most inter- and intra-changeable, and the most frequent dissenting Dx from it was poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

Tissue copper content in primary and metastatic liver cancers.

Tissue copper contents in 38 primary and 45 metastatic hepatic malignancies and 15 control livers were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The average copper content of 15 control livers was 23.1 +/- 13.0 micrograms/g dry weight (microgram/gdw). The copper content of five cholangiocellular carcinomas (CCCs) and 45 metastatic cancers was almost equal to the control level. Thirty three hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) contained a larger amount of copper (61.5 +/- 76.8 micrograms/gdw) than the control livers (p less than 0.05), but the copper content of HCCs showed a considerably wide variation. The average copper content of nine minute HCCs (126 +/- 112 micrograms/gdw) was significantly (p less than 0.05) higher than that of 24 large HCCs (37.2 +/- 39.9 micrograms/gdw). Histologically, orcein and paramethylaminobenzylidene rhodamine positive granules were seen in eight and four of nine minute HCCs, respectively. These granules were also found in some large HCCs, but were never found in CCCs and metastatic cancers. It was concluded that these excessive accumulations of copper and copper-binding proteins might present a helpful finding to distinguish some cases of HCC, especially small HCC, from CCCs, metastatic cancers and hypertrophic regenerative nodules of cirrhotic livers. The significance and possible pathogenesis of these copper accumulations in HCCs require further studies.

Adenoma, Bile Duct↗
PubMed1987

Hepatocellular carcinoma among female Japanese hepatitis B virus carriers.

In order to examine the association between hepatitis B virus carriage and hepatocellular carcinoma 3,769 female hepatitis B surface antigen positive blood donors were followed-up from 1977 to 1985 in Fukuoka, Japan. The observed number of deaths was compared with the expected deaths calculated by applying cause- and age-specific death rates among females for Fukuoka in 1980 to age-specific population at risk of the subjects. Mortalities from all causes and from all malignant neoplasms were decreased. Mortality from liver cancer (or hepatocellular carcinoma) was specifically elevated as compared with the general population; where observed, expected deaths, and O/E were 4, 0.71, and 5.63, respectively (p less than 0.05). Population attributable risk was estimated to be 6.5%. These values were assumed to be somewhat underestimated, in part because of a healthy donor effect and limited observation period.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Cigarette smoking, alcohol and cancer mortality: a cohort study of male Japanese physicians.

Mortalities from selected sites of cancer among 5,130 male Japanese physicians followed up for 19 years were examined in relation to smoking and drinking habits surveyed in 1965. With smoking habit classified into three categories (never/past, 1-19 and greater than or equal to 20 cigarettes/day) and drinking habit into four (never/past, occasional, less than 2 and greater than or equal to 2 go of sake/day), the effects of the two factors and their combined effect were analyzed by using the Cox proportional hazard model. Interaction of smoking and drinking was found to be negligible for the sites of cancer studied (upper aerodigestive tract, esophagus, stomach, large bowel, liver and lung), and independent relationships of smoking and drinking with upper aerodigestive cancer were confirmed. Smoking, besides being strongly associated with lung cancer, was also weakly, but significantly, related to stomach cancer. Liver cancer showed no association with smoking whereas this cancer was significantly related to alcohol consumption. The present findings provide further evidence for the association between cigarette smoking and stomach cancer but do not support the relationship recently suggested between smoking and liver cancer.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1986

Alcohol and mortality: a cohort study of male Japanese physicians.

The relationship between drinking habit surveyed in 1965 and cause-specific mortality over 19 years was investigated in 5135 male Japanese physicians taking into account smoking habit and separating ex-drinker from non-drinker. As compared with non-drinkers, daily drinkers with high consumption had a significantly increased mortality from all causes. Drinking was significantly related to the so-called alcohol-related causes of death; upper aerodigestive cancer, liver cancer and liver cirrhosis. Mortality from acute myocardial infarction was inversely related to drinking, whereas other coronary heart disease showed a somewhat higher mortality among men consuming a large amount of alcohol than among non-drinkers. There was a weak, but significant, association between stroke and drinking, and the relation did not differ between haemorrhagic stroke and other stroke. No obvious relationship with drinking was observed for cancers of the stomach, large bowel, pancreas and lung.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1986

[Diagnostic variations among eight pathologists in the histologic classification of lung cancer].

In order to estimate the magnitude of variations among pathologists in histological diagnoses of lung cancer, eight doctors were asked to independently diagnose 73 preparations of the lung (16 biopsied cancers, 27 resected specimens, 21 autopsied specimens and nine benign autopsied cases). The rates of correct diagnoses by the pathologists ranged from 81.7% to 100%, averaging 91.8%. There was no significant difference between the lowest rate and mean or median of the rates. The variation of the diagnosis tended to be more prominent in large cell carcinoma than in adenocarcinoma or small cell and squamous cell carcinoma. It was suggested that the diagnostic criteria for large cell carcinoma varied to some extent among pathologists.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

Cancer mortality among patients undergoing cholecystectomy for benign biliary diseases.

Potential risks of gastrointestinal cancers after cholecystectomy were examined among 1238 patients who had had their gallbladders extirpated for benign biliary diseases from 1951 to 1970. The observed deaths between 1953 and 1984 were compared with the expected values which were calculated from death rates in Japan. No appreciable excess mortality was found for stomach cancer, colorectal cancer or pancreas cancer in relation to cholecystectomy. Observed and expected deaths during the whole observation period were 29 vs. 31.58 for stomach cancer, 8 vs. 6.50 for colorectal cancer overall, 5 vs. 3.19 for colon cancer and 3 vs. 3.51 for pancreas cancer. The corresponding figures in the 10 years or more after cholecystectomy were 14 vs. 19.06 for stomach cancer, 5 vs. 4.66 for colorectal cancer and 3 vs. 2.38 for colon cancer. A notably increased mortality from liver cancer was observed, but it was considered to be related not to cholecystectomy itself but to blood transfusion.

Biliary Tract Diseases↗
PubMed1985

Smoking and mortalities from cancer, coronary heart disease and stroke in male Japanese physicians.

A cohort of 5,477 male Japanese physicians was studied to examine the relationship between smoking habits and mortalities from cancer, coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke over 12.7 years. The logistic regression analysis based on proportional hazard models was used for statistical assessment. The risks of both lung cancer and CHD were strongly associated with smoking habits in terms of the number of cigarettes smoked per day, inhalation level and age at starting to smoke. These associations were not influenced by the effect of drinking habits. However, the risk increment of lung cancer due to cigarette smoking was fairly small as compared with the data from other studies of male Caucasians. A statistically significant association was observed between upper aerodigestive cancer and cigarette smoking. But this relationship became insignificant after adjustment for drinking habits, and the risk of heavy smokers was drastically reduced. No clear association was noted between smoking and mortalities from gastric cancer and stroke.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1985

Alcohol and cancer in male Japanese physicians.

The relationship between alcohol and site-specific cancers was investigated in a follow-up study of 5,139 male Japanese physicians. Information on drinking habits was obtained by mail questionnaire in 1965, and cancer deaths over 12.7 years were analyzed with drinking habits classified into five categories; nondrinker, ex-drinker, occasional drinker, and daily drinker whose intake of alcohol was equivalent to less than 2 or 2 and more go of sake (1 go sake congruent to 27 ml alcohol). Both age and smoking habits were taken into account in the calculation of death rates based on man-years at risk. Logistic regression analysis was also performed on cummulative mortality data. Upper aerodigestive cancer was strongly associated with alcohol consumption, giving some confidence in the validity of the present study. Excluding ex-drinkers, the risk of stomach cancer and liver cancer was gradually increased from nondrinkers to daily drinkers with lower intake of alcohol, but no further increase was noted for daily drinkers with larger consumption. Logistic regression did not show any significant associations between drinking habits and these two cancers, but the number of deaths from liver cancer was still small. Not particular patterns were observed for cancers of the large bowel and lung.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Mortality from carcinoma after partial gastrectomy.

The mortality from cancer, excluding gastric stump cancer, was examined in 3,827 Japanese patients who had undergone partial gastrectomy for benign gastroduodenal diseases. Although no increase in gastric stump cancer had been found in a previous analysis, the number of deaths from liver, lung and colorectal cancer was significantly greater than expected. The mortality rate was also significantly increased in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. Postoperative hepatitis, intestinal stasis and/or increased bacterial growth after Billroth II gastrectomy were considered as possible causes of the high mortality.

Female↗
PubMed1984

A prospective study on primary gastric stump cancer following partial gastrectomy for benign gastroduodenal diseases.

A prospective study was made on 3827 Japanese patients who had undergone partial gastrectomy for benign gastroduodenal diseases to examine whether they are at a high risk of mortality from primary gastric stump cancer (PGSC) and whether the risk is determined by the surgical procedure. The patients were followed up from the time of surgery (from 1948 to 1970) to June 30, 1981. Of 3,701 patients (96.7%), the vital status at the end of observation was determined, the total person-years at risk being 62,286.33. The observed deaths were compared with the expected deaths calculated from the mortality rates of Japan. An elapsed time of 10 years from operation to death was set not only to exclude possible recurrent, remaining, or multiple cancers but also to allow a certain latency period for the development of PGSC. The observed and expected deaths from PGSC were 11 and 52.85, respectively, the ratio being 0.21 (p less than 0.01). The ratios were uniformly less than 1 for both sexes and across three operative groups: Billroth I, Billroth II with Braun's anastomosis; or Billroth II without Braun's anastomosis. No difference was observed between the death rates from PGSC by operation type. The possible role of the postoperative nonphysiological (pathological) environment or duodenogastric reflux in gastric stump carcinogenesis was not detected in the present study.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Mortality from cancer and other causes among workers at a metal refinery.

Hidden cases of occupational lung cancer among males were revealed by a case-control study in a town. The findings were confirmed by a prospective study on mortality among the employees of a metal refinery. It demonstrated not only a significantly increased mortality from lung cancer among copper smelters but also definite dose-response relationships between mortality from lung cancer and the degree of exposure. A very high excess mortality from lung cancer (0/E = 25.00) was observed among copper smelters who were considered to have been most heavily exposed to arsenic and/or other carcinogenic substances or workers who had been engaged in sintering and blast furnace operations for 15 years or more before 1949. The average latency period of lung cancer was 37.6 years, and unrelated to the level of exposure. Twenty-six of 29 deaths from lung cancer among copper smelters occurred after they had left the company. Other production workers and clerical workers showed no significant excess mortality from any kind of cancer.

Female↗
PubMed1983

The relationship between alcohol and mortality among Japanese physicians.

Based on the survey in 1965 on smoking and drinking habits of physicians in western Japan, the mortality pattern among 5139 male Japanese physicians over 12.7 years was examined in terms of drinking habit. Among six groups with different drinking habits: ex-drinker, non-drinker, occasional drinker and daily drinker whose intake of alcohol was equivalent to below 1, 1-1.9 or 2 and more go of sake (1 go of sake congruent to 27 ml of alcohol), ex-drinkers had the highest risk of dying. Mortality from all causes among non-drinkers was higher than that among occasional drinkers or the lowest daily drinkers, but the differences were not significant. Among daily drinkers, total mortality was significantly increased with the amount of alcohol. As for cause-specific mortality, cancer and stroke showed a significant positive association with alcohol. No significant inverse relationship was noted for heart disease or coronary heart disease, although non-drinkers had higher mortality than occasional or daily drinkers. There was no obvious effect of alcohol on mortality from either liver cirrhosis or accidents, but deaths from these causes were few.

Adult↗