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Biomedical subjects

S Tanneberger

Publications and source records attributed to S Tanneberger.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

5-Fluorouracil, epirubicin and cyclophosphamide (FEC combination) in advanced breast cancer.

Thirty patients with advanced breast cancer, not pretreated with chemotherapy for advanced disease, received a polychemotherapy regimen containing 5-fluorouracil (500 mg/m2 iv), epirubicin (50 mg/m2 iv) and cyclophosphamide (500 mg/m2 iv) every four weeks. All patients were evaluable for response and for toxicity. No complete remissions were observed, while 13 patients (43.5%) achieved a partial remission for a median duration of 46 weeks. The main side-effects were alopecia (grade 2-3 in 57%), leukopenia (grade 3-4 in 33%) and nausea/vomiting (grade 3-4 in 27%). In three cases we observed laboratory signs of cardiotoxicity without clinical symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Cancer chemotherapy today and in the future].

The results which are obtained by means of the chemotherapy of cancer during a forty-year history lie behind our expectations. Nevertheless the chemotherapy of cancer is to be used curatively in about 15 per cent of all sorts of tumours, and a palliative effect can be expected in about 40% of all tumorous diseases. It must also not be forgotten that the chemotherapy of cancer has stimulated the oncologic basic research as well as the clinical oncology and is continuing to stimulate it. There are furthering and promising conceptions for the future development of chemotherapy of cancer which are based on the rapid increase of knowledge on the part of the oncologic basic research. There is no doubt that the advance of the oncologic basic research can be introduced into clinical practice only on the way of chemotherapy of cancer. In all other conceptions of the chemotherapy of cancer the patient's right to a high quality of life must not be forgotten. Here a change of thinking with regard to the positions of the past is necessary.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1990

Phase II study of pirarubicin (THP-adriamycin) in metastatic breast cancer patients.

Fourteen patients with metastatic breast cancer previously treated with one chemotherapy regimen received Pirarubicin at a dose of 70 mg/m2 at 3-week intervals. In 7 patients the dose had to be reduced, in 1 patient to 40 mg/m2 and in 6 patients to 50-60 mg/m2. There were 1 complete and 2 partial remissions. These objective responses were observed in soft tissue, lung and pleural areas and lasted 1+; 4+ and 5+ months. Grade 3 and 4 leukopenia was found in 42%, grade 3 thrombocytopenia in 2%, grade 3 nausea/vomiting in 29% of the cycles. Grade 1 and 2 alopecia occurred in 64% of the patients, the remaining 36% of the patients did not suffer from any alopecia. No cardiotoxic side effects were observed in 13 patients. In 1 patient with severe coronary heart disease extrasystoles and reduction in left ventricular ejection fraction occurred. Pirarubicin has antitumor activity in previously treated metastatic breast cancer patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Determination of antineoplastic activity and toxicity of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in animal experiments. Correlation to clinical findings.

Because of the deep evolutionary roots which macrophages and their products have, it should be possible to relate effects of the biological response modifier TNF observed in cancer patients with those determined in animal species. We have tested this hypothesis both with regard to antitumor efficacy and unwanted side-effects in murine tumor models. In the intramuscularly (i.m.) transplanted B16 melanoma, TNF had both after intratumoral (i.t.) and intravenous (i.v.) administration (qd 7-11, 14-17) a significant and dose-dependent effect on tumor growth. This effect was transitory and led only to a moderate increase in survival time of the animals. This correlates well with the also unsatisfactory clinical antineoplastic activity of TNF. From the measurement of body weight reduction, WBC counts, platelets, recalcification time, transaminases and body temperature in tumor bearing mice it can be concluded that there are close similarities to the side-effects observed in patients, although the level and/or time course of the noticed changes were differently expressed. In principle, it seems possible to predict clinical effects of biological response modifiers in animal experiments even if not all mechanisms are clearly understood.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Phase II clinical trial of high-dose recombinant human tumor necrosis factor.

Based on a phase I study in 1986, 22 patients have been entered in a phase II study of high-dose human tumor necrosis factor (rH-TNF) since May 1987. Of these patients, 18 are evaluable at present, 2 are still under investigation, and 2 have dropped out. All had advanced stages of cancer (9 soft-tissue sarcomas, 3 melanomas, 5 hypernephromas) and inclusion in the study was ethically acceptable (informed consent). The daily dose of rH-TNF was 15 x 10(5) units/m2, escalated to 21 x 10(5) units/m2 (683-956 micrograms/m2 every week; range 1-6 cycles). Additional prophylactic ketoprofen administration was carried out. Of the 18 evaluable patients, 4 responded with no change (2/4, clinical improvement) and 14 showed progressive disease. The main toxicities observed were hypotension (decrease in systolic blood pressure, 21-60 Torr), leukocytosis, increases in ALAT/ASAT (WHO grade 0-4), fever (WHO grade 1-2), chills (mild to moderate), neurotoxicity (WHO grade 0-2), and nausea/vomiting (WHO grade 0-3).

Adult↗
PubMed1989

A randomized clinical trial comparing systemic radiotherapy versus chemotherapy versus local radiotherapy in small cell lung cancer.

Between 1982 and 1987 a prospectively randomized trial of sequential hemibody irradiation (SHBI) (A), a non-cross-resistant chemotherapy drug combination (B) and local and/or locoregional radiotherapy (C) in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) was conducted. Previously untreated patients with extensive SCLC were randomized into three arms: A = 31 patients, B = 37, C = 31. In the chemotherapy combination, the following were used: etoposide, doxorubicin, methotrexate (VAM) and procarbacine, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, lomustine (POCC) and prophylactic cranial irradiation (30 Gy). The results show that the median survival was significantly (P less than 0.01) better in chemotherapy (44 weeks) compared with 17 and 20 weeks in arms A and C, respectively. One year and 2 year survival rates were better for the chemotherapy arm. No differences were found between groups A and C. In comparing the total hospitalization time expressed as a percentage of overall survival, an advantage for group B was shown. In conclusion, high dose SHBI cannot be recommended as a standard therapy for extensive SCLC.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1989

[Results of antineoplastic chemotherapy based on the oncobiogram].

An organ culture assay for in vitro chemosensitivity testing was used to predict clinical responses of various tumors to antineoplastic chemotherapy. 9 patients with advanced mammary carcinomas, 7 patients with metastatic malignant melanomas, 1 patient with advanced ovarian cancer, 1 with bronchogenic carcinoma, 1 with metastatic leiomyosarcoma and 1 patient with a metastatic carcinoma of the sweat gland were included in the study. 20 in vitro-in vivo correlations were evaluable. 5/9 of the mammary carcinomas showed an objective response, 0/7 malignant melanomas were sensitive in vivo. Further investigations have to assess the value of chemosensitivity assays to predict clinical response for patients with solid tumors.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1988

When must a new approach to treatment be introduced? The ethics of technology assessment.

Prior to the nationwide diffusion of a new technology, evidence must be assembled to demonstrate that a new technology is, in the terminology of WHO, appropriate. Not everything that is new in health technology is good; not all that is good is needed. It is by no means unethical to demand adequate assessment of new technology before it is diffused. On the contrary, it is unethical to squander resources on hazardous and uneffective treatment. Of the methods available for assessment, the randomized clinical trial is among the most valuable. Randomized clinical trials cannot, however, solve all problems. Speed is a critical element. It is not ethical to permit excessive delay. Balanced, relevant, and informative studies must be conducted as quickly as possible and with a maximum of international collaboration. WHO has a valuable role to play in advising on, coordinating, supporting, and disseminating the findings of such studies.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1988

[Sequential animal experimental determination of optimal dosages for combinations of cytostatics using a reduced number of experimental animals (vepeside/ifosfamide combination)].

Complete groups of animals can be economized by application of the Box-Wilson-method to experimental determination of an optimal dosage for a drug combination. It is possible to minimize the number of controls additionally by means of successive cumulation of the number of controls additionally by means of successive cumulation of control-dates of interest over the single experiments of the series required and to improve the estimation of the reference parameter. An example is given to explain the procedure of evaluation of an optimal dosage for the two-drug combination VP16/IFX. Side effects are taken into consideration. An advantage is proved for the combination against the single substances.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Human pharmacological investigation of a human recombinant tumor necrosis factor preparation (PAC-4D) a phase-I trial.

15 patients aged between 24 and 66 years with 10 different malignant tumor diseases were treated with a recombinant human tumor necrosis factor preparation PAC-4D in a phase-I trial. The starting dose was 10(5) U PAC-4D as an intravenous short infusion. The maximally tolerable dose is around 18 X 10(5) U/m2. As the main clinical side effects were observed: fever, chills, hypertension with subsequent hypotension, lethargy, transient somnolence, headache, neurological deficiency symptoms, nausea and vomiting. Important laboratory-chemical parameters were the increase in transaminases and, in higher dose levels, leukocytosis with the left shift and lymphopenia in the differential blood picture. As dose-limiting toxicity are estimated hypotension, and neurological side effects and hepatotoxicity. In one female patient who received 27 X 10(5) U PAC-4D there appeared pronounced, histologically verified necroses in the metastases of a malignant fibrous histiocytoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Alternative medicine in oncology].

Unsolved medical key problems always gave and give way to outsider ideas and alternative-medical activities. This is normal and intellectually to be performed and often to be experienced in a humane respect. The problem of cancer with its great social relevance, but above all with its high moral claim to an early solution is particularly attractive for alternative-medical initiatives. These can be classified into the subjects of alternative diagnostics of cancer, immunotherapy, physiotherapy/homoepathy/organotherapy, anthroposophical cancer therapy, cancer diets and hypertherapy/multistep therapy. The analysis of these initiatives shows that the alternative medicine in oncology, and this is perhaps typical, not on a small scale is determined by personalities with philanthropic ideals, a superelevated consciousness of mission or lost self-criticism. Errors of famous scientists in the younger past are deplorable. Indeed, alternative medicine always means a scientifically devious subject, but on no account an offence against the scientific morality. Alternatively thinking personalities with their ideas may even stimulate, provoke and clarify scientific standpoints. But the analysis of initiatives given also shows that the alternative medicine in oncology may lead to deplorable commercial (iscador, carnivora) or medical doubts. Thus alternative medicine may become a disadvantage, a danger for science (lavished means) and society (misguidance of patients).

Complementary Therapies↗
PubMed1987

[Clinically important antineoplastic agents and risks and limits of their use].

Since the introduction of the systematic development of cytostatic drugs at the beginning of the fifties ca. 1 million substances (natural products and synthetic ones) have undergone a screening and testing on continuously further developing biological systems. As a result nowadays more than ca. 20 cytostatic drugs of unequivocally proven value are at our disposal. According to their mechanism of action these preparations are subdivided into alkylantions, antimetabolites, antibiotics and substances of different efficacy. At present hormones as alternatives of the antineoplastic chemotherapy in carcinoma of the breast and the prostatic gland very dynamically develop. While cytostatic drugs in leukaemias, lymphomas, the chorionepithelioma as well as in the metastasizing carcinoma of the breast, the ovarial carcinoma and the small cell carcinoma of the lung nowadays render possible the prolongation of life, their final value is still to be clarified in other neoplastic diseases. At present the tumour chemotherapy experiences an extremely dynamic development. Hereby apart from after- and side-developments (analogues, derivatives) above all substances with principally new principle of action gain interest and importance (PALA, mitocentron, aminogluthetimide, interferon). The short-term and middle-term risks of antineoplastic drugs are relatively well known. Long-term investigations of side-effects of cytostatic drugs are still infrequent.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1987

Characterization of human mammary normal and neoplastic cells grown in culture.

The paper presented here describes cultivation and characterization of human mammary normal (NMC) and neoplastic (BO) cells. Characteristics: growth rate, colony growth in soft agar, nuclear overlaps, induction of multinucleation by Cytochalasin B and transplantation in vivo were compared between NMC- and BO-cells. Normal (NMC) cells are characterized by a slow growth rate (cell doubling time less than 70 hours), no growth in soft agar, no induction of uncontrolled nuclear division and no development of tumors after transplantation of cells in nude mice in vivo. The two cell types do not differ with respect to the nuclear overlapping ratio. In contrast, neoplastic (BO) cells showed a lower doubling time (less than 20 hours), colony growth in soft agar (greater than 20 colonies/30,000 cells), induction of multinucleation by Cytochalasin B (greater than or equal to 3 nuclei/cell), and tumors in nude mice were observed. Both cell types were recommended as an in-vitro model for screening antineoplastic agents.

Animals↗