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Biomedical subjects

S Teramoto

Publications and source records attributed to S Teramoto.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

[Clinical evaluation of lung abscess diagnosed by transtracheal aspiration].

We have diagnosed lung abscess according to findings of infiltration with cavity formation on chest X-ray and/or CT-scan and pathogens isolated from transtracheal aspirates. We evaluated the clinical features of 20 patients with lung abscess (18 males and 2 females, mean age; 54.3 years). Diabetus mellitus and periodontal diseases were prominent underlying diseases in patients with lung abscess. Cough was complained in 13 patients, chest or back pain in 9, purulent sputum in 8 and hemosputum in 5 when the patients admitted to our hospital. A temperature higher than 38 degrees C was present in 12 patients but temperature les than 37 degrees C in 2. Multiple microorganisms were cultured from TTA in 15 patients. A mean of 2.7 bacterial species per patient was isolated, aerobes alone being isolated in 2 patients, anaerobes alone in 3, and mixed aerobic and anaerobic isolates in 10. Seventeen strains of aerobes and 35 of anaerobes were isolated. Major pathogens were Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus intermedius and other in aerobes, and Peptostreptococcus micros, Fusobacterium necrophorum, Prevotella melaninogenica and others in anaerobes. Abnormality of chest X-ray was located on the right upper lobe in 6 patients, the right lower lobe in 6, the left upper lobe in 6, the left lower lobe in 4 and the right middle lobe in 1. All patients were cured only by treatment of antimicrobial agents, but cavity formation on chest X-ray remained in 4 patients after the treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Clinical analysis of patients with sepsis--comparison between underlying diseases].

We evaluated the clinical data in 83 patients with sepsis, which was diagnosed by both Bone's definition of sepsis and positive isolates from blood culture, according to their underlying diseases. This study enrolled a total of 117 septic episodes in 83 patients (57 males and 26 females, mean age: 52.0 years). We classified 3 groups, including hematological malignancies (46 patients, 72 episodes), solid malignant tumors (23 patients, 25 episodes) and non-malignancies (14 patients, 20 episodes), by the underlying diseases. Of the total number of isolates from blood culture, 53.0% were single gram-positive bacteria, 33.3% were single gram-negative bacteria, 7.7% were single fungus and 6.0% were polymicrobial organisms. In addition, coagulase negative staphylococci was isolated most often in patients with hematological malignancies. Sepsis was often caused by infectious focuses of hemorrhoid, stomatitis or intravenous catheter in patients with hematological malignancies, by pneumonia in patients with solid malignant tumors and by urinary tract infection in patients with non-malignancies. Mortality of sepsis in patients with solid malignant tumors (48%) was highest in 3 groups. Septic patients, who were complicated with shock and/or DIC, has poor prognosis in all groups. Serum albumin level was significantly lower in dead patients than patients who survived. These results suggest that clinical features may be different according to the underlying diseases of patients with sepsis.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Factors influencing adeno-associated virus-mediated gene transfer to human cystic fibrosis airway epithelial cells: comparison with adenovirus vectors.

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors appear promising for use in gene therapy in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, yet many features of AAV-mediated gene transfer to airway epithelial cells are not well understood. We compared the transduction efficiencies of AAV vectors and adenovirus (Ad) vectors in immortalized cell lines from CF patients and in nasal epithelial primary cultures from normal humans and CF patients. Similar dose-dependent relationships between the vector multiplicities of infection and the efficiencies of lacZ gene transfer were observed. However, levels of transduction for both Ad and recombinant AAV (rAAV) were significantly lower in the airway epithelial cell than in the control cell lines HeLa and HEK 293. Transduction efficiencies differed among cultured epithelial cell types, with poorly differentiated cells transducing more efficiently than well-differentiated cells. A time-dependent increase in gene expression was observed after infection for both vectors. For Ad, but not for AAV, this increase was dependent on prolonged incubation of cells with the vector. Furthermore, for rAAV (but not for rAd), the delay in maximal transduction could be abrogated by wild-type Ad helper infection. Thus, although helper virus is not required for maximal transduction, it increases the kinetics by which this is achieved. Expression of Ad E4 open reading frame 6 or addition of either hydroxyurea or camptothecin resulted in increased AAV transduction, as previously demonstrated for nonairway cells (albeit to lower final levels), suggesting that second-strand synthesis may not be the sole cause of inefficient transduction. Finally, the efficiency of AAV-mediated ex vivo gene transfer to lung cells was similar to that previously described for Ad vectors in that transduction was limited to regions of epithelial injury and preferentially targeted basal-like cells. These studies address the primary factors influencing rAAV infection of human airway cells and should impact successful gene delivery in CF patients.

Adenoviruses, Human↗
PubMed1998

Immunohistochemical localisation of advanced glycation end products in pulmonary fibrosis.

AIM: To investigate the presence and distribution of advanced glycation end products (AGE) in pulmonary fibrosis. METHODS: Lung tissue samples obtained from seven necropsy cases with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and seven with normal pulmonary parenchyma were examined immunohistochemically with a monoclonal antibody specific for AGE: 6D12. We also tested three cases with diffuse alveolar damage. RESULTS: All the specimens from cases with pulmonary fibrosis and diffuse alveolar damage showed strong AGE expression on macrophages. Lung specimens from normal parenchyma showed positive AGE immunoreactivity on macrophages from only two of seven cases. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that AGE modified proteins accumulate in alveolar macrophages in patients with diffuse alveolar damage and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Investigation of effects of anesthesia and age on aspiration in mice through LacZ gene transfer by recombinant E1-deleted adenovirus vectors.

To examine the role of disturbed upper airway reflexes in aspiration, we administered 20 microliters of the adenovirus (Ad) vector Ad-CMV-LacZ or 20 microliters of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) intranasally to C57 black mice. We investigated expression of the LacZ gene by this Ad vector in the nostrils of each mouse, with or without anesthesia. Under anesthesia, LacZ gene expression was detected in the lungs of every mouse given the Ad vector. However, no LacZ gene expression was found in the trachea or lungs of mice given the Ad vector without anesthesia. In mice given PBS or wild-type adenovirus transnasally during anesthesia, there was no LacZ gene expression in the nostrils, trachea, or lungs, suggesting that with 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside (X-gal) staining, blue-stained cells indicated transferred LacZ gene expression. These results suggested that aspiration of intranasal solution into lower airways was caused by disturbed upper airway reflexes during anesthesia. This process can be analyzed by the distribution of LacZ gene expression in airways. We next examined the effect of age on anesthesia-induced aspiration. Twenty-six-mo-old mice exhibited more LacZ gene expression in their lungs than did 6-mo-old mice at a concentration of 0.5 to 4.0% halothane in 100% oxygen. This suggests that light anesthesia may depress upper airway reflexes and cause aspiration in older animals. This novel model of aspiration, generated with the Ad-CMV-LacZ vector, may be useful for elucidating the mechanism of development of aspiration pneumonia in relation to age-related impairment of upper airway reflexes.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed1998

Acid fog and hospital visits for asthma: an epidemiological study.

The aim of this study was to elucidate the adverse respiratory effects of naturally occurring acid fog. In total, 102 adult asthmatic patients (44 nonatopic and 58 atopic) were studied for a 2 yr period (January 1992 to December 1993) in Kushiro, a city with only a small industrial area, located in the northern-most island in Japan. Fog occurred on 378 out of 731 days, and the acidity of the fog ranged from pH 3.32 to 6.91 (mean pH 4.95). The association between hospital visits for asthma and meteorological factors or air pollutants was investigated. In nonatopic patients, fog, high ozone and water vapour pressure, low day-to-day temperature differences, low concentrations of atmospheric NO and NO2 contributed significantly (p<0.05) to increasing hospital visits. In atopic subjects, fog, high water vapour pressure, low levels of atmospheric NO2 and SO2 contributed significantly to hospital visits (p<0.05). In Poisson regression analysis the remaining factors of significance (p<0.01) for nonatopic asthma were fog and low NO and for atopic asthma were high water vapour pressure and low SO2 (p<0.05). A weak but significant correlation was observed between the number of hospital visits and the mean pH of the foggy day (r=-0.38, p<0.05) in nonatopic asthmatic patients, not in atopic asthma. On foggy days, gaseous air pollutant levels were significantly (p<0.01) lower than on fog-free days. It was concluded that, naturally occurring acid fog may have a weak bronchoconstrictive effect which appears to be more influential in nonatopic asthmatic subjects than in atopic subjects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Effect of ambroxol on oxygen radical production and generation by bronchoalveolar lavage cells in young and aged guinea pigs.

We examined the effect of ambroxol and age on oxygen radical production and generation with stimulation of phorbol-myristate acetate (PMA) by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells. Lung free cells including pulmonary alveolar macrophages were harvested from young (4-month-old) and aged (28-month-old) male guinea pigs using BAL. The oxygen radicals produced by BAL cells with or without stimulation of PMA were measured by the lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence method using a photon counter. Oxygen radical production and generation by BAL cells were not different between young and aged guinea pigs. However, the oxygen radical generation after stimulation with PMA was greater than the oxygen radical spontaneous production both in young and aged animals. Ambroxol solution given into culture media containing BAL cells inhibited oxygen radical production and generation by BAL cells harvested from both young and aged guinea pigs in a concentration-dependent manner. Approximately 16-20 microM of ambroxol inhibited 50% of the production of oxygen radicals in vitro by BAL cells in young and aged guinea pigs, whereas a slightly greater amount of ambroxol was necessary to inhibit 50% of the PMA-induced oxygen radical generation in vitro by BAL cells in guinea pigs. These results indicate that ambroxol inhibits oxygen radicals produced by BAL cells from young and aged guinea pigs, and they suggest that ambroxol may be a possible therapeutic modality for ameliorating oxidant associated pulmonary disorders in young and aged patients.

Aging↗
PubMed1998

Inhibitory effect of ambroxol on superoxide anion production and generation by murine lung alveolar macrophages.

We examined the effect of ambroxol on superoxide anion production before and generation after phorbol-myristate acetate (PMA) stimulation of lung alveolar macrophages. Lung free cells including lung alveolar macrophages were obtained from Fischer 344 rats and guinea pigs using bronchoalveolar lavage. The superoxide anion produced by lung alveolar macrophages with or without stimulation of PMA was measured by lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence method using a photon counter. Ambroxol inhibited the superoxide anion production and generation by lung alveolar macrophages harvested from both F344 rats and guinea pigs in a dose-dependent fashion. Approximately 16 mumol/L of ambroxol inhibited 50% of superoxide production of lung alveolar macrophages in rats and guinea pigs, whereas a slightly greater dose of ambroxol, i.e., 18-26 mumol/L, was necessary to inhibit 50% of PMA-enhanced superoxide generation by lung alveolar macrophages. These results suggest that ambroxol acts as an antioxidant in murine lungs and may be a potential therapeutic option for reactive oxygen species-associated lung disorders including bronchial asthma.

Acridines↗
PubMed1998

[Influence of kyphosis on the age-related decline in pulmonary function].

To examine the influence of kyphosis on pulmonary function in the elderly, 300 consecutive healthy subjects (aged 20-94 years old) were evaluated using pulmonary function tests (TLC, VC, FEV1, RV) and static maximal pressures (PImax and PEmax). Kyphosis of the thoracic bones was measured at Cobb's angle. VC, FEV1. PImax and PEmax showed a significant age-dependent decline. Cobb's angle had a positive relationship with age and was negatively correlated with TLC, VC, FEV1 and PImax. Further, RV/TLC strongly correlated with Cobb's angle and PImax. Stepwise regression analysis revealed that the kyphotic angle was an independent determinant for PImax and RV/TLC. These results indicate that kyphosis significantly affects lung volume and maximal inspiratory pressure in the elderly and those affected should have careful assessment of their pulmonary function and respiratory pressures.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[An animal model of aspiration and aspiration pneumonia using lacZ gene expression in lungs by adenoviral vectors].

To examine the relationship between disturbed upper airway reflexes and aspiration pneumonia, we administered a total volume of 20 microliters of Ad-CMV-lacZ (Ad vector) or 20 microliters of phosphate buffer solution (PBS) intranasal to C57 black mice. In nostrils, the lacZ gene expression was investigated in each mouse with or without anesthesia. Under anesthesia, the lacZ gene expression was detected by Xgal staining in the lungs of every mouse given the Ad vector. However, no gene expression was measured in the lungs of those given the Ad vector without anesthesia. In mice treated with PBS, there was no lacZ gene expression in the nostrils, trachea, or lungs, irrespective of anesthesia. These results suggest that unconsciousness or disturbed upper airway reflexes caused by anesthesia caused aspiration, resulting in an intranasal bolus that can reached the lower airways. This process can be analyzed in mice tracted with adenovirus vectors carrying the E. coli LacZ gene. Mice given Ad-CMV-lacZ transnasally can be used to study aspiration pneumonia in relation to unconsciousness.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed1998

[Renal tubular acidosis type II secondary to gamma-light chain excretion in an elderly patient with multiple myeloma].

A 73-year-old woman was admitted to the geriatric ward of the University of Tokyo Hospital with anemia, osteepeina, and renal dysfunction. Although symptoms typical of multiple myeloma such as punched-out lesions and hyperproteinemia were not found, protein electrophoresis revealed that lambda type Bence-Jones protein was excreted in urine. Multiple myeloma was diagnosed. Furthermore, renal dysfunction was accompanied renal tubular acidosis type II (proximal type). Renal dysfunction in patient with multiple myeloma in usually caused by so-called myeloma casts in the distal tubules, but renal tubular acidosis type II is rarely observed. It is possible that injury of the proximal renal tubular eithelium by Bence-Jones protein resulted in renal tubular acidosis type II in this patient.

Acidosis, Renal Tubular↗
PubMed1998

[Results of SMANCS/Lipiodol injection therapy for multiple intrahepatic recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma].

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) often recurs in the remnant liver after hepatectomy. Treatment is often ineffective in cases of multiple recurrence. We treated 18 cases of multiple recurrence with SMANCS/Lipiodol injection (SML). Four patients were treated with SML once, 11 patients were treated twice, and each patient was treated with three or four times with SML. The Effective rate of the 1st SML was 30%, but the effective rate of the 2nd SML was 60% in the plasma tumor marker levels. The effective rate between unilobular recurrence and bilateral recurrence was the same. A complete response was obtained in 2 cases, and partial response in 2 cases. The effective rate of SML was 4/18 (22.2%). These effective cases suffered a recurrence within a year. The cumulative survival rate at the end of the 24th month was 42.4%. Overall survival was significantly higher in the group with SML than in the group with TAE or TAI with the multiple recurrence. SML may be effective in early recurrence because these recurrent nodules are vascular-rich and there is much lipiodol accumulation. SMANCS/lipiodol injection therapy is expected to be an effective treatment in cases of early multiple recurrence after hepatectomy.

Antineoplastic Agents↗