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Biomedical subjects

S Takagi

Publications and source records attributed to S Takagi.

At least 577 records · Page 32Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Blood ethanol and acetaldehyde levels in Japanese alcoholics and controls.

Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) isozyme I deficiency in hair root samples from 105 healthy individuals and 72 alcoholics was determined using isoelectric focusing. From these individuals, 12 male alcoholics (2 with ALDH isozyme I deficiency and 10 normal) and 45 healthy controls (18 with ALDH isozyme I deficiency and 27 normal) were investigated for their blood ethanol and acetaldehyde levels by gas chromatography after an acute dose of alcohol (0.5 g ethanol/kg body wt.). Peak blood ethanol values of about 10 mmol/l were attained after 1 hour both in alcoholics and normal controls irrespective of their ALDH type. There was no significant difference in the blood ethanol level during the 5 hr post-drinking period in both the groups. Peak blood acetaldehyde concentration was significantly higher in healthy controls and alcoholics deficient in ALDH isozyme I after alcohol drinking (about 30 micro-mmol/l) than in individuals with normal ALDH isozyme I (3 micro-mmol/l). However, no significant difference in blood acetaldehyde was observed between alcoholics and controls.

Acetaldehyde↗
PubMed1983

Association of HLA-B40 and DRW9 with Japanese alcoholic liver cirrhosis.

Seventy-seven chronic alcoholics with liver disease were studied to evaluate the HLA antigen association. There were no significant differences of HLA antigen phenotype frequencies (PF) between the patients and controls regarding A and C loci, (62 healthy Japanese). Prevalences of HLA-B40 complex (B40 . 48 . 13) and DRW9 tended to increase among chronic alcoholics. When chronic alcoholics were divided according to whether they had liver cirrhosis or not, the cirrhosis group (42 cases) revealed a significantly higher frequency of HLA-DRW9 (chi 2 = 10.88, p less than 0.001, corrected p less than 0.05, relative risk (R.R.) = 4.17) as compared to controls. There was also a tendency of B40 complex to increase in frequency (chi 2 = 5.51, p less than 0.05, R.R. = 2.65) in the cirrhosis group. Haplotype frequency and linkage disequilibrium parameters of HLA-B40 . 48-DRW9 were significantly higher than those of controls. Moreover, the increased frequency of DRW9 in the cirrhosis group was similar to that in autoimmune disease like ulcerative colitis or SLE. These data suggest that HLA-DRW9 and/or HLA-B40-DRW9 might be closely associated with susceptibility to developing alcoholic cirrhosis and that autoimmune mechanisms might be involved partly in its etiology.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

O-imino esters of N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)phosphorodiamidic acid. Synthesis, X-ray structure determination, and anticancer evaluation.

Nine representatives of the title series of compounds [(ClCH2CH2)2NP(O)(NH2)ON = CRR'] were synthesized as potential anticancer prodrugs, based on the possibility of enzymatic reduction of the N-O bond to release the known cytotoxic agent phosphoramide mustard [1, (ClCH2CH2)2NP(O)(NH2)OH]. The dimethyl derivative (2, R = R' = CH3) exhibited a statistically significant, albeit low, level of anti-L1210 activity in mice. Derivative 2, which was shown by 31P NMR measurements to be very stable toward hydrolysis at 37 degrees C over a pH range of 5.7-7.4 (T1/2 congruent to 7-8 weeks), gave colorimetrically detectable amounts of alkylating material upon incubation with mouse liver slices: approximately 3-5% conversion after 20 min at 37 degrees C. A single-crystal X-ray study of 2 revealed an unusual hydrogen-bonded "ladder" and a very similar steric relationship for the NCH2CH2Cl and ON = CCH3 moieties.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Impairment of smooth pursuit eye movement in chronic alcoholics.

Smooth pursuit eye movement was quantitatively evaluated in 99 chronic alcoholics and in 100 nonalcoholic control subjects. In both groups the smooth pursuit was increasingly impaired with advancing age, but in chronic alcoholics the smooth pursuit eye movement was more frequently (42.4%) impaired than in age-matched controls (20.0%, p less than 0.005). The characteristic feature of the impairment observed in chronic alcoholics was prominent saccadic movement of the eyes; ataxic pursuit was less common. It is suggested that the impairment of smooth pursuit eye movement in alcoholics is probably attributable to 'premature aging' of the cerebral cortex caused by chronic alcohol abuse.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Regulation of cytoplasmic streaming in Vallisneria mesophyll cells.

Induction and cessation of the rotational cytoplasmic streaming in Vallisneria mesophyll cells could be controlled by external stimuli. In cells that had been kept in darkness the cytoplasm remained quiescent. However, when the cells were treated in the dark with EGTA solution (10 mM or 20 mM buffered with 10 mM-Tris-maleate at pH 7.0), rotational cytoplasmic streaming was induced. When the cells were transferred again to artificial pond water in the dark, the induced streaming was inhibited; that is, only 50% of the observed cells exhibited active streaming after 2 h. When the cells were irradiated continuously with far-red light (lambda max = 750 nm, 0.4 W/m2) in the same external medium, the induced streaming was inhibited almost completely within 2 h. The relative quantum effectiveness of monochromatic light (450--800 nm) in producing cessation of streaming was also investigated. Irradiation with light of 450, 550 and 600 nm was almost as effective as darkness. Light of 500 and 650 nm was less effective than dark exposure. Only irradiation at 750 nm stopped streaming in almost all cells. But when calcium was excluded from the external medium, the effect of far-red light decreased to almost the dark control level. Light of 800 nm also inhibited the streaming but the effect was much less than that of far-red light. Microfilaments in bundles with the long axis parallel to the streaming direction were localized in the vicinity of the cell membrane. Their configuration, localization and distribution were the same in the present experimental system irrespective of whether the cytoplasm was streaming or quiescent. Intracellular calcium was examined by electron microscopic cytochemistry and X-ray microanalysis. In cells with streaming induced by EGTA, only a small amount of calcium-containing precipitates formed in the cytoplasm in the presence of antimony. A few precipitates were found in the chloroplasts, the middle lamella of the cell wall and at the border between the cytoplasm and the cell wall. On the other hand, in cells treated with EGTA and subsequently irradiated with far-red light in artificial pond water, many precipitates were observe in the cytoplasm, chloroplasts, mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. The middle lamella was also heavily stained. On the basis of these observations, it was concluded that rotational cytoplasmic streaming in Vallisneria cells can be induced when the free calcium concentration in the cytoplasm decreases and that the induced streaming is arrested when the free calcium concentration in the cytoplasm increases. Far-red light accelerates the increase of calcium in the cytoplasm.

Calcium↗
PubMed1983

Amaurosis fugax for a long duration.

A 31-year-old Japanese male with unilateral bouts of transient visual loss lasting for variable periods of time has been observed. In spite of the prolonged duration of some of these attacks (the longest attack lasted 7 1/2 hours), the patient sustained a relatively small amount of functional damage to the retina. Although the exact mechanism underlying these bouts of transient visual loss remains unknown, a discussion of the possible causes of such episodes, as well as the reasons for the relative preservation of vision in spite of the length of these attacks, is included.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Statistical analysis of urinary estriol (U-E3), serum leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) and heat stable alkaline phosphatase (HSAP) in toxemia].

The levels of urinary estriol (U-E3), serum leucine aminopeptidase (LSP) and heat stable alkaline phosphatase (HSAP) were determined in toxemic and normal pregnancies. The significance of differences was established by weekly estimation of the parameters for both groups after the 28th week of gestation. Assayed values were classified into 4 types (type I-IV) by the mean values for 3 serial 24h assays and 3 patterns (pattern a-c) observed with these three determinations. The distribution rate for each type and pattern was examined according to the following: Severe toxemia, low birth weight, meconium staining at parturition and low apgar score groups. For U-E3, the incidence of the low value type (type IV) and the descending pattern (pattern c) both increased linearly in all the above groups. These findings suggest the clinical applicability of U-E3 as a reasonable indicator for evaluating intrauterine fetal well being because of the close correlation to the listed conditions. Thus these biochemical parameters should be considered in the antepartum fetal management of third trimester toxemic pregnancies.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1983

Protein-losing enteropathy in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Although protein-losing enteropathy can be associated with a variety of disorders, only three cases have been described in association with systemic lupus erythematosus. In the case described herein, protein-losing enteropathy was the only clinical manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus. Small intestinal biopsy revealed edema and mild mononuclear cell infiltration in lamina propria mucosae and no evidence of lymphangiectasia. X-ray studies of the gastrointestinal tract were normal. Protein-losing enteropathy responded to high-dose corticosteroid therapy. Protein-losing enteropathy should be suspected as a possible cause of unexplained hypoalbuminemia in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Biochemical and morphological study of pregnant rat myometrium: role of steroid receptors and gap junction formation in onset of parturition].

In order to understand the mechanism involved in the onset of labor in rats, a series of biochemical and morphological studies were done on pregnant rat myometrium, during the latter half of pregnancy and in the postpartum period. It was observed that plasma progesterone (P) levels gradually declined between day 15 and 20 of pregnancy as did cytosol (PRC) and nuclear P receptors (PRN). In contrast, nuclear estrogen receptors (ERN), both occupied and unoccupied, increased in number during this period of time. Between 24 to 6 hrs prior to labor, plasma P levels and PRN reached a nadir (day 15 v.s. day 21; 776 +/- 88.5 and 187.4 +/- 40.4 fmol/mg DNA, mean +/- S.E., p less than 0.01), while ERN showed an abrupt increase (day 21 v.s. day 22; 1710.6 +/- 61.1 and 3254.8 +/- 203.8 fmol/mg DNA, p less than 0.01), and remained high during labor. After delivery, ERN gradually decreased, but PRN showed a surge between 6 to 12 hrs postpartum in concert with the rise in plasma P levels due to ovulation. Electromicroscopic quantitation of gap junctions (gis) also showed a sharp increase in the number of gjs during labor (day 21 v.s. during labor; 2.0 +/- 0.4 and 17.9 +/- 1.5 gjs per 1,000mcm of plasma membrane, p less than 0.01). A large number of gjs were observed during the first 12 hrs postpartum, but they abruptly disappeared thereafter. These observations suggest that in rats, prepartum accumulation of ERN may facilitate the formation of gjs, which serve as a means for either electrical or chemical excitations to synchronize myometrial contractions and initiate/sustain labor. After delivery, on the other hand, P seems to down-regulate the number of gjs and induce rapid myometrial quiescence during postpartum ovulation which allows the myometrium to be receptive to fertilized ovum.

Animals↗