Biomedical subjects

S Tanida

Publications and source records attributed to S Tanida.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2005

Efficacy of famotidine and omeprazole in healing symptoms of non-erosive gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: randomized-controlled study of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.

BACKGROUND: The epidemiology and pathophysiology of non-erosive gastro-oesophageal reflux disease differs from erosive gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. There is a possibility that non-erosive gastro-oesophageal reflux disease treatment requires a different regimen/approach but it is not yet acknowledged. AIM: To investigate the efficacy of famotidine and omeprazole in the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, especially non-erosive gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A randomized, open-label trial was conducted. Fifty-four gastro-oesophageal reflux disease patients were assigned to treatment with famotidine at a dosage of 20 mg twice daily; or omeprazole, 20 mg once daily, for a period of 8 weeks. The Short Form-36 Health Survey and Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale administered at baseline and after 8 weeks of treatment as well as a symptom questionnaire were conducted daily. RESULTS: Short Form-36 revealed that gastro-oesophageal reflux disease has severe impact on health-related quality of life. Thirty-nine subjects (77%) were endoscopically diagnosed as non-erosive gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. The mean Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale abdominal pain, and indigestion score of non-erosive gastro-oesophageal reflux disease significantly improved in famotidine-treated patients (P < 0.05), but not in the omeprazole. There was no significant change regarding improved heartburn symptoms of non-erosive gastro-oesophageal reflux disease between treatments in the daytime or night-time. CONCLUSION: Famotidine and omeprazole were both effective in improving symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, particularly non-erosive gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed2004

Helicobacter pylori eradication decreases blood neutrophil and monocyte counts.

BACKGROUND: The effect of Helicobacter pylori infection on systemic disorders is not well understood. AIM: The purpose of this study was to elucidate the systemic effects of H. pylori infection by comparing differential counts of leukocytes and platelets in peripheral blood before and after eradication of H. pylori. METHODS: A total of 164 H. pylori-positive patients underwent eradication therapy, and populations of peripheral blood leukocytes and platelets before and 0 (just after therapy), 1, 3 and 12 months after eradication were retrospectively analysed. RESULTS: In the eradicated group (n = 138), blood leukocytes, neutrophils and monocytes decreased significantly after eradication, but there was no significant change in eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes or platelets. In the non-eradicated group (n = 26), there was no significant change in any studied parameter. With regard to smoking status, although leukocytes and neutrophils did not decrease after eradication in the smoking group, they significantly decreased after eradication in the nonsmoking group. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that: (1) H. pylori infection increases neutrophil and monocyte counts in the peripheral blood, which indicates a significant role of H. pylori infection in systemic disorders; and (2) Smoking may mask the effect of H. pylori eradication on peripheral leukocytes, which would explain the controversy in previous reports concerning H. pylori infection and peripheral leukocytes.

2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles↗

PubMed2001

Thrombin-like enzyme, flavovilase, with kinin-releasing activity from Trimeresurus flavoviridis (habu) venom.

A thrombin-like enzyme, flavovilase, with kinin-releasing activity was isolated, purified, and characterized from the venom of Trimeresurus flavoviridis (habu) using Sephadex G-100, DEAE-Cellulose, and CM-Cellulose column chromatographies. The final preparation was homogeneous as demonstrated by a single band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and isoelectric focusing electrophoresis. The enzyme possesses a molecular weight of 26,500, an isoelectric point of 5.0, and consists of 247 total amino acid residues. Specific electrolytic activities of this enzyme on N-tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester (TAME) and N-benzoyl-L-arginine ethyl ester (BAEE) were determined to be 50.9 and 17.4 micromol/min/mg, respectively. The enzyme was inhibited by p-APMSF (p-amidinophenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride hydrochloride), beta-mercaptoethanol, and N-bromosuccinimide. Additionally, the enzyme was found stable to heat treatment. It was also observed that the enzyme cleaved a kininogen analog with the release of bradykinin.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

Ewing's sarcoma/peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor (pPNET) arising in the omentum as a multilocular cyst with intracystic hemorrhage.

A rare case of Ewing's sarcoma/peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor arising in the greater omentum in a 41-year-old man is reported. The patient presented with a hemorrhagic mesenteric cyst that was disclosed by the results of an abdominal echogram, a computed tomography scan, and magnetic resonance imaging. A laparotomy showed a multilocular cyst with intra-cystic hemorrhage. Histologically, the tumor wall consisted of sheets of small round cells separated by thick desmoplastic stroma. Rosette formations or ribbon-like cell arrangements were absent. Further pathological examination revealed that the membrane of the tumor cells was positive for MIC-2, and negative for epithelial membrane antigen, cytokeratin, and desmin, which are usually positive in intra-abdominal desmoplastic small round-cell tumors. An EWS/FLI1 fused transcript was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. These findings confirmed the diagnosis of Ewing's sarcoma/peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor. The patient died of tumor recurrence 4 months after his first admission. The autopsied tumor tissue exhibited neural differentiation in certain regions. To our knowledge, this is the first case to be reported of Ewing's sarcoma/peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor arising in the omentum with unique pathological features and the occurrence of partial neural differentiation during the clinical course. This case pointed out to us, as gastroenterologists, that only thorough examination confirms a definitive diagnosis of small round-cell tumor of the abdomen, it also shows that Ewing's sarcoma/peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor should be included in the differential diagnosis of cystic lesions in the omentum.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

Social exchange and reciprocity: confusion or a heuristic?

We propose that a "social exchange heuristic" is as important as the cheater detection mechanism for attaining mutual cooperation in social exchange. The social exchange heuristic prompts people to perceive a mixed-motive situation, such as the Prisoner's Dilemma (PD), as an Assurance Game (AG) situation in which cooperation is a personally better choice than defection insofar as the partner is cooperating as well. We demonstrate the operation of the social exchange heuristic through a comparison of the ordinary one-shot, simultaneous PD with the one-shot, sequential PD. Participants in the current experiments, involving a total of 261 volunteers, committed a logical error in the direction of favoring mutual cooperation as the situation involved more serious consequences. This result strongly suggests the operation of a domain specific "bias" that encourages pursuit of mutual cooperation in social exchange.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2000

Everyday breath hydrogen excretion profile in Japanese young female students.

A breath hydrogen test has been used widely as a noninvasive and simple method of detecting carbohydrate malabsorption as well as estimation of the small intestinal and orocecal transit time. By means of this method, we have examined the change in breath hydrogen concentration of young female students in their everyday life in order to reveal the breath hydrogen excretion profile under normal circumstances. In this survey, we have asked them to collect their own breath samples every one-hour as regularly as possible during one day from awakening until bedtime. We also asked them to complete the questionnaire concerning their dietary habit, dietary record and physical activities. Among the 43 subjects who gave the breath hydrogen records, 37 subjects excreted detectable hydrogen into their alveolar air. By comparing the changes in breath hydrogen concentration during the time of day, breath hydrogen excretions could be classified into two distinct patterns; more than half of the total hydrogen excretion occurred in the first half of the waking hours (designated as "pattern A", 18 cases) and in the latter half (designated as "pattern B", 19 cases). Taking into consideration the subjects' records of diets and physical activities, the early-pronounced breath hydrogen excretion observed among 18 "pattern A" students was probably resulted from the malabsorption of the dietary carbohydrate in the breakfast meals.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

E-CELL: software environment for whole-cell simulation.

MOTIVATION: Genome sequencing projects and further systematic functional analyses of complete gene sets are producing an unprecedented mass of molecular information for a wide range of model organisms. This provides us with a detailed account of the cell with which we may begin to build models for simulating intracellular molecular processes to predict the dynamic behavior of living cells. Previous work in biochemical and genetic simulation has isolated well-characterized pathways for detailed analysis, but methods for building integrative models of the cell that incorporate gene regulation, metabolism and signaling have not been established. We, therefore, were motivated to develop a software environment for building such integrative models based on gene sets, and running simulations to conduct experiments in silico. RESULTS: E-CELL, a modeling and simulation environment for biochemical and genetic processes, has been developed. The E-CELL system allows a user to define functions of proteins, protein-protein interactions, protein-DNA interactions, regulation of gene expression and other features of cellular metabolism, as a set of reaction rules. E-CELL simulates cell behavior by numerically integrating the differential equations described implicitly in these reaction rules. The user can observe, through a computer display, dynamic changes in concentrations of proteins, protein complexes and other chemical compounds in the cell. Using this software, we constructed a model of a hypothetical cell with only 127 genes sufficient for transcription, translation, energy production and phospholipid synthesis. Most of the genes are taken from Mycoplasma genitalium, the organism having the smallest known chromosome, whose complete 580 kb genome sequence was determined at TIGR in 1995. We discuss future applications of the E-CELL system with special respect to genome engineering. AVAILABILITY: The E-CELL software is available upon request. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The complete list of rules of the developed cell model with kinetic parameters can be obtained via our web site at: http://e-cell.org/.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗

PubMed1998

Carcinoid of the esophagus located in lamina propria.

We report a carcinoid tumor in the mucosal layer of the esophagus of a 63-year-old man. Barium X-ray and endoscopy indicated the tumor to be a polypoid lesion in the lower esophagus. Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) demonstrated the lesion to be a sharply demarcated hyperechoic tumor in the mucosal layer. Biopsy yielded a diagnosis carcinoid of the esophagus. In the resected specimen of the esophagus, the tumor was 11 mm in longest dimension with a shallow depression on it smooth surface. Histologically, the tumor was located in the mucosal layer, as shown by EUS, and was composed of small round cells which were positive for argyrophil, but not argentaffine. Carcinoid tumor of the esophagus found at an early stage, and localized in the lamina propria layer, is very rare. The present case is the second report in Japan.

Carcinoid Tumor↗

PubMed1998

Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of TAN-1511 analogues as potent hematopoietic agents.

A series of TAN-1511 analogues bearing a non-peptide spacer in place of the Gly-Gly-Gly sequence in the peptide moiety was synthesized, and the effects of these compounds on the proliferation of bone marrow cells in culture and experimental leukocytopenia in mice were examined. The structure-activity relationships obtained were as follows. As the substituent at the 2-position of the 4-thiaheptanoic acid framework, an amino group, methyl group or hydrogen was preferable; as a spacer in place of the Gly-Gly-Gly sequence, a 4-aminobenzoyl or 4-aminomethylbenzoyl group was suitable; and as the fatty acids bonded to the 6,7-dihydroxy groups, C16 fatty acid was best. Compounds 12f, 30d and 30i potently promoted the proliferation of bone marrow cells in culture and the restoration of leukocyte counts in a murine leukocytopenia model.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

E-CELL: Software Environment for Whole Cell Simulation.

We present E-CELL, a generic computer software environment for modeling a cell and conducting experiments in silico. The E-CELL system allows a user to define functions of proteins, protein-protein interactions, protein-DNA interactions, regulation of gene expression and other features of cellular metabolism, in terms of a set of reaction rules. The system then executes those reactions iteratively, and the user can observe, through a computer display, dynamic changes in concentrations of proteins, protein complexes and other chemical compounds in the cell. Using this software, we constructed a model of a hypothetical cell with only 127 genes sufficient for transcription, translation, energy production and phospholipid synthesis. Most of the genes are taken from Mycoplasma genitalium, the organism having the smallest known chromosome, whose complete 580kb genome sequence was determined at TIGR in 1995. We discuss future applications of the E-CELL system with special respect to genome engineering.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1996

Sealing of the follicular lumen of the anterior pituitary gland of the male rat.

It is commonly accepted that follicular lumina of the adult rat anterior pituitary gland are tightly sealed by junctional complexes, especially tight junctions. In this report, we describe the presence of follicular lumina that are unsealed. Peroxidase (HRP) was used to study such structures and when injected through the femoral vein, was observed in association with a few follicular lumina, on their microvilli and around the cilia of folliculo-stellate cells. The existence of peroxidase-positive follicles clearly shows that follicles of the hypophysis are not always firmly sealed by tight junctions. The folliculo-stellate cells which faced the peroxidase-positive follicles displayed HRP deposits which were membrane bound within their cytoplasm. These findings suggest an absorptive function for the folliculo-stellate cells.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

Microbial conversion of EM574 and EM523, gastrointestinal motor stimulating agents.

EM574 exerts gastrointestinal motor stimulating (GMS) activity even after being converted to its metabolites P1 and P2 in dogs. These metabolites were isolated from dog liver using a series of chromatographic procedures. Their structures were determined to be the 15- and 14-hydroxyl derivatives of EM574, respectively, by spectral analysis. Large scale preparation by microbial transformation was investigated for further evaluation of the metabolites, because the amounts obtained by oxidation with dog liver homogenate were limited. Three strains of actinomycetes, Amycolatopsis tolypophorus IFO 13151, Dactylosporangium variesporum IFO 14104 and Nocardia capreola IFO 12847, were found to have the aiming oxidative potency. HPLC analysis of the crude extracts from these three cultures showed that the bioactive metabolites, EM574 P1 and P2 were produced. They were isolated from the culture broth with the other bioactive products EM574 P3 and P4. These bioactive products were prepared by large scale cultivation. EM574 P3 and P4 showed GMS activity comparable to that of EM574 P1 and P2. The structures of EM574 P3 and P4 were elucidated by spectral analysis and found to be the 3"-O-demethyl derivatives of EM574 P2 and EM574, respectively. Moreover, the absolute configuration at the C14 position of P2 was determined to be R by spectral analysis of the 6-membered cyclic carbonate of EM574 P2.

Actinomycetales↗

PubMed1995

Rescue of Schizosaccharomyces pombe from camptothecin-mediated death by a DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor, TAN-1518 A.

TAN-1518 A is a cytotoxic agent with suppressive activity against Meth A fibrosarcoma in vivo. This compound inhibits calf thymus DNA topoisomerase I (Topo I) but does not stimulate cleavable complex formation in the nuclei of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-K1 cells, suggesting that it inhibits Topo I in a manner different from that of camptothecin (CPT). To clarify the mode of action of TAN-1518 A, we examined its effects on the eukaryotic microorganism Schizosaccharomyces pombe (S. pombe), which does not require Topo I as an essential factor for growth. TAN-1518 A inhibited purified S. pombe Topo I as potently as did CPT. TAN-1518 A, unlike CPT, did not stimulate Topo I-induced DNA cleavage; instead, it inhibited CPT-induced cleavable complex formation. We constructed a S. pombe strain, IR9, that produced excess Topo I. IR9 was hypersensitive to CPT, but its growth was not affected by TAN-1518 A. The CPT-mediated death of IR9 cells was reduced dramatically in the presence of TAN-1518 A. These findings clearly demonstrate that TAN-1518 A is a specific inhibitor of Topo I in eukaryotic cells and also suggest that this agent inhibits some earlier step(s) that occurs before the formation of cleavable complex on DNA strands in the catalytic cycle of this enzyme.

Base Sequence↗

PubMed1995

TAN-1511 A, B and C, microbial lipopeptides with G-CSF and GM-CSF inducing activity.

The microbial lipopeptides, TAN-1511 A, B and C, were isolated from the culture broth of Streptosporangium amethystogenes subsp. fukuiense AL-23456. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of their reactions and spectroscopic analyses. These lipopeptides were mixtures of molecules having different lengths of fatty acids. The metabolites stimulated the proliferation of bone marrow cells from BALB/c female mice at very low concentrations (concentration giving 30% increase: A and B, 0.313 ng/ml; C, 1.25 ng/ml). We confirmed that chemically synthesized TAN-1511 A analogue [(2R,6R)-2-tetradecanoylamino-6,7- bis(hexadecanoyloxy)-4-thiaheptanoyl-Gly-Gly-Gly-Glu-Thr-Thr -OH] stimulated the proliferation of bone marrow cells in a manner similar to that of natural TAN-1511 A. This analogue induced the secretion of both granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and potentiated the generation of Gr-1 positive cells in the bone marrow cell culture. Moreover, it effected the G-CSF mediated restoration of granulocytopoiesis in a murine leukopenia model.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1995

Synthesis and biological activities of TAN-1511 analogues.

TAN-1511 analogues were synthesized and their effects on the proliferation of bone marrow cells were examined. To exert potent activity the following conditions are necessary: the configuration of the 2-amino-6,7-dihydroxy-4-thiaheptanoic acid moiety must be (2R,6R), long chain acyl groups (C14 to C18) must be bound to both hydroxyl groups, the amino group must be free or acylated with the long chain fatty acid (ca. C14) and the peptide moiety must have glutamic acid as a component. Among the synthesized compounds, trisodium (2R,6R)-2-amino-6,7-bis (hexadecanoyloxy)-4-thiaheptanoyl glycyl glutamyl glutamate, which has improved solubility, was effective in experimental leukocytopenia in mice.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1994

Dnacin A1 and dnacin B1 are antitumor antibiotics that inhibit cdc25B phosphatase activity.

The p80cdc25 protein is a protein phosphatase directly involved in p34cdc2 protein kinase activation by dephosphorylation. The cdc25B gene is one of three human cdc25 homologs which can complement the temperature-sensitive cdc25 mutation of Schizosaccharomyces pombe, and is expressed a high levels in human cell lines, particularly in some cancer cells. A fusion protein of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and the catalytic domain of cdc25B protein was constructed and found to retain phosphatase activity in the manner of a p80cdc25 phosphatase by using a chromogenic substrate, p-nitrophenylphosphate. Two benzoquinoid antitumor compounds, dnacin A1 and dnacin B1, inhibited phosphatase activity in a non-competitive manner.

Antibiotics, Antineoplastic↗

PubMed1994

Augmentation of host defense mechanisms against tumor by sperabillin polymers, new basic peptidyl biopolymers, in mice.

Sperabillin polymers, which have been shown recently to have antitumor activity, are new basic peptidyl polymers composed of a pseudo-peptide antibiotic, sperabillin A. The polymers, HP-2 (MW 9990), AP-2 (MW 20,100) and AB-2 (MW 35,000), were found to potently activate murine peritoneal macrophages. The phagocytosis-dependent respiratory burst and Fc gamma receptor expression of peritoneal macrophages from C57BL/6 mice were enhanced after in vitro cultivation with these polymers. When HP-2, a representative of these polymers, was intraperitoneally injected into mice, the number of peritoneal exudate cells increased and phagocytosis-dependent respiratory burst and class II (I-A) antigen expression of peritoneal macrophages were augmented. These macrophages showed strong inhibitory activity against the growth of murine tumor cell lines such as EL4 lymphoma and B16 melanoma. Nitrogen oxide, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin 1 (IL-1) might be required for this inhibitory activity. Moreover, in mice treated with HP-2, splenocyte counts also increased and non-specific killer activity of the splenocytes was augmented. These results indicate that sperabillin polymers are new macrophage activators.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗

PubMed1994

TAN-1496 A, C and E, diketopiperazine antibiotics with inhibitory activity against mammalian DNA topoisomerase I.

Fungal metabolites with an epi-oligothiadiketopiperazine structure, TAN-1496 A, C and E, were isolated from the culture broth of Microsphaeropsis sp. FL-16144. Their molecular formulas were determined to be C22H28N2O9S2, C22H28N2O9S3 and C22H28N2O9S4, respectively. Structures were determined by comparing the NMR data with those of known diketopiperazine antibiotics, sirodesmins. These metabolites inhibited the relaxation of supercoiled pBR322 DNA by calf thymus topoisomerase I but did not affect the decatenation of kinetoplast DNA by calf thymus topoisomerase II at concentration up to 500 microM. They strongly suppressed the growth of various murine and human tumor cells and induced apoptosis. Moreover, various derivatives were synthesized to investigate the relationship of their functional groups and biological activities.

Animals↗