Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S Taylor

Publications and source records attributed to S Taylor.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Characterization of receptors for insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 on FRTL-5 thyroid cells.

FRTL-5 rat thyroid cells have receptors for both insulin and IGF-I which can be distinguished in binding studies. The ability of TSH to regulate each in an antiparallel manner is atypical. If these receptors are shown to have independent as well as coordinate activities, studies of the mechanisms of their receptor cross-talk in these cells will be relevant to understanding IGF-I and insulin receptors in other tissues.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Cross-allergenicity in the legume botanical family in children with food hypersensitivity. II. Laboratory correlates.

Only two of 41 legume-allergic patients diagnosed by double-blind, placebo-controlled oral food challenge or "convincing history" of anaphylaxis had an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction to more than one member of the legume family. However, extensive immunologic cross-reactivity was demonstrated among legume antigens on Immunoblot and Immunodot-blot analyses and prick skin tests. The proteins of six legumes (peanut, soybean, lima bean, pea, garbanzo bean, and green beans) were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, transferred to nitrocellulose, and probed with sera from six legume-allergic patients. Multiple IgE-binding bands were identified in each legume lane by the sera from each of these legume-allergic patients. In vitro cross-reactivity did not correlate with clinical hypersensitivity. All the legumes studied (except green bean) had a prominent band at 20 kd. Numerous proteins and protein subunits can be identified in each of the legumes (16 peanut, 21 soybean, 23 lima bean, 25 pea, 22 garbanzo bean, and 11 green bean protein bands) by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and it appears that legume-allergic patients' sera may recognize multiple similar fractions from each legume. A second in vitro test was performed in which the six legume extracts were bound directly onto nitrocellulose paper. These "legume" Immunodot blots were probed for specific IgE-binding activity with sera from 62 patients with positive legume prick skin tests. The legume Immunodot blots again demonstrated extensive clinically irrelevant cross-reactivity. However, this test may prove useful as a simple technique for screening food-specific IgE with minimal quantities of sera.

Antigens↗
PubMed1989

Changes in phospholipid fatty acid composition and triacylglycerol content in mouse tissues after infection with bacille Calmette-Guérin.

Changes in the lipids of tissues from mice infected with bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) have been detected by gas-liquid chromatography. Infection with BCG resulted in (1) an increase in the polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratio of phospholipids and (2) a decrease in the total triacylglycerol fatty acid content of spleen, liver and peritoneal macrophages. The alteration in fatty acid composition was significant in the phosphatidylethanolamine fraction of the phospholipids. The relation of these findings to an increased sensitivity to bacterial endotoxins is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Spontaneously regressing adrenocortical carcinoma in a newborn. A case report with DNA ploidy analysis.

Adrenal cortical carcinoma is an uncommon neoplasm in children. Only a handful of congenital adrenal cortical carcinoma cases have been described. A newborn who had metastatic adrenal cortical carcinoma (skin metastases and cerebral lesions) is described. This patient underwent surgical resection of the right adrenal primary, but no further treatment was given. Hemihypertrophy developed in this patient by 2 months of age, and at 4 months of age spontaneous regression of all skin nodules and central nervous system (CNS) lesions was observed. Follow-up at 1 year shows the patient to be alive, well, and disease-free. Evaluation of the tumor included DNA ploidy analysis that showed the tumor to be polyploid, a pattern recently associated with nonmetastasizing adrenal cortical neoplasm. The observation of apparent metastatic disease that regressed spontaneously highlights the prognostic value of DNA ploidy analysis and raises the possibility of an adrenal tumor with properties similar to those of Stage IV-S neuroblastoma.

Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms↗
PubMed1988

Preoperative combined modality therapy for stage III M0 non-small cell lung carcinoma.

More than 1/3 of all non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) patients present with locally advanced non-metastatic disease. Despite radiation therapy and surgery the survival of these patients remains poor. In an effort to improve upon these results 33 clinical Stage III M0 patients from April 1985 through September 1986 were entered into a Phase II study at Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center. Treatment included 5-FU by continuous infusion, VP-16, cisplatin and concurrent split course radiation therapy followed by surgical resection when possible. The overall clinical response rate is 74%. Fifty-seven percent of the preoperative group of patients went to surgery with a 100% resectability rate. These patients had a 50% pathologic complete response with no tumor found in the resected specimen. All surgical margins were free of disease and there were no operative deaths. This concurrent combined modality therapy is feasible with the major toxicities being leukopenia, nausea, and vomiting. With an overall median follow-up of 15 months, 36% of the patients remain alive. Overall local control is 71%. Actuarial observed 2 yr. survival is 33% and the median survival is 15 months. Histologic complete response appears to be an early indicator of the efficacy of this treatment regime. With 83% of the resected pathologic complete responders alive without evidence of disease, this preoperative combined modality therapy offers an appealing approach.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1988

Scintigraphic and magnetic resonance studies in a patient with Gaucher's disease.

In-111 chloride imaging was used in the evaluation of a patient with Type I Gaucher's disease before splenectomy for pancytopenia. This case is the first report of its use in this clinical setting. The image demonstrated the presence of adequate marrow reserve, thereby suggesting that the pancytopenia was due to hypersplenism rather than marrow replacement. Normalization of blood counts after splenectomy confirmed this interpretation. Eight months later, the patient had acute pain in the left knee. Bone imaging suggested a left lateral tibial plateau fracture that was not seen on plain radiographs or magnetic resonance imaging, but was confirmed by x-ray tomography. The significance and implications of these findings are discussed.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMed1988

Photosynthetic Carbon Fixation in Guard Cell Protoplasts of Vicia faba L. : Evidence from Radiolabel Experiments.

Photosynthetic carbon fixation in guard cells was reexamined in experiments with highly purified guard cell protoplasts from Vicia faba L. irradiated with red light. The fate of (14)CO(2) (4.8 microcuries of NaHCO(3); final concentration: 100 micromolar) supplied to these preparations was investigated with two-dimensional paper, and thin layer chromatography. Rates of CO(2) fixation were 5- to 8-fold higher in the light than in darkness. Separation of acid-stable products into water-insoluble, neutral, and anionic fractions showed that more radioactivity was incorporated into the neutral fraction in the light than in the dark. In the dark, malate and aspartate comprised 90% of the radiolabel found in the anionic fraction, whereas in the light, radioactivity was also found in 3-phosphoglyceric acid (PGA), sugar monophosphates, sugar diphosphates, and triose phosphates. Phosphorylated compounds contained up to 60% of the label in the light-treated anionic fraction. Phosphatase treatment and rechromatography of labeled sugar diphosphate showed the presence of ribulose, a specific metabolite of the photosynthetic carbon reduction pathway (PCRP). In time-course experiments, labeled PGA was detected within 5 seconds. With time, the percentage of label in PGA decreased and that in sugar monophosphate increased. We conclude that PGA is a primary carboxylation product of the PCRP in guard cells and that the activity of the PCRP, and phosphoenolpyruvate-carboxylase is metabolically regulated.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1988

Leucine auxotrophy specifically alters the pattern of trichothecene production in a T-2 toxin-producing strain of Fusarium sporotrichioides.

The biosynthetic pathway for trichothecenes in the filamentous fungus Fusarium sporotrichioides NRRL 3299 has been further characterized. Experiments using the techniques of mutational analysis and the incorporation of radiolabeled precursors indicated that leucine is a direct precursor to the isovalerate moiety present in the trichothecene, T-2 toxin. Analysis of trichothecene production in a UV-induced leucine auxotroph also revealed the existence of a branched biosynthetic pathway which results in the coproduction of T-2 toxin and the T-2 toxin analogs neosolaniol, 8-isobutyryl-neosolaniol, and 8-propionyl-neosolaniol. Leucine limitation imposed by the leucine auxotroph simultaneously led to underproduction of T-2 toxin and overproduction of these T-2 toxin analogs, which are produced in small amounts by the wild-type parent. Furthermore, it was shown that the ratio of T-2 toxin to T-2 toxin analogs produced by the leucine auxotroph can be modulated by the concentration of leucine in the medium. These results suggest that the four trichothecenes mentioned above are derived from a common intermediate and that there is competition for this intermediate among the branched pathways leading to these four cometabolites.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1988

Identification of a subgroup of patients with breast cancer and histologically positive axillary nodes receiving adjuvant chemotherapy who may benefit from postoperative radiotherapy.

Risk factors for isolated local-regional (LR) recurrence following mastectomy for breast cancer were analyzed in a review of 627 women entered into Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) adjuvant chemotherapy trials between 1978 and 1982. Premenopausal patients were randomized to cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil (5-FU) (CMF), cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-FU, and prednisone (CMFP), or cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-FU, prednisone, and tamoxifen (CMFPT). Postmenopausal patients were randomized to observation, CMFP, or CMFPT. Median follow-up time was 4.5 years. At 3 years, 225 patients relapsed and in 70 (31% of failures, 11% of all patients) the initial site was LR without distant metastases. In a multivariate analysis, the risk of an isolated LR recurrence significantly correlated with the number of positive axillary nodes, the primary tumor size, the presence of tumor necrosis, and the number of axillary nodes examined. Factors that significantly discriminated between an isolated LR recurrence and distant metastasis were the number of positive nodes and primary tumor size. Patients with four to seven positive nodes or tumor size greater than or equal to 5 cm had a chance of developing an isolated LR recurrence almost equal to the risk of distant metastases. These findings suggest a potential for improved survival in this subset of patients with the addition of postmastectomy radiation to chemotherapy, and continue to emphasize the presence of a group of patients at high risk for isolated LR recurrence despite adjuvant chemotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Primary localized amyloidosis of the bladder with a monoclonal plasma cell infiltrate.

A case of primary tumour-like amyloidosis of the urinary bladder is described. The plasma cell infiltrate around the amyloid deposition revealed monoclonality by both immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescence methods and the amyloid gave a staining reaction consistent with AL type. A local tissue based immunocyte dyscrasia appears to be responsible for the tumour-like amyloid deposition.

Adult↗