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Biomedical subjects

S Tarpila

Publications and source records attributed to S Tarpila.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Carcinoembryonic antigen in endoscopic brush specimens from benign and malignant gastric lesions.

The measurement of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in serum and endoscopic brush specimens was evaluated for the differential diagnosis of malignant and nonmalignant gastric disease. Brush specimens were studied from 33 patients with gastric cancer and 36 patients with benign gastric lesions or apparently normal gastric mucosa. Demonstrable CEA immunoreactivity was found by radioimmunoassay in brush specimens from 24/33 cancer patients (73%) and from 23/36 patients with benign lesions (64%). Patients with CEA+ tissue in the immunoperoxidase test had somewhat higher CEA concentrations in the brush specimens than cases with CEA- biopsy tissue, although overlap was considerable. Thirty-five per cent of cancer patients had both a positive tissue CEA reaction and a CEA/DNA ratio greater than 10 ng/micrograms, whilst patients with benign lesions had only 15% of positives by these criteria (0.01 greater than P greater than 0.001). The serum CEA concentration was above the upper normal level of 5 ng/ml in 2/39 patients, both of whom had gastric cancer. The CEA immunoreactive material from benign and malignant lesions eluted in gel filtration on Sephadex G-200 in the same volume as CEA purified from liver metastases of cancer of the colon, showing that a glycoprotein sharing immunological and physicochemical properties with CEA is present both in malignant and nonmalignant lesions of the gastric mucosa, and that there is considerable overlapping in the amount of CEA. The estimation of CEA in gastric-brush specimens is therefore of limited value in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant gastric lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Areae gastricae and gastritis in double contrast barium meal.

The areae gastricae were studied in patients with different forms of gastritis and with normal gastric mucosa. The material consisted of 57 patients. First gastroscopy was done and biopsies were taken. The stomach was studied on the following day by the double contrast barium meal. The material was divided according to the gastroscopic and biopsy findings into the following groups: normal, superficial gastritis, mixed gastritis, and atrophic gastritis. In the analysis of the surface pattern, special attention was paid to the shape, size and defects of areae gastricae. Corpus and antrum were dealt with separately. In the normal material the areae gastricae were regular in shape, and the size was usually 1--3 mm. Irregular shape, bigger size and more frequent defect areas seemed to point to gastritis. Such changes were especially clear in atrophic gastritis. The significance of the areae gastricae in practice is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Effect of cirrhosis of the liver on the pharmacokinetics of chlormethiazole.

The pharmacokinetics of chlormethiazole were studied in eight patients with advanced cirrhosis of the liver and in six healthy volunteers after oral and intravenous administration of the drug. In the patients the systemic bioavailability of oral chlormethiazole was increased about tenfold, whereas its elimination was only slightly retarded. The increased bioavailability was clearly due to decreased first-pass metabolism of chlormethiazole in the cirrhotic liver. The results indicate that chlormethiazole should be used in reduced dosage when given by mouth to patients with cirrhosis of the liver.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1978

Effects of bran on serum cholesterol, faecal mass, fat, bile acids and neutral sterols, and biliary lipids in patients with diverticular disease of the colon.

Twenty-two patients with symptomatic diverticular disease of the colon were randomly allocated to control and high-fibre groups so that the long-term effect (up to 12 months) of bran on serum, faecal and biliary lipids could be studied. Even in cases of high initial values, faecal mass was increased by bran and the change was positively correlated with the change in dietary fibre. Faecal fat and dry weight were also increased. Faecal bile acids were initially slightly raised and were positively correlated with wet weight both off and on bran. The latter significantly decreased the excretion and concentration of bile acids, in particular the high initial values. The change in bile acids was not correlated with the change in dietary fibre or faecal wet weight. Sterol balance values indicated that the bran-induced decrease in faecal bile acids was associated with a lower cholesterol synthesis. Serum cholesterol decreased significantly in two hypercholesterolaemic individuals only. Correlations between different parameters revealed that the higher the initial level or the greater the drop in cholesterol synthesis, the greater the decrease in serum cholesterol. Bran had no effect on the biliary saturation of cholesterol. The percentage of biliary deoxycholate was negatively correlated with faecal mass (less so with faecal bile acid output) both before and during bran and was significantly decreased by bran. The percentage of cholic acid increased correspondingly and that of chenodeoxycholate remained unchanged. Faecal bile acids also indicated that the synthesis of the two primary bile acids was lowered by bran to the same degree.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Fecal beta-sitosterol in patients with diverticular disease of the colon and in vegetarians.

Fecal sterol analysis showed that excretion of beta-sitosterol, a major component of poorly absorbable dietary vegetable sterols, is subnormal in patients with diverticular disease of the colon. Thus, the patients had evidently consumed a diet low in plant materials. The finding agrees with the current opinion that diverticular disease of the colon is associated with dietary fibre deficiency and suggests that fecal beta-sitosterol provides a rough measure of the vegetable intake. In vegetarians the beta-sitosterol excretion was actually high.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Effect of pectin on serum cholesterol, fecal bile acids and biliary lipids in normolipidemic and hyperlipidemic individuals.

Pectin, 40-50 g/day for two weeks administered to nine normolipidemic and hyperlipidemic patients, had no effect on serum triglycerides but did cause a significant decrease in the serum total and unesterified cholesterol of hypercholesterolemic subjects in particular. This was associated with increased excretion of fecal bile acids and total steroids and increased concentration of plasma methyl sterols. Thus, the serum cholesterol reduction by pectin appears to be caused by increased cholesterol elimination into stools as bile acids which is then balanced by enhanced cholesterol synthesis. The composition of biliary bile acids and lipids was not changed and secondary bile acids and sterols decreased inconsistently in feces. The measurement of fecal dry weight suggested that the bulk of the pectin was degraded by bacteria during passage through the intestine. Consequently fecal mass and dry weight were not consistently increased, suggesting that pectin may not be an ideal fibre for increasing fecal bulk in functional colonic disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Gluten-free diet in dermatitis herpetiformis. I. Clinical response of skin lesions in 81 patients.

Eighty-one patients with dermatitis herpetiformis were treated with a gluten-free diet (GFD) for periods varying from 6 to 36 months. At the end of the treatment the daily requirement of dapsone was significantly lower in patients treated with a GFD than in 49 patients on a normal diet. 93% of the patients on a GFD were able to reduce the dose of dapsone whereas only 16% of the patients on a normal diet were able to do this. Complete remissions occurred only in patients on a GFD. 28% of the patients on a GFD were able to stop dapsone completely and were continuously asymptomatic when they observed a strict diet. A response to a GFD was noted on the mean daily requirement of dapsone as soon as the treatment was initiated although the length of time for an individual response varied. After one year on a GFD the patients needed on average about 40% and after 3 years about 20% of the dose required to control skin symptoms at the beginning of the diet. The patients responded to a GFD irrespective of changes found in the jejunal mucosa and irrespective of the presence of absence of HLA-B8.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

The efficacy of single dose of pindolol in hypertension.

The effect of pindolol was studied in 32 patients suffering from hypertension of WHO grad I or II. 25 of these patients respondered to pindolol administered three times daily, and were thereafter treated with a single 20-40 mg dose of pindolol. Normotension was achieved in 15 patients and a satisfactory result in five patients but three patients did not respond to the single dose and two had to interrupt their treatment because of side effects. The side effects were generally mild. As a significant observation NaCl retention was found. It may be due to the preceeding diuretic treatment in most patients, but nevertheless needs further investigations.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1977

Cell contacts and polysomes in irradiated human jejunal mucosa at onset of epithelial repair.

Epithelial ultrastructure was studied in the jejunal biopsies of irradiated cancer patients at early stages of mucosal regeneration 1 to 3 days after completing treatment. Major changes in the typical atrophic areas lacking villi were the following: (1) Cell contacts were loose between surface epithelial cells lacking signs of degeneration with extracellular gaps visible between the lateral membrane interdigitations. (2) Numerous processes from such epithelial cells extended into the underlying basement membranes and sometimes, especially in crypt areas, came into close contact with processes from underlying mesenchymal cells. (3) The epithelial cells often had enlarged nucleoli with granular threads. Increased amounts of epithelial cells were also seen with numerous membrane-free polysomes. The study suggests that at the onset of jejunal epithelial regeneration in man an epitheliomesenchymal cell interaction takes place similar to that described in normal gut development in laboratory animals. The possible significance of the close contacts between epithelial and mesenchymal cells, also seen in crypt areas of regenerated epithelium, is discussed in the light of mechanisms proposed for tissue interactions. The noticed increase in polysomes is interpreted as a morphologic sign of activated protein synthesis in the differentiating cells of the epithelium.

Epithelial Cells↗