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Biomedical subjects

S Takase

Publications and source records attributed to S Takase.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[A national surveillance study on alcoholic liver disease in Japan (1986-1991)].

National surveillance studies on alcoholic liver disease (ALD) in Japan were performed in 1978 and 1985, by a previous Japanese study group for ALD (Takeuchi group). In the present study, a subsequent nationwide surveillance study was performed from 1986 to 1991 and the results were compared with the previous two studies. In order to clarify the etiological relationships between hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and ALD, an analysis was also done according to the new diagnostic criteria of ALD which was proposed by this group (Takada group). By the criteria of the Takeuchi group, the incidence of ALD was not significantly different during 1986 to 1991. However, the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in alcoholic cirrhosis (AL-LC) clearly increased during this period. The analysis including the results of the previous study indicate that incidence of ALD reached a plateau in 1980 and then features of ALD in Japan entered a stable stage. However, HCC in AL-LC continued to show a linear increase from 1976 to 1991. Analysis with the new criteria of the Takada group was done in cases of 1990 and 1991. Approximately 2 out of 3 cases of ALD were caused by alcohol alone, and the remaining cases were caused by a combination of alcohol and HCV. Cases caused only by HCV were very rare. The main etiology in patients with alcoholic hepatitis and fibrosis was alcohol alone and that in chronic hepatitis of heavy drinkers was a combination of alcohol and HCV. In half of the patients with AL-LC, the etiology was alcohol alone and in the other half patients, it was a combination of both factors. In most patients with HCC, the etiology was a combination of alcohol and HCV, indicating that HCV infection may be important for the development of HCC in alcoholics.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1994

Is apoptosis involved in alcoholic hepatitis?

Apoptosis is a type of cell death which is clearly distinguishable from necrosis in its morphological and biochemical features. To clarify the role of apoptosis in alcoholic liver injury, we investigated the expression of apoptosis-related Lewis(Le)(y) antigen by immunohistochemistry in liver samples from patients suffering from alcoholic liver disease. Liver biopsy samples were taken from 20 patients who drank more than 80 g of ethanol per day on average. Indirect immunohistochemical staining was carried out using anti-cytokeratin and anti-Le(y) antibodies. To examine the relationship between Mallory bodies and apoptosis, double staining was performed using both antibodies. In alcoholic hepatitis, many Mallory bodies were stained with anti-cytokeratin antibody in hepatocytes of the centrilobular area. Le(y) antigen was also detected in hepatocytes in the same area. Immunohistochemical double staining showed that some of the hepatocytes containing Mallory bodies were stained with anti-Le(y) antibody. Few hepatocytes expressing Le(y) antigens, however, were observed in other types of alcoholic liver disease, including steatosis, fibrosis and cirrhosis. From these results, it is suggested that apoptosis may also be involved in alcoholic hepatitis and that hepatocytes containing Mallory bodies can be eliminated by apoptosis.

Apoptosis↗
PubMed1994

Hepatic messenger RNA contents of cytochrome P4502E1 in patients with different P4502E1 genotypes.

Since heavy drinkers do not always develop alcoholic liver disease (ALD), genetic factors may be involved. Cytochrome P4502E1 (P4502E1) is the main enzyme that oxidizes ethanol in the non-alcohol dehydrogenase pathway. Recently, the presence of genetic polymorphisms at the 5'-flanking region of this enzyme was confirmed. We recently detected the c2 gene of P4502E1 in most patients with ALD, suggesting that development of ALD may be genetically controlled. Although high transcriptional activity of the c2 gene was confirmed in studies using the Hep G2 cell, little is known about transcriptional activity in humans with the c2 gene. Therefore, messenger RNA (mRNA) contents of P4502E1 in livers of patients with different P4502E1 genotypes were measured. Hepatic mRNA contents in type B were three times higher than in type A, suggesting that transcriptional activity of the c2 gene of P4502E1 is stronger than that of the c1 gene, even in human liver. The results of the present study are compatible with those in the Hep G2 cells. These results suggest that polymorphisms of the P4502E1 gene may be linked to the development of ALD through enhancement of ethanol metabolism in the non-alcohol dehydrogenase pathway.

Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1↗
PubMed1993

Dietary vitamin A modulates lecithin-retinol acyltransferase activity in developing chick intestine.

Retinol absorbed and generated from beta-carotene requires to be esterified by lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) in intestinal absorptive cells. To characterize developmental changes in retinol absorptive capability in intestine, we determined LRAT activity and the amount of its retinol donor, cellular retinol-binding protein, type two (CRBP(II)) in the duodenum of developing chicks. The LRAT activity in duodenal microsomes was very low at 18- and 20-day chick embryo, but exhibited a rapid (15-fold) increase during 48 h around hatching, which occurred in parallel with the abrupt elevation of the content of CRBP(II) in chick duodenum. To examine whether dietary vitamin A affects the developmental change in LRAT activity and CRBP(II) content, 1-day-old chicks were pair-fed vitamin A-depleted or vitamin A-supplemented diet for 14 days. The chicks fed vitamin A-depleted diet showed significantly reduced LRAT activity and CRBP(II) in duodenum as early as 3 days after the start of the vitamin A-depleted diet. Changing the diet from vitamin A-depleted to vitamin A-supplemented diet led to an increase in duodenal LRAT activity within 24 h, while serum retinol concentration remained unchanged. These results suggest that duodenal LRAT activity and CRBP(II) are modulated by dietary vitamin A during the perinatal period.

Acyltransferases↗
PubMed1993

Adaptive changes of intestinal cellular retinol-binding protein, type II following jejunum-bypass operation in the rat.

To examine whether the amount of intestinal cellular retinol-binding protein, type II (CRBP(II)) exhibits an adaptive change in a shortened jejunum, the distal end of 5-cm proximal-jejunal segment of 2-mth-old rats was joined to the proximal end of the ileum by an end-to-end anastomosis (jejunum-bypass operation). Three weeks after the operation, the amounts of CRBP(II) in proximal jejunum, proximal ileum and distal ileum were determined using a monospecific antiserum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The jejunum-bypass operation led to a 2-fold increase in the total amounts of CRBP(II) in proximal ileum where hyperplasia occurred; this elevation was in parallel to the increase of total proteins and DNA contents. in the proximal jejunum preceding the bypassed segment, the CRBP(II) level per unit DNA increased by 80%. The jejunum-bypass operation changed neither hepatic total retinol content, nor serum concentrations of retinol and retinol binding protein as compared with the sham-operation, suggesting that retinol absorption was elevated in the shortened small intestine. These results suggest that the increase in CRBP(II) content following jejunum-bypass might be an adaptive response to an enhancement of retinol absorption.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1993

Improvement of left ventricular function after renal transplantation in a patient with uremic cardiomyopathy: report of a case.

The improvement of heart function in a patient on hemodialysis with dilated cardiomyopathy by renal transplantation is herein reported. The patient was a 35-year-old woman. Hemodialysis had been initiated 3 months before, but she experienced difficulty with hemodialysis maintenance and exhibited congestive heart failure. The ejection fraction (EF) was decreased to 36.6% in the echocardiogram, and an intracardiac biopsy of the right ventricle showed myofiber degeneration and interstitial edema upon examination by light microscopy. She then underwent renal transplantation, and the postoperative recovery was almost uneventful. The cardiothoracic ratio decreased rapidly to around 40% after 1 month, although her body weight increased. The ejection fraction increased to 50% in the echocardiogram. An intracardiac biopsy of the right ventricle revealed disoriented myofibers, but myofiber degeneration improved, and no interstitial edema was present upon examination by light microscope. The electron microscopy showed that the intracellular edema had disappeared and other degenerative changes had also improved. The patient was discharged on the 44th postoperative day, with a serum creatinine of 1.3 mg/dl.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Characteristic features of alcoholic liver disease in Japan: a review.

The characteristics of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) in Japanese patients were reviewed and compared with those in Western countries. From the study in Japanese cases, it became clear that alcoholic fibrosis and chronic hepatitis induced by alcohol were types of ALD other than the traditional 3 types. Liver injury in Japanese cases was clearly milder than that in American cases. In American cases, the injury may be fully developed, because of greater alcohol and fat intake. This may be one reason why the two above types of ALD have not been mentioned in the literature of Western countries. In Japanese patients, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is not related to alcoholic fibrosis and alcoholic hepatitis. On the other hand, the prevalence of HCV markers was high in chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Alcoholic hepatitis and chronic hepatitis are the high risk groups for the development of cirrhosis and the chronic hepatitis group is at high risk for the development of HCC. Although the risk is low in alcoholic fibrosis, some patients also develop cirrhosis. About half of the cases of cirrhosis may develop from alcoholic hepatitis and alcoholic fibrosis, and the remaining half cases may develop from chronic hepatitis. Over 80% of HCC cases may develop from chronic hepatitis in Japan. Chronic alcoholism enhanced the development of HCV-related HCC. Recent increase of HCC in alcoholic cirrhosis in Japan may be related to the increase of alcohol consumption, the increase of blood transfusions, and longer survival of cirrhosis patients.

Hepatitis, Alcoholic↗
PubMed1993

Effects of genotypes of hepatitis C virus on interferon treatment for chronic type C hepatitis.

Interferon is commonly used for treatment of type C hepatitis, but the effects are variable and many factors may be responsible. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) can be classified into 4 types, PT, K1, K2a and K2b. Therefore, the responses to interferon treatment in patients with the different HCV genotypes were analyzed. Twenty-four patients with type C hepatitis were treated with 3 to 10 million units of various types of interferon for more than 8 weeks. HCV-RNA encoding the NS5 region (HCV-NS5) was positive in these 24 patients, 16 of which were classified with the K1 type and 8 with the K2 type of HCV. In all patients except for 2, HCV-NS5 became negative within 3 weeks of treatment without relation to the HCV genotypes. Serum alanine aminotransferase levels were normalized in 7 out of 8 patients in the K2 group and in 4 out of 16 patients in the K1 group at the end of 8 weeks. At the 24th week, ALT levels were normalized in 5 out of 6 patients in the K2 group, and in one out of 9 patients in the K1 group. The percentage of patients exhibiting a good response was significantly higher in the K2 group than in the K1 group at both observation periods. During the post-treatment periods, relapse following complete response was found in 3 patients in the K2 group and in one patient in the K1 group. The final effects of interferon were significantly better in the K2 group than in the K1 group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Differences in the hepatitis C virus genotypes in different countries.

We recently classified the hepatitis C virus (HCV) into 4 types (HCV-PT, -K1, -K2a and -K2b) according to differences in nucleotide sequences. It was found that HCV-PT, the prototype reported from the U.S.A., was rare in Japan, suggesting that distribution of HCV genotypes may be different in various countries. The prevalence of HCV genotypes was therefore compared in different countries. Genotyping of HCV was performed by slot-blot hybridization analysis using cDNA probes specific to each type of HCV or by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. In 121 Japanese non-cancer patients, the prevalence of HCV genotypes was 77.7% for HCV-K1, 16.5% for HCV-K2a and 5.0% for HCV-K2b. HCV-PT was detected in only 1 patient (0.8%). The prevalence in 43 Japanese hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients was 74.4% for HCV-K1, 18.6% for HCV-K2a and 4.7% for HCV-K2b. HCV-PT was found in only 1 sample. In 19 European non-cancer patients, HCV-PT was found in 42.1% and HCV-K1 was found in 52.6%. HCV-K2 was not found. All 7 samples from European HCC patients were HCV-K1, indicating a significantly higher prevalence than in non-cancer patients. In 13 Brazilian non-cancer patients, the distribution pattern was similar to that of the Europeans. In 10 samples from the U.S.A., HCV-PT was found in 70% and HCV-K2 was found in 1 sample. In 18 Chinese non-cancer patients, HCV-K1 was found in 44.4%, HCV-K2a in 50.0% and HCV-K2b in 5.6% HCV-PT was not found. Two samples from Chinese HCC patients were HCV-K1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Brazil↗
PubMed1993

Detection of precore/core-mutant hepatitis B virus genome in patients with acute or fulminant hepatitis without serological markers for recent HBV infection.

To confirm the possibility that some hepatitis B virus (HBV) variants do not induce HB s antigen (HBsAg), anti-HB core antibody (anti-HBc) and anti-HBc IgM in a transient infection, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed in 20 patients with acute hepatitis and 7 patients with fulminant hepatitis. Patients were diagnosed with non-A, non-B hepatitis by serological markers at admission. PCR successfully amplified the precore/core gene in 5 (25%) of the patients with acute hepatitis and 2 (29%) of the patients with fulminant hepatitis. Subsequent sequencing revealed frequent mutations including precore-defects in the precore/core gene.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1993

Analysis of the characteristics of microheterogeneity of various serum glycoproteins in chronic alcoholics.

It has been reported that microheterogeneity of serum glycoproteins including transferrin is found in alcoholic liver disease. In the present study, microheterogeneity of serum glycoproteins in alcoholic liver disease patients was analysed using the Western blotting technique after isoelectric focusing. Microheterogeneity was found for serum alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 2-macroglobulin, caeruloplasmin, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein and hemopexin as well as transferrin. Microheterogeneity disappeared following treatment with sialidase in some but not all glycoproteins. In hemopexin, microheterogeneity was recognized only after treatment with sialidase. These results suggest that mechanisms of microheterogeneity of serum glycoproteins in alcoholic liver disease may vary. One mechanism may be the interference of glycosylation of glycoproteins in the Golgi apparatus, and another may be the decrease of asialo-protein receptors in hepatocytes.

Blotting, Western↗
PubMed1993

Ethanol and acetaldehyde metabolism in cultured rat hepatocytes.

In the present study, ethanol (Et-OH) and acetaldehyde (Ac-CHO) metabolism in primary cultured hepatocytes isolated from chronically alcohol-fed rats were analysed to elucidate the characteristics of the metabolism of Ac-CHO produced through the non-alcohol dehydrogenase (non-ADH) pathway. Dimethyl sulfoxide was added to the culture medium to prevent a decrease in P450 IIE1 activity. Ac-CHO formed in the culture medium was trapped by semicarbazide to prevent a reutilization of Ac-CHO by hepatocytes. The degradation rate of Ac-CHO in the liver was similar in alcohol and non-alcohol-treated rats. Therefore, the characteristic of the metabolism of Ac-CHO in the chronically alcohol-fed rats was not clarified in this study. The possibility that the Ac-CHO trapping by semicarbazide was only 70%, and that the remaining Ac-CHO was reutilized for oxidation in the hepatocytes, should be considered. Some method to trap Ac-CHO completely in the culture medium is needed to clarify the characteristics of Ac-CHO metabolism.

Acetaldehyde↗
PubMed1993

Type IV collagen and laminin contents of livers from patients with alcoholic liver disease.

Characteristic histological features of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) are pericellular and perivenular fibrosis. It has been emphasized from immunohistochemical studies that pericellular and perivenular fibrosis may be caused by the increase of type IV collagen (IV-C) and/or laminin (LM). However, quantitative changes of hepatic IV-C and LM contents in ALD are not well known. Recently, we have developed assay systems for IV-C and LM contents in liver biopsy specimens. In the present study, hepatic IV-C and LM contents in ALD and non-ALD patients were measured. Liver biopsy specimens were obtained from 36 patients with ALD, 24 patients with non-ALD and five patients without liver disease. IV-C and LM contents in liver biopsy specimens were measured using the one-step sandwich enzyme immunoassay system for human serum IV-C and LM levels. Total collagen (T-C) content was also measured by the method of Leon and Rojkind. Hepatic IV-C, LM and T-C contents were significantly higher in all types of liver disease than in controls, and tended to increase with the progression of fibrosis. Especially in ALD, both IV-C and LM contents increased from the early stage, and the values in each type of ALD were significantly higher than those in the corresponding type of non-ALD. The ratio of IV-C or LM to T-C was also significantly higher in ALD than in the corresponding non-ALD. The prominent increases of IV-C and LM at the early stage of fibrosis may be one of the characteristics of collagen metabolism in ALD.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1993

Relationship between alcoholic liver disease and HCV infection.

The high prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) markers in alcoholic liver cirrhosis (AL-LC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) suggests a close aetiopathogenic relationship between alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and HCV infection. In the present study, HCV markers in ALD were measured by the highly sensitive methods, and the changes of sequential HCV markers after abstinence in ALD patients were analysed in order to elucidate the effect of alcohol on HCV. Antibodies to HCV-related antigen were determined using the first or second generation test kit. HCV-RNA genomes encoding the NS-5 region were detected using the RT-PCR method. In the HCV-NS5 negative serum, HCV genomes of the 5'-noncoding region were detected using the two-stage PCR method. Titres of HCV-RNA were measured by multiple cyclic PCR and cDNA dot blotting. Typing of HCV genomes was carried out on the PCR product from the NS-5 region by slot blot hybridization using type-specific cDNA probes, or by restriction fragment length polymorphisms analysis. In alcoholic fibrosis and alcoholic hepatitis, the prevalence of HCV markers was low, suggesting that the main aetiological factor is alcohol but not HCV in these types of ALD. HCV markers were positive in the half of the patients with AL-LC, and in more than 80% of patients with AL-CH and AL-HCC, indicating that HCV infection closely relates to these types of ALD. The ratio of the K1 type to the K2 type of HCV genomes was 4:1 in all types of NANB liver disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗