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Biomedical subjects

S Tarui

Publications and source records attributed to S Tarui.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Platelet glycoprotein IIb as a target antigen in two patients with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.

We have investigated the target antigens recognized by anti-platelet antibodies in patients with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) using an immunoblot procedure which could electrically separate the glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa complex into GPIIb and GPIIIa. Various platelet proteins, having molecular weights of 167, 160, 145, 135, 124, 102, 92 and 80 kD, were recognized by circulating antibodies in 11 of 40 ITP patients. We identified the 145 kD antigen band, seen in two ITP patients, as GPIIb using thrombasthenic platelets as a source of target antigens. In one patient the anti-GPIIb antibody reacted with autologous GPIIb. These studies provide direct evidence for the presence of autoantibodies against GPIIb in some ITP patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Familial renal hypouricemia with intact reabsorption of uric acid.

Three patients with renal hypouricemia in the same family are described. Serum urate levels in the mother were in the low normal range and were below normal in her 2 sons. In all 3 patients, the ratios of renal urate clearance to creatinine clearance were abnormally elevated. Clear responses to either pyrazinamide or probenecid administration were observed in these ratios. These results suggest that these 3 patients had renal hypouricemia with normal reabsorption of urate as judged by the criteria for differentiating abnormalities in renal urate handling. This corresponds to the previously postulated mechanism as renal urate hypersecretion. Possible limitations to the diagnostic use of probenecid and pyrazinamide are also discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The effect of hypermagnesaemia on serum immunoreactive calcitonin levels in normal human subjects.

The effect of hypermagnesaemia on serum levels of immunoreactive calcitonin was studied in normal human subjects. After iv administration of magnesium sulphate over 120 min, the mean (+/- SEM) serum magnesium concentration rose from the baseline level of 0.9 +/- 0.1 to 2.6 +/- 0.3 mmol/l (P less than 0.01), and thereafter remained higher than the baseline level. The magnesium infusion caused a significant increase in serum immunoreactive calcitonin levels (P less than 0.01). The rise in serum magnesium concentration was accompanied by a significant decrease in the concentrations of corrected serum calcium and whole blood ionized calcium (P less than 0.01, P less than 0.01 respectively). Our results suggest that hypermagnesaemia causes an increase in serum immunoreactive calcitonin levels in normal human subjects despite a decrease in the concentrations of corrected serum calcium and whole blood ionized calcium.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Animal models utilized in the research of diabetes mellitus--with special reference to insulitis-associated diabetes.

Much experimental data on animal models of diabetes indicate the marked heterogeneity in the pathogenesis of this disease. Conversely, they also indicate that a single causal factor can develop highly diverse phenotypes of diabetes. For insulitis-associated diabetes, the NOD mouse and BB rat are particularly valuable because of the need for more research on the etiology of autoimmune-insulitis and in the search for methods to suppress this self-damaging process. insulitis-associated diabetes in animals including recent steps towards prevention of

Alloxan↗
PubMed1987

Increased circulating Ia-positive T cells in patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.

Peripheral blood T cells from 40 patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) were analysed for the presence of surface Ia antigens using monoclonal antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence. The percentage of Ia-positive (Ia+) T cells was significantly increased in patients with ITP (6.8 +/- 2.9%, P less than 0.005) as compared with normal controls (2.3 +/- 0.9%). There was an inverse correlation between the percentages of Ia+ T cells and platelet counts (r = 0.58, P less than 0.005) and a positive correlation between the percentage of these cells and platelet-associated IgG (PAIgG) values (r = 0.55, P less than 0.01). The percentage of Ia+ T cells was found to decrease within two weeks during therapy with high dose gamma-globulin or corticosteroid. We have previously reported the presence of T cells bearing both helper/inducer (H/I) and suppressor/cytotoxic (S/C) phenotypes (double labelled cells, DLC) in patients with ITP and an inverse correlation between the percentages of DLC and their platelet counts. In the present study, we showed that a major part of Ia+ T cells had both H/I and S/C phenotypes. We also examined the correlation between Ia+ T cells and autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR). A defective AMLR was demonstrated in patients with ITP. Furthermore, an inverse correlation was found between the percentages of Ia+ T cells and the proliferative responses to AMLR (r = -0.49, P less than 0.01). These results suggest that increased circulating Ia+ T cells play a role in the abnormalities of the immunoregulatory system of ITP, especially in the regulation of autoantibody production.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1987

Relationship between LDL receptor activity and development of coronary heart disease in Japanese cases with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia.

To assess the clinical significance of low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor activity on the development of coronary heart disease (CHD) in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), we determined the binding, internalization and degradation of 125I-LDL using skin fibroblasts from 66 Japanese cases with heterozygous FH over 30 years old. Although the LDL receptor activity showed a wide variation in the subjects with heterozygous FH, it negatively correlated with the serum LDL-cholesterol levels (r = -0.407, p less than 0.01 for internalization; r = -0.384, p less than 0.01 for degradation). There was no difference in the levels of serum total- and LDL-cholesterol between the CHD (+) (positive) and the CHD (-) (negative) groups, while the serum high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol level was lower in the CHD (+) group than in the CHD (-) group (p less than 0.01). The mean receptor activity (degradation) of the CHD (+) group was significantly lower than that of the CHD (-) group (p less than 0.05). Stepwise linear discriminant analysis disclosed that not the level of LDL-cholesterol but the LDL receptor activity could also be a discriminator of CHD in patients with heterozygous FH as well as age, serum HDL-cholesterol level and a smoking habit. In conclusion, LDL receptor activity of cultured fibroblasts may also be one of the factors involved in the development of CHD in patients with heterozygous FH.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Increased compliance of niceritrol treatment by addition of aspirin: relationship between changes in prostaglandins and skin flushing.

The relation of plasma levels of prostaglandins to the occurrence of flushing induced by niceritrol was investigated. Niceritrol increased plasma levels of PGE2 (p less than 0.01) and 6 keto-PGF1 alpha (p less than 0.05) in 10 male subjects and aspirin reduced the level of PGE2 (p less than 0.01). Five of 10 subjects had flushing, and aspirin reduced flushing in 4 subjects. On the basis of the above study, we treated 35 hyperlipidemic patients with niceritrol in combination with aspirin, investigating the effect of the treatment of serum lipids and postheparin lipolytic activity. None of the 12 cases given aspirin from the start of the treatment experienced flushing, whereas 9 of the 23 cases not given aspirin experienced flushing, which was suppressed by adding aspirin in prescription in all cases except one. Niceritrol decreased serum cholesterol, triglyceride and atherogenic index. It also increased HDL2 cholesterol and decreased HDL3 cholesterol. The LPL activity in postheparin plasma increased in all cases after niceritrol treatment. In conclusion, aspirin increased compliance of niceritrol by reducing the occurrence of flushing probably due to the decreased levels of prostaglandins, yielding favorable results for the long-term treatment of hyperlipidemia with a sufficient doses of niceritrol.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMed1987

Analysis of antigen involved in circulating immune complexes in patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.

Circulating immune complexes (CIC) were frequently observed in patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). To analyse the pathogenic role of CIC, we studied the correlation between the disease activity and the CIC level, and whether platelet antigens were involved in CIC from ITP sera. Elevated CIC levels, measured by Clq, anti-C3 and spermatozoa micro-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, were found in 37%, 54% and 52% of the patients, respectively. However, there were no significant correlations (r = -0.11, -0.03 and -0.04, respectively) between the platelet count and the CIC level. Platelet antigens in CIC were detected with rabbit anti-human platelet serum. The CIC from 18%, 25% and 25%, respectively, of ITP sera contained platelet antigens, but the CIC from only 3%, 9% and 6% of SLE sera and from 3%, 2% and 5% of the sera of alloimmunized patients, respectively, contained these antigens. There were significant correlations (r = 0.51, 0.80 and 0.65, respectively) between the amount of platelet antigens and the CIC level in ITP sera. However, there were no correlations (r = -0.26, -0.29 and 0.08, respectively) between the platelet count and the amount of platelet antigens in the CIC. We detected platelet antigens in CIC from ITP sera, but surmise that these CIC perhaps do not play an important role in platelet destruction.

Antibody Specificity↗