Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S Tokudome

Publications and source records attributed to S Tokudome.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Coffee consumption and decreased serum gamma-glutamyltransferase and aminotransferase activities among male alcohol drinkers.

BACKGROUND: Attention has long been drawn to the potentially harmful effects of coffee on health, however recent epidemiological studies have suggested unexpected, possibly beneficial effects of coffee against the occurrence of alcoholic liver cirrhosis and upon serum liver enzyme levels. METHODS: We examined the potential inverse association between coffee drinking and serum concentrations of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and aminotransferases, with special reference to interaction with alcohol consumption, in a cross-sectional study involving 12687 health examinees (7398 men and 5289 women) aged 40-69 years from over 1000 workplaces in Nagano prefecture in central Japan. Those who had a history of liver disease and/or serum aminotransferases exceeding the normal range were excluded. Possible confounding effects of alcohol consumption, body mass index, cigarette smoking, and green tea consumption were controlled through multivariate analyses. RESULTS: Increased coffee consumption was strongly and independently associated with decreased GGT activity among males (P trend < 0.0001); the inverse association between coffee and serum GGT was more evident among heavier alcohol consumers (P < 0.0001), and was absent among non-alcohol drinkers. Among females, however, coffee was only weakly related to lower GGT level. Similar inverse associations with coffee and interactions between coffee and alcohol intake were observed for serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase. Intake of green tea, another popular source of caffeine in Japan, did not materially influence the liver enzyme levels. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that coffee may inhibit the induction of GGT in the liver by alcohol consumption, and may possibly protect against liver cell damage due to alcohol.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Development of data-based semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire for dietary studies in middle-aged Japanese.

BACKGROUND: We designed a data-based semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire to clarify the relationship between food intake and lifestyle-related diseases among middle-aged Japanese. METHODS: A total of 351 middle-aged individuals were recruited to a one-day weighed diet record survey in 1994. In all, 586 foods were consumed. Intake of 31 nutrients including energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate, vitamins, minerals and dietary fiber by food was computed by multiplying the weight of food consumed by its nutrient content. First, 252 foods with up to 90 cumulative % contribution to nutrient intake were selected. Of these, foods having apparently the same/similar nutrient content were combined into 206 foods by research dietitians. Next, 183 foods with up to 0.90 cumulative multiple regression coefficient and 90 cumulative % contribution were chosen. At this stage an additional food grouping was made. RESULTS: Finally, 102 foods/recipes were included in the questionnaire: rice (2 items), bread and noodles (11), eggs, milk and dairy products (10), soybean, soybean products and other beans (7), meat including beef, pork and chicken (12), fish (5), other fish, shellfish and fish products (10), green-yellow vegetables (8), other vegetables and mushrooms (7), edible roots (2), seaweeds (3), seeds (2), fruits (8), beverages (7) and confectioneries (8). The frequencies were classified into eight categories. Portion size was calculated for the respective foods largely from the one-day weighed diet record. CONCLUSIONS: The developed semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire substantially covered the intake of 31 nutrients and may be competent to rank middle-aged Japanese efficiently.

Databases as Topic↗
PubMed1998

Provirus load in patients with human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 uveitis correlates with precedent Graves' disease and disease activities.

We previously demonstrated the increased provirus load in the peripheral blood of patients with human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) uveitis (HU). To delineate the relevance of the increased provirus load to clinical and immunologic parameters, we studied the correlation between them. Seventy-nine HU patients (24 male and 55 female) were included in the study, with their informed consent. Plasma samples and genomic DNA of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated and the provirus load was estimated by semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction of the gag region sequence. Serum levels of anti-HTLV-1 antibodies and soluble IL-2R were determined by electrochemiluminescence immuno assay and by ELISA, respectively. Disease activities were assessed and graded 0 to 4 according to the evaluation system. Recurrence of the disease during the follow-up period was diagnosed ophthalmologically. The provirus load was significantly higher in the HU patients after Graves' disease (GD) than in those without GD (P<0.05). It correlated with disease activities assessed in terms of vitreous inflammation and interval to recurrence (both P<0.05). In the HU patients without GD, it correlated with the serum levels of soluble IL-2 receptor (P<0.01), and nearly with those of HTLV-1 antibody (P=0.063). These correlations were not found in the HU patients after GD under methimazole treatment. The results suggested a direct involvement of HTLV-1-infected cells in the pathogenesis of uveitis, and raise the possibility that hyperthyroidism may contribute to the clonal expansion of HTLV-1-infected cells.

Graves Disease↗
PubMed1998

Advanced onset of menarche and higher bone mineral density depending on vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism.

Bone mineral density (BMD) at distal forearm, and weight and height of healthy Japanese girls aged 18-19 years were measured and their age at menarche was obtained through a questionnaire. A statistically significant association was found between BMD at distal radius and vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphism at the ApaI site. The age at menarche in the population with Aa genotype was significantly earlier than that in the aa population. In addition, BMD was significantly dependent on the earlier onset of menarche in the population with genotype Aa but not in the population with genotype aa. BMD was also positively associated with the body mass index (BMI) in the population with genotype Aa. Statistical analysis suggested a stronger effect of VDR genotype on age at menarche than on BMI. Thus, we show that VDR gene polymorphism advances the age at menarche and increases BMD in cooperation with age at menarche.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1998

Smoking and dietary risk factors for cervical cancer at different age group in Japan.

The importance of the major risk and protective factors for cervical cancer in women by age group was evaluated with the use of data from the Hospital-based Epidemiologic Research Program at Aichi Cancer Center (HERPACC), Japan. This study included 416 cervical cancer cases and 20,985 referents confirmed as free of cancer. Cases and referents were divided into three age groups: the younger, middle and older age groups (30-44, 45-54 and 55-69 years old, respectively). Logistic model was applied separately to the three groups to estimate odds ratios (ORs) of smoking, beverage and dietary habits with adjustment for marital and reproductive factors. The elevated OR of current smokers was observed consistently in all age groups, while alcohol intake did not show any increased ORs. Dietary control for health lowered ORs for all three age groups, and the effect appeared to be more pronounced among the older age group (OR = 0.49, 95% confidence interval: 0.30-0.80). Higher frequency intake of green-yellow vegetables consistently afforded lower ORs among all three age groups. This risk increment of smoking and risk reduction by dietary control were consistent in all age groups. These findings suggested practicable prevention strategy for the cervical cancer by modifying general life style.

Acculturation↗
PubMed1998

Cytochrome P450 2C9 catalyzes indomethacin O-demethylation in human liver microsomes.

Indomethacin is a widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. We studied the human cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoform responsible for indomethacin O-demethylation, the major metabolic pathway for indomethacin. For indomethacin O-demethylase activities, the KM value was 34.6 +/- 5.4 muM and the Vmax value was 14.1 +/- 3.9 pmol/mg/min in human liver microsomes (N = 4). Indomethacin O-demethylase activity in human liver microsomes was competitively inhibited by sulfaphenazole, (S)-warfarin, and tolbutamide and was not affected by alpha-naphthoflavone, (S)-mephenytoin, or erythromycin. Indomethacin O-demethylase activities in microsomes from nine human livers were significantly correlated with tolbutamide hydroxylase activities (r = 0.750, p < 0.05) and not with (S)-mephenytoin 4'-hydroxylase activities. When the capacity for indomethacin O-demethylation in microsomes of B lymphoblastoid cells expressing human CYPs was investigated at an indomethacin concentration of 5 microM, cDNA-expressed CYP2C9 exhibited 6-fold greater activity than did CYP2C19. At an indomethacin concentration of 50 microM, cDNA-expressed CYP1A2 and CYP2D6 also exhibited slight activities. The KM values were 9.9 +/- 1.2 and 117.1 +/- 13.8 microM and the Vmax values were 0.33 +/- 0.05 and 0.24 +/- 0.04 pmol/min/pmol CYP in microsomes with cDNA-expressed CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, respectively (N = 4). Considering the 16-fold higher intrinsic clearance of CYP2C9, compared with that of CYP2C19, and these expression levels in human livers, the contribution of CYP2C19 to indomethacin O-demethylation was considered to be negligible. Indomethacin appears to be O-demethylated exclusively by CYP2C9 in humans.

Alkylation↗
PubMed1998

Primary localization amyloidosis of the sublingual gland.

We here in present a very rare case of primary localized amyloidosis with amyloid A protein of the sublingual gland. It presented a tumorous appearance on the left oral floor. Pretreatment with potassium premanganate made biopsy specimens unstained by Congo red. Immunohistochemical staining for AA protein was positive. Systemic amyloidosis was ruled out based on clinical and laboratory examinations. The gastric and the labial salivary glands biopsy showed no amyloid deposits. As far as we know, this is the first case of primary localized amyloidosis with amyloid A protein of the oral cavity, and tumor-formed amyloidosis of the sublingual gland.

Amyloidosis↗
PubMed1998

Histological grading of malignancy correlates with regional lymph node metastasis and survival of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma.

This study evaluated the effectiveness of certain clinical and pathologic parameters in prognosing in oral squamous cell carcinoma (O-SCC). Patients and Methods. We performed a univariate and multivariate analysis of 212 patients with O-SCC and thus determined the move valuable factors in making a prognosis. We then investigated the relationships among the various pathologic parameters and regional lymph node metastasis. Regarding the pathologic parameters, a multivariate analysis using Cox's proportional hazard model determined inflammatory infiltration, invasive tendency, necrotic tendency, mitotic figures, and vascular permeation to be significant and independent prognostic factors affecting O-SCC. In addition, such the pathologic parameters as the mode of invasion, cellular atypia, mitotic figures, a necrotic tendency and as invasive tendency all correlated with the occurrence of regional lymph node metastasis. These statistically estimated histological grading of malignancy was thus found to be clinically acceptable and useful in helping to make a prognosis of O-SCC patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

GB virus C/hepatitis G virus infection among patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in the inshore area of the Yangtze River, China.

To investigate the association between GB virus C/hepatitis G virus (GBV-C/HGV) infection and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in H city, in the inshore area of the Yangtze River, where high prevalence of HCC has been reported, we determined hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) markers, GBV-C/HGV-RNA and GBV-C/HGV E2 antibody (anti-HG E2) among 114 HCC patients and the same number of age- and sex-matched controls. There were no significant differences in the clinical and demographic characteristics between them, except for serum alanine aminotransferase level and history of liver diseases. There was a significant difference of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) prevalence between the HCC patients (75.4%) and the controls (20.2%; P<0.01). Hepatitis C virus antibody was detected in 4.4% of the HCC patients, compared with 1.7% of the controls. GB virus-C/HGV-RNA and anti-HG E2 were detected in 14.9 and 1.7% of the HCC patients, respectively, compared with 7.0 and 1.7% of the controls, respectively. Nucleotide sequences and molecular evolutionary analysis showed the strains of GBV-C/HGV-RNA were classified into genotype 2 and 3 (HG and ASIA type). An effect analysis showed an odds ratio (OR) for developing HCC from GBV-C/HGV infection among HBsAg-positive subjects was 14.9, with a 95% CI of 4.9-45.4. HBsAg infection alone was 13.83 (95% CI 7.4-25.9) and GBV-C/HGV infection alone, 3.74 (95% CI 1.1-13.1), respectively. These data indicate that HBV infection is considered to be one of the major risk factors in patients with HCC and although GBV-C/HGV infection was observed in both the HCC and the control groups, it might not play an important role in the development of HCC in this area.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Combination assay for tumor markers in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

PURPOSE: This study evaluated use of a combination assay of tumor markers in the diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Serum levels of four tumor markers (carcinoembryonic antigen [CEA], squamous cell carcinoma antigen [SCCA], immunosuppressive acidic protein [IAP], and cytokeratin 19 fragment [Cyfra]) were simultaneously measured in 42 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (O-SCC) and in 12 patients with oral benign diseases. RESULTS: The positive rates were 31.0% for CEA, 38.1% for SCCA, 52.4% for IAP, and 38.1% for Cyfra in patients with O-SCC. These rates were significantly different (P < .01) from those of control patients with oral benign diseases. The sensitivity (81.0%) and accuracy (77.8%) of the combination assay uses higher than that obtained with individual markers. CONCLUSION: A combination assay with CEA, SCCA, IAP, and Cyfra may be useful for the screening of patients with suspected oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Impact of family history on the risk of breast cancer among the Japanese.

To assess the impact of family history on the risk of developing breast cancer, a case-referent study was conducted using data from the Hospital-based Epidemiologic Research Program at Aichi Cancer Center (HERPACC), Japan. In total, 1,551 breast cancer cases were included and 28,450 women, confirmed as free of cancer, were recruited as the reference group. The odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were estimated by using an unconditional logistic regression model. Stratification by age at diagnosis was done to evaluate the impact of family history on early (< 40 years of age) vs. later (> or = 40 years of age) onset. New findings obtained from the present study were as follows. 1) For women having a family member with ovarian cancer, the OR for breast center diagnosed under age 40 was 5.04 (95% CI: 1.48-17.1). 2) The effect of family history on the risk of breast cancer was greater when a sister(s) was (were) positive (OR = 3.51) than when the mother was positive (OR = 1.47). 3) The estimated proportional ratio (PR) for breast cancer was 2.63 (95% CI: 2.05-3.38) among sisters excluding probands, while PR for cancers other than breast cancer was 1.09 (95% CI: 0.94-1.27). This result suggested that a family history of breast cancer, especially among sisters, elevated the risk of developing breast cancer. Furthermore, when women had a sister(s) with breast cancer diagnosed prior to 40 years of age, their family history of breast cancer affected their risk of cancer of the breast and other organs.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Problems on the diagnosis of sudden infant death syndrome.

Various autopsy cases of sudden unexpected death (SUD) in infancy were examined at the Tokyo Medical Examiner's Office between 1985 and 1994. More than half of the SUD were diagnosed as sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), but a number of other causes, such as mechanical asphyxia, were also diagnosed. SIDS is diagnosed by autopsy, but there are no clear diagnostic criteria differentiating SIDS from other causes of SUD. SUD is diagnosed as SIDS when other causes are excluded, but it is difficult to distinguish between SIDS and mechanical asphyxia. There was not a large difference in autopsy findings, or in death scene or statistical data, between SIDS and non-SIDS cases. In their estimation of the diagnostic ratio of SIDS to other causes of death, medical examiners might be divided into three groups: 'SIDS tolerationist' examiners think that SUD should be positively diagnosed as SIDS, insofar as another cause of death is not proved clearly. A second group of examiners might be regarded as 'SIDS exclusionist': these consider microscopic findings or peculiar death scenes as important contributing factors leading to death. The third group represents a middle stance somewhere between these two. We thought that (forensic) pathologists as well as medical examiners in Japan might have differing stances on SIDS diagnosis. The statistical analysis of SIDS in certain research areas may be affected by the diagnostic 'preference' of pathologists belonging to a certain institute.

Asphyxia↗
PubMed1997

Dietary patterns in Japanese migrants to southeastern Brazil and their descendants.

This paper describes the dietary patterns of people of Japanese ancestry living in São Paulo, Brazil. Two cross-sectional surveys using a food frequency questionnaire (in 1989 and 1995) and self-administered three-day food record (only in 1995) were carried out in randomly chosen first-generation (Japan-born) and second-generation (Brazil-born) Japanese living in the city of São Paulo (n = 166), aged 40-69 years at the time of the first survey (1989). Daily intake of rice, bread, milk, fruits and coffee, and infrequent consumption of pork, green tea, black tea, tsukemono (pickled vegetables), seaweed and mushrooms were reported. The mean (+/- standard deviation) daily proportions of energy from fat among Japan-born participants were 27.2 +/- 6.7% for men and 26.2 +/- 6.7% for women. The respective figures for Brazil-born Japanese were 30.1 +/- 7.4% and 29.5 +/- 6.4%. These values were quite close to recent estimates for the general Brazilian population in metropolitan areas (about 30%), but seem to be higher than available data from Japan (25.3%). Dietary changes in this migrant population are discussed with focus on nutrients currently implicated in the etiology of major chronic diseases.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Reproducibility of self-administered questionnaire in epidemiological surveys.

We evaluated the reproducibility of data on intake frequency of 33 food items, beverage intake frequency of 3 items, drinking and smoking habits, and past history of 10 diseases obtained from a self-administered questionnaire. The survey subjects consisted of 263 aged 39 to 79 years individuals in the general population. After about one year interval these subjects consecutively participated in two surveys and were unintentionally requested to answer to the same questionnaire. The means of percent exact agreements for 33 food items were 48.4% in all, 42.7% in males and 49.4% in females. The means of their percent agreements within one category difference were 85.4% in all, 83.3% in males and 85.8% in females. The reproducibility of beverage intake frequency was the highest in green tea, followed in order by black tea and coffee. The percent exact agreements were 85.4% in males and 81.8% in females for drinking habit, 87.5% in males and 99.0% in females for smoking habit, and 93.7% in males and 97.2% in females for past history. The reproducibility of the self-administered questionnaire was the highest in past history, followed in order by smoking habit, drinking habit and dietary habit. The values of reproducibility were higher in females than in males except for drinking habit. Although reduction of categories was needed to improve the reproducibility, the obtained values from the self-administered questionnaire were sufficiently high for epidemiological studies.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1997

[Properties in elastin of different arteries: cross-links, hydrophobicity and fibronectin in elastin fraction].

In order to evaluate the quantitative and qualitative changes of elastin in different arteries, biochemical properties were measured; that is, elastin content, isodesmosine (ID) as cross-links content, free thiol content (free SH/total SH), hydrophobic properties and coexisting fibronectin (FN) content in elastin fraction from different arteries, correlation coefficients of these properties and these their effect with aging were also calculated. The results from different arteries in regard to changes in elastin can be summarized as follows: 1. The basilar artery in the quantitative changes of elastin. There was no correlation of these parameters in the basial artery from the other arteries. 2. The content of ID in the coronary artery was lower than that of the other arteries. The level of ID was negatively associated with aging, FN, elastin and free SH. On the other hand, the level of free SH was positively associated with aging, cholesterol and FN. 3. The contents of free SH, hydrohobicity and FN in elastin from the arch to the thoracic artery were lower than that of the other arteries. Hydrohobicity was negatively correlated with ID, and FN was positively correlated with cholesterol. 4. In the abdominal artery, FN content was higher than that of other arteries. There was a correlation between FN and free SH. However, free SH was inversely associated with elastin, ID and hydrohobicity.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Evaluation of neo-adjuvant chemotherapy for oral squamous cell carcinoma].

In the present study, we investigated the clinical and histopathological effects of CP therapy consisting of cisplatin (CDDP 50 mg/m2) or carboplatin (CBDCA 300 mg/m2) and peplomycin (PEP 5 mg/day) for 25 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. The effects of treatment and associated complications were as follows: 1) Complete response (CR) was achieved in 8 and partial response (PR) in 14 of the 25 cases. The overall clinical response rate was 88%. The histological response rate was 64%. 2) The clinical effects were not always consistent with the histopathological effects. There were discrepancies between the clinical and histopathological effects, especially in PR determined by clinical findings. 3) The principal adverse reaction was gastro-intestinal disturbances, but symptoms were able to be controlled. Signs of hematologic toxicity and renal disturbance were mild and did not preclude the continuance of therapy. The results of this study indicated that neo-adjuvant chemotherapy with CDDP and PEP was highly effective for the local control of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Adult↗