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Biomedical subjects

S Tamai

Publications and source records attributed to S Tamai.

383 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

An experience of stereotactic radiation therapy for primary intracranial choriocarcinoma.

We report on a patient with choriocarcinoma in the pineal region who was successfully treated with stereotactic radiation therapy (SRT). The increased level of serum human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) was lowered during chemotherapy with etoposide, cisplatin, and ifosfamide. However, HCG was not normalized and magnetic resonance images still showed an enhanced tumor mass with gadolinium. The patient underwent SRT of 40 Gy at an 80% isodose line per 10 fractions over two weeks, followed by conventional craniospinal irradiation of 32.4 Gy. The level of HCG dropped below the detection limit. The patient has been in good condition for more than four years after the completion of treatment, without any signs of recurrence. We propose SRT as a valid treatment option for malignant germ cell tumors in the pineal region.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Increased DNA synthetic potency of hepatocytes in cirrhotic patients may indicate a super-high risk for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling indices (LI) of liver biopsied specimens from 27 control liver cirrhosis patients (control LC) without hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 26 cirrhotic patients with HCC, and from 6 control subjects were examined using an in vitro BrdU labeling technique. The mean BrdU LI +/- S.E. of HCC cancerous portion, HCC non-cancerous cirrhotic portion, control LC, and control subjects were 6.6 +/- 0.8%, 2.7 +/- 0.3%, 1.7 +/- 0.3% and 0.25 +/- 0.09%, respectively. Interestingly, there was a significant difference (p less than 0.025) between the non-cancerous LC portion and control LC. While 25 of 26 non-cancerous LC portion of HCC patients were in the high LI group (greater than or equal to 1.4%), 15 of 27 in the control LC were in the low LI group (less than 1.4%) (p less than 0.001). Of the 12 control LC with high LI, 6 developed HCC within 2 years, whereas only one of the 15 control LC with low LI developed HCC (p less than 0.05). In conclusion, HCC may develop in cirrhotic patients with high DNA synthetic potency.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cell incohesiveness and pattern of extension in a rare case of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma.

A unique case of adenocarcinoma of the lung that showed aerogenous extension is presented. Although the primary focus was the usual invasive bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, the tumor cells were dissociated, floating and filling the alveolar spaces, the bronchioli, and the small bronchi at the periphery of the primary tumor and in every involved area in other lobes of the lung. Massive tumor cells were expectorated in coincidence with the appearance of abnormal densities on chest X-ray films. Ultrastructurally the dissociated tumor cells had numerous microvilli on the cell surface and rarely showed intercellular junctions. The tumor cells also contained well-developed rough and smooth endoplasmic membranes, crista-vesicular-type mitochondria, electron-dense granules, and granules with myelinlike figures. No mucous granules and no Clara-cell-type secretory granules nor lamellar bodies of the type seen in normal granular pneumocytes were seen. From these findings, it was concluded that the tumor cells in this case were rather poorly differentiated but somewhat resembled the hyperplastic cuboidal alveolar cells seen in the damaged lung and that they proliferated freely in airways, presenting aerogenous metastases. The biologic behavior of this tumor might be partly explained by the incohesive nature of the tumor cells.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Osteoclast origin of giant cells in giant cell tumors of bone: ultrastructural and cytochemical study of six cases.

To clarify the histogenesis of giant cells appearing in giant cell tumors of bone (GCTB), an ultrastructural and cytochemical study of six cases was performed with both acid phosphatase (ACPase) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRACPase) as marker enzymes. TRACPase is considered a specific marker for osteoclasts. ACPase was demonstrated in the macrophagelike stromal cells, the multinucleated giant cells, and the infiltrating macrophages. The enzyme reaction was localized in lysosomal dense bodies and Golgi areas. Intense TRACPase activity was demonstrated in the multinucleated giant cells, whereas a weak reaction was found in the macrophagelike stromal cells. The multinucleated giant cells and macrophagelike stromal cells resembled osteoclasts with regard to the subcellular localization of TRACPase. The present results suggest that the giant cells in GCTB are indeed derived from osteoclasts.

Acid Phosphatase↗