The relationship of parental perceptions and experiences to car seat use in rural children.
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Automobiles↗
Biomedical subjects
S Tobin
Publications and source records attributed to S Tobin.
How reliable are commercial allergy tests?
The ability to diagnose allergic disease was studied in 9 fish-allergic and 9 control subjects, who provided specimens of blood and hair for testing. All fish-allergic subjects had previously been shown at Guy's Hospital to have a positive skin prick test to fish. The specimens were submitted as coded, duplicate samples to five laboratories which all offer a commercial service in carrying out diagnostic tests for allergy. All five laboratories were not only unable to diagnose fish allergy but also reported many allergies in apparently non-allergic subjects and provided inconsistent results on duplicate samples from the same subject.
Adult↗
A chicken leukocyte common antigen: biochemical characterization and ontogenetic study.
A monoclonal antibody, designated CL-1, was produced by immunizing mice with chicken peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and selected in an indirect immunofluorescence assay. CL-1 characterizes a cell surface antigen expressed on all chicken hemopoietic cells except mature erythrocytes. Cells stained by CL-1 were detected at early stages of embryonic development in the various hemopoietic compartments. CL-1 reacts with two chicken PBL proteins of 200 kDa and 215 kDa which are probably the homologues of the T-200 and B-220 antigens previously described in the mouse. Moreover, CL-1 does not react with quail hemopoietic tissues and can be useful in experiments using quail-chick chimeras to study the ontogeny of the hemopoietic system.
Aging↗
The exploding worldwide cancer burden: the impact of cancer on women.
Although age-adjusted cancer death rates have started to decline in the United States and other developed nations - thanks in large part to widespread screening programs that detect cancers at early, treatable stages - cancer in developing countries is on the rise. Ironically, rising life expectancy in those nations along with the adoption of 'Western' lifestyles will leave many more people vulnerable to cancer. Unfortunately, the early detection tools and treatment technology that have helped control cancer in wealthier lands are often not readily available in many other countries. Much of this increased cancer burden will take the form of cancers that affect women - not only breast, cervical, and other gynecologic cancers but colorectal cancer, lung cancer, and other malignancies related to tobacco. Physicians specializing in cancer care for women need to be alert to every opportunity to improve cancer screening and prevention among the growing, aging populations of less-developed countries. Less precise but less costly and more widely available screening techniques may save thousands more lives than the most sophisticated technology because low-cost programs can be applied widely instead of being reserved for a fortunate few. In addition, education and prevention efforts directed toward tobacco use need to be put in place to help stem an epidemic of tobacco-related cancers that has largely peaked in developed countries but looms ominously in the future of developing nations.
Breast Neoplasms↗
"Playing on shifting sand": reflections on the impact of political shifts on community action and public health.
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Attitude to Health↗
Community action success in public health: are we using a ruler to measure a sphere?
The Community Action and Public Health study explored how Ontario public health practitioners interpret and implement guidance in community action. In-depth interviews were conducted with 107 public health professionals and community members in 6 Ontario health units. This report briefly describes the study methods and presents results pertaining to the measurement of success based on interviews with 67 public health professionals. Data substantiate the view that evaluation methodologies employing quantitative measures of epidemiological outcomes inadequately capture "success" in community action, possibly attributable to an unproductive dichotomization of "process" and "outcome". Results suggest two kinds of "success": a) changes related to stated goals and targets; and b) more iterative and process-oriented changes, including necessary but often undocumented shifts in relationships, structures, social conditions and processes. In order to legitimize and validate results that might otherwise pass unrecognized, we suggest a methodology that records project "milestones" as successes in their own right.
Attitude of Health Personnel↗
Pediatric emergency review: a "hands-on" approach.
A "hands-on" approach to pediatric emergency review was developed to improve retention of psychomotor skills and instill critical thinking for pediatric nurses in anticipation of pediatric emergency situations.
Clinical Competence↗