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Biomedical subjects

S Takeuchi

Publications and source records attributed to S Takeuchi.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[An evaluation of pathogens in patients with bronchopulmonary infection by transtracheal aspiration: December 1978-March 1993].

We performed transtracheal aspiration (TTA) in 1165 patients, who were suspected to have bronchopulmonary infection, from December 1978 to March 1993. We isolated pathogens from TTA in 806 patients (69.2%). We isolated H. influenzae (62 cases), S. pneumoniae (39 cases) and M. catarrhalis (24 cases) in patients with acute bronchitis, S. pneumoniae (65 cases), alpha-Streptococcus sp. (52 cases), H. influenzae (32 cases) and S. aureus (29 cases) in patients with pneumonia or lung abscess and H. influenzae (174 cases), S. pneumoniae (84 cases), P. aeruginosa (81 cases) and M. catarrhalis (42 cases) in patients with chronic lower respiratory tract infection. Anaerobic bacteria isolated from TTA included Peptostreptococcus sp. (19 cases), Bacteroides sp. (19 cases) and others. Mycoplasma pneumoniae was isolated from TTA in 8 patients with pneumonia without other organisms. Virus isolated from TTA included Rhinovirus (6 cases) and others. These results suggest that various pathogens affect the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary infection. Therefore, we must diagnose the bronchopulmonary infection by the correct methods such as TTA.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[A clinical study of respiratory infections due to mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa diagnosed by transtracheal aspiration].

We performed a clinical study of 20 cases (33 episodes) of respiratory infections due to mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa by transtracheal aspiration (TTA) in the recent 10 years. There was only one pneumonia without underlying chronic lower respiratory infection (CLRTI) case positive for mucoid P. aeruginosa and others were all CLRTI among 33 TTA trials. In contrast, nonmucoid P. aeruginosa was recovered from 9 cases of respiratory infections without underlying CLRTI among 46 TTA trials. Monomicrobial infection of mucoid P. aeruginosa was 69.7%, and polymicrobial infection containing mucoid P. aeruginosa was 30.3%, and Haemophilus influenzae was the most frequent microorganism recovered with mucoid P. aeruginosa. The recovery rate of mucoid P. aeruginosa among P. aeruginosa-colonized cases was 56.3% in diffuse panbronchiolitis, and that was 42.9% and 40.0% in bronchiectasis and chronic bronchitis, respectively. Mortality due to pneumonia with nonmucoid P. aeruginosa was 46.1%, but there was no fatal pneumonia case with mucoid P. aeruginosa. In CLRTI, laboratory data were not remarkably different between mucoid and non-mocoid P. aeruginosa-colonized cases. Thus, these results suggest that mucoid P. aeruginosa is a more important organism in persistent infections in the lower respiratory tract compared with nonmucoid P. aeruginosa, and further investigations is required on the mechanism and clinical role of this infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[The role of viral infection in adults with bronchopulmonary infections].

We isolated the virus from the respiratory specimens of 16 patients (7.9%) when we investigated the bronchopulmonary infections of 203 adult patients by the viral isolation method for the diagnosis of the viral infection and transtracheal aspiration (TTA) for taking directly the specimen from the lower respiratory tract. The bronchopulmonary infections, isolated the virus, consisted of acute bronchitis (3 cases), pneumonia (8 cases) and the acute exacerbation of chronic lower respiratory infection (5 cases). The positive viral isolation consisted of Rhinovirus (11 strains), Herpes simplex virus I (3 strains), Parainfluenza virus III (1 strain) and Respiratory syncytial virus (1 stain). There were 9 transtracheal aspirates, 8 pharyngeal swabs and 5 nasal washings in the positive viral specimens. We experienced 5 cases who had the same virus isolated from both the upper respiratory tract and the lower respiratory tract. H. influenzae, P. aeruginosa and other bacteria were found in 14 of the 16 TTA cultures. These results suggest that the role of the viral infection is important either independently or relating the bacterial infection in the adult bronchopulmonary infections.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[A clinical study of Pseudomonas pneumonia diagnosed by transtracheal aspiration].

We performed a clinical study of 16 cases (18 episodes) of Pseudomonas pneumonia by transtracheal aspiration (TTA) from April 1983 to March 1993. The isolation rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) among 235 episodes of pneumonias with positive microorganism by TTA was 7.7%. All patients had one or more underlying disease. The most frequent underlying disease was chronic lower respiratory tract infection, followed by lung epidermoid cell carcinoma. More than half of the cases had been given antibiotics prior to the occurrence of pneumonia, and administration of adrenal corticosteroid, heavy smoking habit, and aspiration were seen as other predisposing factors concerning the onset of pneumonias. Monomicrobial infection of P. aeruginosa was 61.1%, and polymicrobial infection containing P. aeruginosa was 38.9%. Community-acquired pneumonia was 61.1% and hospital-acquired pneumonia was 38.9%; the rates of polymicrobial infections and prior administration of antibiotics were higher in the latter group. Mortality due to Pseudomonas pneumonia was 27.8% and the levels of serum albumin and total protein at the onset of pneumonia were significantly lower in the fatal cases than in the recovered cases. It was considered that not only general underlying disease which weaken the immunological resistance of the host, but local bronchial lesion was also important to the onset of the Pseudomonas pneumonia. Also, nutrition is an important prognostic factor on the host's side.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Determination of neutrophil function in respiratory infection by chemiluminescence (CL). II: Changes in neutrophil's CL by chemotherapy against chronic lower tract infection].

Neutrophil's CL (CL-index) in were assayed in 18 patients with chronic lower tract infection (13 cases in the exacerbated phase and five cases in the stable phase) three times per case: before, during and after chemotherapy. Before the initiation of chemotherapy, the CL-index.N (neutrophil numbers x CL-index) in patients with exacerbation remained higher than in those without exacerbation. At the exacerbated phase, the CL-index of nine patients and the CL-index.N of 10 patients fell lower than those obtained before treatment. AT the stable phase, the CL-index and the CL-index.N did not change remarkably during and after chemotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Clinical study of pneumonia in elderly patients using transtracheal aspiration (TTA)].

A clinical study was conducted to clarify the clinical state of pneumonia in elderly patients using transtracheal aspiration (TTA). Without prior administration of antibiotics, S. pneumoniae was the most clinically significant in both elderly and non-elderly groups whether the onset of pneumonia was hospital acquired pneumonia or community acquired pneumonia. Compared to the non-elderly group, multiple pathogens were isolated more frequently in the elderly group. Analysis about host factors showed that the number of underlying diseases per patient was more along those with poorer general conditions in the elderly group. The Brinkmann Index was also significantly higher in the elderly group. Clinical examinations before onset of pneumonia indicated that serum total protein, albumin and DNCB skin reaction were significantly lowered in the elderly group. Over the clinical course, the prognosis was poorer and the incidence of adverse reactions of antibiotics tended to be more in the elderly group. These results suggest that a complex clinical background exists for pneumonia of elderly people, related to poorer prognosis. Therefore, more cautious and meticulous care should be provided to elderly patients with pneumonia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Effect of platelet-activating factor on intracellular free calcium in cow tracheal epithelium.

The effect of platelet activating factor (PAF) on the intracellular cytosolic levels of free calcium ([Ca2+]i) was studied in cultured epithelium from cow trachea. In fura-2-loaded cells, PAF (10(-9) to 10(-5) M), but not lyso-PAF, increased [Ca2+]i in a concentration-dependent manner, from 106 +/- 15 to 270 +/- 40 nM (P < 0.05). This [Ca2+]i response consisted of a transient increase that peaked within 15 s after addition and a subsequent sustained elevation that reached a plateau after 1 min. The potency for the sustained response was greater by approximately 1 log U than that for the transient response. Preincubation of the cells with the PAF receptor antagonist CV6209 (10(-6) M) inhibited the increase in [Ca2+]i. Ca(2+)-free medium (2 mM EGTA) totally abolished the sustained response to PAF, but it only partially inhibited the transient response. Verapamil (10(-5) M) also largely inhibited the sustained response. Moreover, PAF transiently increased inositol triphosphate (IP3) levels, peaking 10 s after addition. These data suggest that (1) a PAF-induced increase in [Ca2+]i is mediated via PAF receptors, (2) PAF causes both transient [Ca2+]i release from intracellular stores through IP3 production and sustained [Ca2+]i influx from extracellular solution, and (3) Ca2+ influx may be a major pathway of PAF-induced increase in [Ca2+]i in cow tracheal epithelium.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Serial changes in hemostasis after intracranial surgery.

We performed hemostatic studies on eight patients undergoing clipping of unruptured cerebral aneurysms to assess the influence of intracranial surgery itself on hemostasis. Blood samples were collected from each patient 10 times: before and after the induction of anesthesia and 6, 12, and 24 hours and 2, 3, 5, and 7 days immediately after surgery. The changes and our interpretation of them include the following: 1) the elevation of thrombin antithrombin III complex levels (activation of blood coagulation) was transient and monophasic; 2) the elevation of plasmin alpha 2-antiplasmin complex and D-dimer levels (activation of fibrinolysis) was biphasic, despite the monophasic elevation of tissue plasminogen activator or plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 levels; 3) the elevation of beta-thromboglobulin and platelet-factor-4 levels (activation of platelet) was also biphasic; 4) fibrinogen level and alpha 2-antiplasmin activity increased in the acute phase of the postoperative course (acute phase reaction); 5) the changes in hematocrit appeared to parallel those in various other parameters, especially platelet count, antithrombin III, and plasminogen levels for 1 or 2 days after surgery; 6) fibronectin appeared to be consumed in the acute phase of postoperative course; and 7) general anesthesia did not significantly affect hemostasis. These serial changes seem to be related to the activation of hemostatic systems after intracranial surgery and the subsequent acute phase reaction.

Acute-Phase Reaction↗
PubMed1994

Liver dysfunction in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between mild degrees of liver dysfunction and spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) from the hemostatic standpoint. A detailed study of hemostatic systems was made in 462 patients with ICH. To compare ICH with the other cerebrovascular diseases, data from 120 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage and 114 others with cerebral infarction were reviewed. At admission, the medical histories of the patients, including information about previous alcohol consumption, was taken, and blood samples were collected to perform the following studies: platelet count, fibrinogen level, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, antithrombin III, plasminogen and alpha 2-antiplasmin activity, platelet aggregability, and liver function tests. The incidence of liver dysfunction and alcohol consumption in patients with ICH was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage and in those with cerebral infarction. Hematoma volume, mortality rate, and past alcohol consumption in patients with ICH significantly increased with worsening severity of liver dysfunction. Although almost all hemostatic parameters became worse with increasing severity of liver dysfunction, they changed within the normal limits. Platelet aggregability and alpha 2-antiplasmin activity in patients with liver dysfunction were remarkably deteriorated beyond normal limits. In conclusion, liver dysfunction associated with alcohol consumption appears to be an important factor in the deterioration of the clinical status of patients with ICH and may be one of the causative factors in the development of ICH. Although mildly impaired hemostatic systems may be partially responsible for these adverse effects of liver dysfunction on ICH, it seems probable that nonhemostatic mechanisms are attributed to the effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Bioceramic implantation in the intermandibular space in bilateral rostral mandibulectomy of the dog.

Effect of bioceramic implantation on the intermandibular space along with plating in rostral mandibulectomy was investigated in the dog. In this group, bioceramic beads consisting of a complex of hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate were implanted in the intermandibular space between the lingual surfaces of the fracture ends. In two other groups, the dogs received only plating on the ostectomized end, or they received only rostal mandibulectomy without plating. No difficulty in mastication was observed in the implanted group after surgery. In the dogs which received plating, however, difficulty was noted only in the 4th week when wet food was replaced by dry food, and in the control group in the 6th week after the surgery. From the radiological and microscopical findings, in dogs with only plating or without the fixation there was no bony union in the intermandibular space at 16 weeks, though the increase in fibrous tissue and bony callus in the area was much greater in the plated dogs than in the control group. In the implanted group, on the other hand, the increase in callus formation was considerable compared to the other groups. Moreover, the lingual surfaces of the fracture ends were well ossified at 12 postoperative weeks. This suggests that in canine bilateral rostral mandibulectomy the stabilization of the fracture ends with plates and bioceramic implants filling a gap in the intermandibular space may enhance the ossification between the fracture ends and prevent postoperative difficulty in mastication.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Effect of hypoxia on proliferation of microvascular endothelial cells derived from Mongolian gerbil brain.

This study investigated the effect of hypoxia on the proliferation of microvascular endothelial cells in the brain. Endothelial cells derived from microvessels of Mongolian gerbil brain and control cells (3T3) were incubated for 7 days under various hypoxic and normoxic conditions at 37 degrees C. The proliferation of endothelial cells was inhibited by severe hypoxia, but stimulated by moderate hypoxia. No significant effect of hypoxia on the proliferation of control cells was observed. Endothelial cell-conditioned medium cultured under moderate hypoxia did not affect the growth of endothelial cells. The stimulatory effect of moderate hypoxia on the proliferation of cultured endothelial cells is due to an inherent property of brain endothelial cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Hematoma enlargement in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage.

In order to evaluate the incidence and risk factors of hematoma enlargement in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), 419 cases of ICH were reviewed. The first computerized tomography (CT) scan was performed within 24 hours of onset and the second within 24 hours of admission; a blood sample was taken for laboratory examination within 1 hour of admission. In 60 patients (14.3%) the second CT scan showed an enlarged hematoma. The incidence of enlargement significantly decreased with time (p < 0.05) and significantly increased with the severity of liver dysfunction and the volume of the hematoma on the first CT scan. Patients with an irregularly shaped hematoma had a higher risk of hematoma growth than those with a round hematoma. In addition, patients with hematoma enlargement were more likely to have coagulation abnormalities (low platelet counts and low levels of fibrinogen, alpha 2-antiplasmin activity and platelet aggregation). Moreover, hematoma growth was associated with a poor clinical outcome. It is concluded that patients admitted to a hospital within 6 hours of onset of ICH, especially those admitted within 2 hours, and patients with liver dysfunction or irregularly shaped large hematomas should be closely observed for at least 6 hours after onset in preparation for emergency surgery, since the risk of hematoma growth in these circumstances is high.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Assay of urinary pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline as potential markers of the rate of bone resorption: usefulness of urinary pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline in patients with prostate cancer with bone metastases].

The collagen crosslinks, pyridinoline (Pyr) and deoxypyridinoline (D-Pyr), were recently identified as potential markers of the rate of bone resorption. To determine whether urinary concentrations of Pyr and D-Pyr might provide an early warning of bone metastases in patients being monitored for cancer of the prostate, we compared these two newer parameters with the conventional indicators, that is, the serum concentrations of Bone Gla protein (BGP: osteocalcin) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), in patients with prostate cancer with and without bone metastases vs. those of age-matched patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Urinary excretion of these compounds, expressed as a ratio to urinary creatinine (mg/dl), was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in 23 patients with prostate cancer (16 with bone metastases and 7 without bone metastases) and in 23 patients with BPH. The mean values of urinary Pyr and D-Pyr; 65.02 +/- 38.16 pmol/mumol of creatinine and 8.87 +/- 7.01 pmol/mumol of creatinine and 8.87 +/- 7.01 pmol/mumol of creatinine, respectively, for patients with bone metastases of prostate cancer were significantly higher than those for patients without bone metastases of prostate cancer (27.43 +/- 10.29 pmol/mumol of creatinine and 4.24 +/- 1.88 pmol/mumol of creatinine) or for patients with BPH (25.58 +/- 7.54 pmol/mumol of creatinine and 3.52 +/- 1.07 pmol/mumol of creatinine). Among these three groups of patients, there were statistically significant (Pyr: P = 0.0001, D-Pyr: P = 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Effects of exercise on rats subjected to tail suspension.

Deterioration of vital functions is observed in living organisms in microgravity. However, this deterioration can be arrested by adequate exercises. In this study, utilizing tail suspension in rats to simulate microgravity, we examined the influence of running exercise every other day on blood constituents, visceral parameters, and muscles.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1994

Changes in spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity during sleep in humans.

To evaluate changes in the spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity for heart rate and for muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) during sleep, we simultaneously recorded MSNA from the tibial nerve and monitored ECG, EEG, EOG, EMG and blood pressure during the resting awake stage and sleep. Blood pressure, ECG and MSNA waves were changed to equidistant time series data of each second by cubic spline interpolation. Cross correlations between the MSNA and diastolic blood pressure and between the instantaneous heart rate and systolic blood pressure were analyzed. Spontaneous baroreflex sensitivities for MSNA and for heart rate were assessed from the slope of the regression lines for each. During sleep, the spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity for MSNA gradually decreased as the non-REM sleep stages advanced. Spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity for heart rate did not show any apparent changes. These results suggest that baroreflex modulations for heart rate and for MSNA differ during sleep.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Dynamic study of the hormonal levels and tumor markers after the first administration of long-acting LH-RH analogue in patients with prostate cancer].

The dynamics of hormonal levels and tumor markers after the first administration of long-acting luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) analogue were evaluated in patients with prostate cancer. Eight patients with histopathologically proved prostate cancer who were previously untreated were studied. The surge in plasma testosterone was recognized in 7 patients after the first administration of a long-acting LH-RH analogue, and reached the highest level after the 3rd day in 6 patients and 14th day in 1 patient. The onset of flare-up reaction due to a transient increase in plasma testosterone was recognized in 3 patients, whose clinical symptoms and signs were increased bone pain in 2 patients and acute urinary retention in 1 patient. An abnormal level of serum prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and prostate specific antigen (PSA) was observed in 7 of the 8 patients before treatment. The serum PAP and PSA levels slightly increased after treatment in 4 and 3 patients, respectively. These findings suggest that the combination of estrogen or antiandrogen would allow a safer use of long-acting LH-RH analogue to prevent the risk of a flare-up reaction associated with the first administration of long-acting LH-RH analogue.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1994

Cl- and nonselective cation channels in the basolateral membrane of strial marginal cells in the cochlea.

The mechanisms underlying the marginal cells' ion transport and endocochlear potential (EP) generation are still controversial. Conductive pathways in the basolateral membrane of isolated strial marginal cells of the gerbil have been investigated by the patch-clamp technique. Two types of ion channel, 80 pS Cl- and 25 pS Ca(2+)-activated nonselective cation, were identified frequently. The abundance of these two channels as the conductive pathways for Na+, K+, and Cl- in the basolateral membrane must be taken into account when addressing the role of strial marginal cells in generating EP.

Animals↗