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Biomedical subjects

S Takayasu

Publications and source records attributed to S Takayasu.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Successful transplantation of cultured human outer root sheath cells as epithelium.

We used sheets of cultured outer root sheath cells derived from plucked human hair follicles for the epidermal reconstruction of a burn wound of a patient and prepared wounds of athymic mice. The outer root sheath cells obtained from plucked human follicles can grow in serial culture in a defined medium without serum. After seven subcultures within 5 weeks, outer root sheath cells obtained from a single follicle grew approximately 1 x 10(7) cells, which covered a 360-cm2 area of a monolayer sheet. These cultured outer root sheath cells, carried on a bovine atelocollagen sheet (Meipac) or a polyurethane sheet (Tegaderm), were transplanted on a graft bed prepared on the backs of athymic mice. Contraction of the graft beds was prevented by the use of these carriers. Histological examination of the graft removed 2 weeks after transplantation showed four to seven layers of epithelial cells. Both the epidermal granular and horny cell layers were well developed, although the rete ridges were absent. Using the same technique, the sheet of outer root sheath cells with an atelocollagen as a carrier was successfully transplanted onto the granulating site in a burn patient.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

A case of Goltz syndrome presenting as congenital incomplete alopecia.

A 5-year-old Japanese girl had had localized, incomplete hair loss on the scalp, minimal distichia, and a small papillomatous eruption on the right upper eyelid since birth. The diagnosis of Goltz syndrome was made by histological findings such as upward extension of the subcutaneous tissue to the papillary dermis and marked diminution in the thickness of the dermis, although typical linear atrophy-like eruptions and other mesoectodermal dysplasia were absent.

Alopecia↗
PubMed1994

Infantile myofibromatosis: report of two cases.

Two cases of solitary type infantile myofibromatosis (IM) were presented. Case 1 was a 6-month-old male infant with a firm, dark red, fixed tumor on his right knee. A computerized tomographic scan revealed that the tumor was attached to the underlying muscle. Case 2 was a 1-month-old male infant with a tumor on his right knee, similar to that in case 1. In neither case was there any clinical evidence of visceral involvement. Histological and immunohistochemical findings were similar. The lesions appeared histologically as non-encapsulated nodules composed of whorled fascicles of spindle-shaped cells and a vascular element with a hemangiopericytoma-like appearance. The tumor cells were positively stained with PTAH. They were positive for alpha-smooth muscle actin and vimentin, but negative for desmin. These findings support the myofibroblastic nature of IM. In case 2, the tumor regressed spontaneously at the age of 12 months. Unlike the multicentric form, spontaneous regression of the solitary form of IM has not previously been reported.

Hemangiopericytoma↗
PubMed1994

Gas gangrene following sacral pressure sores.

We report two cases of gas gangrene developed from sacral pressure sores. The first case was clostridial and the second, non-clostridial gas gangrene. Both patients died within two months. The first patient, a 56-year-old woman suffering from palsy of the lower half of the body for 3 weeks, developed a sacral pressure sore. One month later, crepitus by palpation and gas formation in the X-ray film were detected in the hip and right thigh. A culture of odoriferous pus yielded Clostridium limosum in addition to Staphylococcus intermedius, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacteroides fragilis. Blood culture yielded Bacteroides fragilis. The patient died 50 days after admission in spite of surgical debridement and aggressive therapy with high doses of antibiotics and hyperbaric oxygen. The second patient, a 70-year-old man suffering from diabetic nephropathy, arteriosclerosis obliterans of the lower limbs, and cerebral infarction, developed a large decubitus ulcer covering the whole sacral area. Crepitus and gas were detected in the soft tissue of the left gluteal region. Almost the entire gluteus maximus muscle was necrotic. Bacteroides fragilis, methicillin-resistant or -sensitive Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were isolated from the muscle. Bacteroides fragilis was also obtained by blood culture. The patient died on the 72nd day after admission.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Connective tissue naevus with pseudo-Hurler polydystrophy.

We report a 39-year-old patient with a huge connective tissue naevus on his back, in association with pseudo-Hurler polydystrophy (mucolipidosis III). As far as we are aware, this is the first report of the coexistence of these two rare conditions. The lesional skin was composed of densely packed, coarse collagen fibres, which were immunohistochemically found to consist of type I, type III and type VI collagens. The amount of elastic fibres was moderately reduced. The glycosaminoglycan content of lesional skin was similar to that in a normal control. Activities of several glycosidases were markedly decreased in cultured fibroblasts.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Testosterone metabolism by cultured human beard outer root sheath cells in comparison with epidermal keratinocytes.

In order to elucidate the mechanism of action of androgen in human hair follicles, we studied testosterone metabolism by cultured beard outer root sheath cells in comparison with that of epidermal keratinocytes. When cells were incubated as a monolayer in serum-free keratinocyte growth medium with physiological concentrations (25 nM) of [3H]testosterone, the major metabolite was androstenedione in either type of cells. Small amounts of androstanedione, dihydrotestosterone and androsterone were also formed. The ratio of apparent 5 alpha-reductase to 17 beta-hydroxy-steroid dehydrogenase activities ranged from 0.11 to 0.81 and did not differ between these two kinds of cells. After these cells were cultured in the presence of 10% fetal calf serum for 10 days, the activities of both metabolic pathways markedly increased without significant changes of the ratio of activities of these two enzymes. Thus, testosterone was rather converted to weak androgens even in beard outer root sheath cells under the experimental conditions.

17-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases↗
PubMed1992

[The effectiveness of radiotherapy for Merkel cell carcinoma].

Merkel cell carcinoma is a high-grade malignant tumor of the skin that tends to extend locally and metastasize to regional lymph nodes. Surgical resection is the treatment of choice, and the effectiveness of radiotherapy for this disease has not yet been established. We report two cases of biopsy-proven Merkel cell carcinoma effectively treated with radiotherapy. Histopathological examination of the resected specimens after radiotherapy of 50 Gy and 38 Gy, respectively, using 6 approximately 15 MeV electrons showed no malignant cells in either case. No evidence of recurrence or metastasis has been noted in 11 to 21 months after radiotherapy. To our knowledge, no case of Merkel cell carcinoma in which complete cure was obtained by radiotherapy alone has been reported previously. It is considered that preoperative radiotherapy would contribute to the management of this locally invasive but radiosensitive tumor.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Fasting diet therapy for chronic urticaria: report of a case.

We used fasting diet therapy with a 28-year-old woman with chronic urticaria who responded only to systemic administration of glucocorticosteroids. The rashes began to decrease on the third therapeutic day and completely disappeared on the 11th day. Although the eruptions relapsed three days after the termination of the therapy, they were milder than previous ones. We also discussed the possible efficacy of fasting diet therapy for chronic urticaria as reported in the literature.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

A case of subepidermal blister disease associated with autoantibody against 450 kD protein.

We report a case of subepidermal blister disease with eruptions distributed on the trunk and extremities. The blisters regressed after administration of corticosteroid and cyclophosphamide. An immunoblot analysis revealed that the patient's serum reacted exclusively with a 450-kD epidermal polypeptide. It did not react with a 230-kD or a 180-kD bullous pemphigoid antigen. The immunofluorescence study showed the patient's serum reacted with the basement membrane zone of human skin.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Phase I study of YK-176 (2'-deoxycoformycin) in patients with adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma. The DCF Study Group.

YK-176 is a newly isolated 2'-deoxycoformycin (DCF), a potent inhibitor of adenosine deaminase, produced by Aspergillus nidulans. In a cooperative phase I study, YK-176 was administered to 22 patients, comprising 18 with adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL), two with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), one with lymphoblastic lymphoma of T-cell type and one with carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Doses of YK-176 ranged from 3.0 to 9.0 mg/m2 and were given intravenously for three consecutive days. General malaise, anorexia, nausea, vomiting and low grade fever were frequently encountered, but were transient and not dose-related. At all dose levels hematological toxicities were mild. Two of seven patients receiving 7.0 mg/m2 for three consecutive days developed hepatocellular enzyme elevations (grade 2) and one patient, proteinuria (grade 2). One of two patients given 9.0 mg/m2 for three consecutive days manifested a life-threatening (grade 4) disturbance of consciousness and dyspnea, presumably ascribable to the drug-related toxicity of YK-176. The results suggest that 7.0 mg/m2 i.v. for three consecutive days is the maximum acceptable dose of YK-176. Central nervous system, pulmonary and possibly renal toxicities appeared to be dose-limiting. Out of the 20 patients evaluable for therapeutic response, partial remissions were observed in four, three with ATL and one with CTCL, who received less than 7.0 mg/m2 for three consecutive days. We conclude that YK-176 is an active agent against ATL at doses that may not be associated with prohibitive toxicity. A starting dose of 5.0 mg/m2 for three consecutive days is recommended for further phase II studies on ATL.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Gastrin releasing peptide-like immunoreactive substance in rat mammary glands during pregnancy.

The concentration of gastrin releasing peptide-like immunoreactive substance (GRP-IS) was measured by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) in rat mammary glands during pregnancy and after delivery. The GRP-IS concentration was high in the middle stage of pregnancy (10-14 days of gestation) and decreased in late pregnancy to reach a plateau range. By using HPLC, it was shown that GRP(20-29) and GRP(16-29) were mainly present in rat mammary glands. Immunohistochemical study revealed that epithelial cells of rat mammary glands were stained intensely with antiserum GP-6201. These results suggest that GRP-IS is produced and secreted in epithelial cells of mammary glands and takes part in the proliferation, differentiation and hypertrophy of mammary glands.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Hereditary lactate dehydrogenase M-subunit deficiency: lactate dehydrogenase activity in skin lesions and in hair follicles.

A 16-year-old Japanese girl had desquamating erythematosquamous lesions mostly on the extensor surface of the extremities. The lesions were worse in summer. The patient also had a mild muscle pain after strenuous exercise. Her paternal and maternal grandfathers are cousins. An analysis of lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) isozymes in her serum revealed a single peak of LDH1. Analysis of LDH isozymes of erythrocytes demonstrated a complete lack of LDH M-subunit in the patient and a substantial lack in the parents. The epidermis of the diseased skin and scalp hair follicles of the patient were virtually devoid of LDH activity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Intranuclear androgen concentrations in facial skin.

The concentrations of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and testosterone were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in the crude nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions of facial skin containing large sebaceous glands. The data obtained were compared with those obtained with specimens from non-target areas. The intranuclear levels of DHT and testosterone in facial skin were 0.03 +/- 0.3 pg/micrograms DNA and 0.35 +/- 0.03 pg/micrograms DNA, respectively levels in genital skin. By contrast, both androgens were below detection by RIA in non-target skin. There was no significant difference between men and women with respect to the intranuclear androgen levels in facial skin. These findings support the view that the sebaceous gland is a typical androgen target organ irrespective of sex.

Axilla↗
PubMed1991

Characterization of 5 alpha-reductase in cultured human dermal papilla cells from beard and occipital scalp hair.

In order to gain a deeper insight into the role of 5 alpha-reductase in the growth of beards in men, we studied some kinetic properties of the enzyme in cell homogenates of cultured human dermal papilla cells from beard and occipital scalp hair. When cell homogenates were incubated with [3H]-testosterone, the 5 alpha-reductase of beard dermal papilla cells exhibited an optimum activity at pH 5.5, whereas the enzyme of dermal papilla cells from occipital scalp hair showed a broad and low plateau between pH 6.0 and 9.0, without a sharp peak. The apparent Michaelis constant of 5 alpha-reductase was 3.3 x 10(-7) M in dermal papilla cells from beard and 2.4 x 10(-5) M in those cells from occipital scalp hair. The apparent Km of 5 alpha-reductase for NADPH was 2.8 x 10(-5) M and 7.6 x 10(-4) M in beard and occipital scalp hair dermal papilla cells, respectively. There were no significant differences in the substrate specificity between these two types of cells. The 5 alpha-reductase activity was recovered mainly in the nuclear fraction of beard dermal papilla cells. By contrast, it was widely distributed among the individual subcellular fractions of dermal papilla cells from occipital scalp hair. These results strongly suggest that these two kinds of dermal papilla cells have different types of 5 alpha-reductase, and that the enzyme in beard dermal papilla cells is similar in characteristics to that in the androgen target organs such as prostate.

3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase↗
PubMed1991

Spindle cell hemangioendothelioma: report of three cases.

Three cases of spindle cell hemangioendothelioma were studied. Two had multiple nodules and the third had a single, recurrent lesion in the dermis or subcutis of the distal extremities. The tumor initiated at the age of 3 months in one patient and at the ages of 11 or 12 years in the remaining two. Local recurrence after surgical excision was observed in all cases. Microscopically the tumors were composed of two components; cavernous blood spaces and a proliferation of spindle cells. Among these spindle cells, there were occasional epithelioid endothelial cells with intracytoplasmic lumina. Phleboliths were observed in two cases. Most of the endothelial cells lining the cavernous spaces were positive for factor VIII-associated antigen in all cases; the intracytoplasmic lumina were also positive in two cases. The spindle cells were negative for that antigen in all cases. However, they were positive for desmin in one case. Electronmicroscopically, the spindle cells resembled primitive mesenchymal cells.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Heterogeneity of clinical features of pseudoxanthoma elasticum: analysis of thirteen cases in Oita Prefecture from a population of 1,240,000.

Thirteen cases among 16,260 patients seen at our department during the nine years from 1981 were diagnosed as pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE). The sex and age distributions were similar to those so far reported in the literature. There were two cases of the autosomal dominant type. One patient had skin lesions typical of PXE in association with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. In two of three patients with cutis laxa-like lesions, eruptions of elastosis perforans serpiginosa were present. In three cases, we failed to detect deposition of calcium in typical skin lesions in either an early or a late stage by histochemical staining, in spite of the presence of slightly degenerated elastic fibers.

Adolescent↗