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Biomedical subjects

S Taylor

Publications and source records attributed to S Taylor.

At least 541 records · Page 30Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Extracorporeal circulation induced microvascular perfusion injury of the small bowel.

Gastrointestinal complications following cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) are relatively uncommon, but are associated with a high mortality rate. Impairment of bowel perfusion during and following CPB may serve as a trigger for the development of multiorgan failure. The aim of our study was the development of a new animal model allowing quantitative analysis of small bowel microcirculation during and after CPB. Twelve Landrace pigs served as laboratory animals. A 15-cm loop of the terminal ileum was exteriorized for microscopic observation. In 6 animals, a normothermic, partial left heart bypass (pLHB) was established for 2 h with a flow rate of 2,000 ml/min. Arterioles, collecting venules and the capillaries of the small bowel were recorded for the analysis of the microcirculation. All parameters were recorded prior to, during pLHB and up to 2 h after weaning off the bypass. Six sham operated animals served as controls. Despite unchanged hemodynamics, pLHB leads to microvascular perfusion disturbances of the small bowel. In pLHB animals, blood cell velocity in postcapillary venules (30-70 microm) was significantly decreased during and following bypass. Capillary density was also reduced during bypass and decreased even further after pLHB to only 30% of the control values. With this new large animal model for quantitative assessment of microvascular perfusion of the small bowel during CPB, it could be clearly demonstrated that partial normothermic left heart bypass leads to a significant disturbance of the small bowel microcirculation even under stable hemodynamic conditions.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

In vitro suppression of the normal mitogenic T lymphocyte response by steady state sickle cell disease sera.

This study is part of a long term evaluation of sickle cell disease (SCD) as a paradigm for immunosuppression. Serum was obtained from 43 SCD patients during the steady (healthy) state. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), separated by density gradient were obtained from 8 normal healthy donors. PBMC were utilized in assays directly or as a source for obtaining, total T (CD3) and helper T (CD4) cell populations separated by specific T cell columns. Standard in vitro phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation of lymphocyte cultures was done with culture media containing 10% SCD serum, as compared to normal pooled O, Rh+ (O+) serum. Mitogenic responses were expressed as mean counts per minute (cpm) and stimulation index of triplicate cultures. Results revealed PHA responses were positive in all experiments when a standard stimulation index of 10 or greater was used as a test parameter for comparison. Positive results were demonstrated in 43/43 (100%) of triplicate cultures regardless of serum type in all experiments. Conversely, by using mean cpm as the test criterion, suppression of PHA response was shown in SCD serum supplemented cells as follow; 36/43 (84%) of PBMC, 35/43 (81%) of CD3 and 37/43 (86%) of CD4 cultures. The degree of suppression ranged from > 10% to 98% in individual experiments, as compared to O+ serum. Inhibitors of normal T lymphocyte in vitro PHA response appear to be present in a significant percentage of SCD sera even during the healthy state of disease. Type 2 cytokines which suppress cell mediated immunity would seem to be the most likely inhibitory agents.

Anemia, Sickle Cell↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The needs of caregivers.

Caring for elderly mentally ill people impacts on many aspects of informal caregivers' lives. Respite care is one of the few strategies aimed directly at caregivers and its benefits have been well documented. As part of a wider strategy review of continuing care and respite care for the growing elderly population in an inner London health authority we focused specifically on the needs of caregivers and their elderly dependants with a diagnosis of dementia. A focus group was organised in order to elicit caregivers' perspectives on caring and their views on local services. This component of our overall review highlights the importance of investing further in informal caregivers who, to date, have successfully prevented a large number of admissions to continuing care facilities.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Recruitment. Promoting nursing: a new approach.

Concern over the implications for recruitment brought about by the predicted decline in the population of 18-year-olds has caused nursing to re-evaluate its recruitment and retention policies. Susan Taylor describes an innovative approach to increasing recruitment which involved student nurses speaking directly to school pupils about life in nursing. Early results indicate that the project has achieved considerable success.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A tale of two tribes.

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Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Computerized test development software. A comparative review updated.

This article provides a comparative review of nine commercially available software programs: A+ Test Manager and Test Taker, CATSoftware, Diploma 97, Examaker for Windows, FastTEST, Microtest Pro, Pedagogue, Question Mark, and Test Construction Set. Issues for using test development software are covered including security, pedagogical uses, and test design and administration. Nurse educators are encouraged to consider the unique needs of each setting when selecting a software package to support test development and administration.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gender differences in the etiology of anxiety sensitivity: a twin study.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the magnitude of genetic and environmental factors on anxiety sensitivity by gender. DESIGN: Classic twins reared-together study design. PATIENTS: A community sample of 337 twin pairs, including 179 monozygotic (45 brother and 134 sister pairs) and 158 dizygotic (28 brother, 94 sister, and 36 brother-sister pairs). METHOD: Twin pairs completed the Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI) using a postal survey design. The ASI is composed of three factors: (1) fear of anxiety-related somatic sensations; (2) fear of cognitive dyscontrol due to beliefs that sensations like depersonalization are signs of mental illness (e.g., fear of concentration problems); and (3) fear of publicly observable anxiety reactions (e.g., fear of trembling). Biometrical modeling techniques were used to estimate heritability of the ASI dimensions by gender. RESULTS: ASI factors are heritable only in women, accounting for 37% to 48% of the total variance (median, 44.5%). Environmental factors accounted for all the variability in men. CONCLUSIONS: These findings have implications for understanding the etiology of panic disorder. Previous research suggests that anxiety sensitivity is a risk factor or diathesis for this disorder, and that panic disorder is more prevalent in women than men. Our findings suggest the hypothesis that the increased prevalence in women may occur because anxiety sensitivity is heritable in women.

Anxiety↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lost in the system.

Today's health care system is not well suited to the needs of the elder patient. The author discusses the dilemmas confronting this patient population, the increase in the size of the elder population, and the changing lifestyles of elders. It is important for all health care practitioners to recognize and understand these issues and assist the elder patient in obtaining quality health care.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dental erosion associated with asymptomatic gastroesophageal reflux.

An eight-year-old girl presented with severe erosion of the primary dentition and early erosion of the erupted permanent teeth. Although the pattern of erosion was consistent with that seen with acid erosion, the diagnosis could not be elucidated from the patient's symptoms, or medical or dental history. A 24-hour pH probe study documented severe gastroesophageal acid reflux. Oral salivary pH tested during sleep nightly for one week revealed low oral pH. Treatment with metoclopramide and ranitidine was instituted to decrease acid availability for reflux. Custom-fitted, maxillary and mandibular trays were fashioned to deliver sodium fluoride gel twice daily, and fissure sealants were placed in the hopes of retarding erosion of existing permanent teeth, as well as preventing similar erosion of erupting permanent dentition.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Direct binding of protein A, protein G, and anti-IgG conjugates to chicken infectious anemia virus.

Recombinant Protein A, recombinant Protein G, and anti-chicken-IgG anti-bodies raised in rabbits, goats, or horses were found to bind directly to chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV). MSB-1 cells infected with the Cux-1 strain of chicken anemia agent, but not to uninfected MSB-1 cells were found to react with fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugates. In an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, rabbit anti-chicken horseradish peroxidase conjugate bound directly to CIA-1 CIAV-coated plates. In addition, sera from a low percentage of specific-pathogen-free breeder hens reacted in an indirect fluorescent antibody test to detect CIAV antibodies. These reactions generally disappeared within a month. The breeder flocks were demonstrated to be free of CIAV infection by the susceptibility of their progeny.

Anemia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Construct and empirical validity of the Self-As-Carer Inventory.

The Self-As-Carer Inventory was designed to permit individuals to express their perceived capacity to care for self. In the first phase of the study, a 44-item questionnaire was developed and tested through factor analysis primarily using a college population (Geden & Taylor, 1988). After the instrument was revised, a second study, reported here, was conducted with a more heterogeneous population. The age range of the respondents was broadened and the variability of health state and ethnicity was increased. Factor analysis with rotation was conducted on 589 completed inventories using the revised 40-item questionnaire. The 4-factor Promax solution accounted for 52% of the variance. Retention of factors with eigenvalues greater than 1 led to a 6-factor solution accounting for 58% of the variance. Significant positive correlations were found between total scores on the Self-As-Carer Inventory and ratings of health in general (r = .29, p = .0001), health at this moment (r = .25, p = .0001), and an estimate; of the amount of their own self-care provided (r = .36, p = .0001). No differences were found in total scores across health state, defined as respondents' reports of being sick-at-home (n = 130), hospitalized (n = 259), or well (n = 200).

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Divide and conquer.

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Administrative Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Shaping the future. The marriage of nursing theory and informatics.

The link between nursing theory and computerized nursing information systems is explored. In particular, the use of Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory in the development of an information processing model for use in a computerized nursing information system is described. This development is discussed with reference to the American Nurses' Association design criteria for computerized nursing information systems. There is some indication that the design criteria do not adequately address the relationships among nursing theory, nursing processes, and computerized nursing information systems.

American Nurses' Association↗