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Biomedical subjects

S Takagi

Publications and source records attributed to S Takagi.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Acute subdural hematoma: severity of injury, surgical intervention, and mortality.

Sixty patients with acute subdural hematoma were treated at Tokyo Metropolitan Hiroo Hospital between 1981 and 1989. The overall mortality was 55% and the functional recovery rate 30%. Thirteen (93%) of 14 patients with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 3 died, while all eight patients with a GCS score of 7 or more achieved functional recovery. The mortality of patients with GCS scores of 4-6 ranged from 45 to 67%. Patients with GCS scores of 4-6 over 65 years old had a mortality of 82%, compared to 50% mortality for those aged 19-40 years. The mortality for patients with GCS scores of 4-6 operated on within 4 hours of injury was 62% in contrast to 33% for those operated on from 4 to 10 hours. Patients with GCS scores of 4-6 who underwent craniotomy with evacuation of the hematoma achieved significantly better recovery than those treated by burr holes. Four patients with GCS scores of 4-6 died in spite of decompressive craniectomy or craniotomy with duroplasty. The mortality is only influenced by age and type of surgical intervention among patients with GCS scores of 4-6. Shorter time from injury to surgical evacuation does not affect mortality within 10 hours of injury.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Birch pollen nasal allergy in Sapporo and its cross reactivity with alder pollen].

We reported here 53 cases of birch pollen nasal allergy treated in our department from 1990 to 1991. The 53 patients constituted 16% of 335 total nasal allergy patients. In recent years, the number of birch pollen nasal allergy patients has apparently been gradually increasing in Sapporo. Skin tests, radioallergosorbent test (RAST) determinations and nasal provocation tests were performed for the diagnosis of birch pollen nasal allergy, and high degrees of correlation were observed among these tests. Therefore, it seems to be reasonable to determine the birch pollen allergy with only a positive case history of early springtime hay fever and RAST determination. A high correlation coefficient (Rho) value was found with RAST determinations between birch pollen and alder pollen. Furthermore, RAST of alder pollen was significantly inhibited by birch pollen extracts. These results indicate cross reactivity, presumably due to partial immunologic identity between these two pollen allergens.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Postural control of fish related to gravity input.

The disappearance of gravity input during space flight causes many functional disorders in animal and human postural control system. On the other hand, it has been shown that these functional deficits reduce or disappear with time and adapt to weightlessness. Unusual fish behavior was reported during the first few days of orbit flight and also during postflight recovery in Skylab 3 experiment. Similar fish behavior was observed in microgravity obtained during the parabolic flight of airplane. These results suggest that fish might provide a good model for investigating adaptation of sensory-motor interaction in microgravity. The fish generally show a "dorsal light response (DLR)" indicating how these postural mechanisms concern with the environment. That is, when a light is presented laterally, a fish rolls its dorsal surface toward the light an equilibrium point between the gravity vector and the light source vector. In addition, the DLR after bilaterally labyrinthectomy or changes of the DLR in microgravity show the involvement of other factors related to the changes of gravity. In this investigation, the behavioral changes of bilaterally labyrinthectomized (BL) and unilaterally labyrinthectomized (UL) fish adapted for more than 3 months on the ground postoperatively were used to analyze whether buoyancy was affected by injecting of a contrast medium into the swimming bladder.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1993

Functional participation of the valvula cerebelli on the goldfish dorsal light response.

Most fish swim freely in three dimensions. The vestibular organs of fish are well developed and play an important role in maintaining postural equilibrium. Postural equilibrium in teleost fish also depend on visual information. Dorsal light response (DLR) of fish has been well-known as representative visually guided behavioral response since von Holst's description in 1935. The DLR, an innate behavior of teleost fish, whereby the back is oriented toward a given light source, represents a simple interaction between the visual and vestibular sensory inputs. In order to identify the neural center of the DLR in goldfish, lesion studies of the goldfish brain were conducted in our laboratory. The DLR was not affected by the extirpation of the corpus cerebelli, but was entirely abolished after bilateral lesions of the valvula cerebelli. The valvula cerebelli in goldfish was separated into the medial and lateral lobes by a longitudinal fissure. As to the afferent connections of the corpus cerebelli, many findings have been reported. However, the function and the fiber connections of the valvula cerebelli, especially its lateral lobe, are still unknown. Therefore, we examined the afferent connections of the lateral lobe of the valvula cerebelli by means of tracing technique with horseradish peroxidase. Furthermore, we investigated the effects of selective lesions of the medial and lateral valvula cerebelli on the DLR.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1993

[Acute progressive polyneuropathy in a patient with Waldenström macroglobulinemia].

A case of Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (WM) (IgM-kappa type) associated with acute-onset demyelinating peripheral neuropathy is reported. A 49-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of general fatigue and recurrent syncope attacks. She was treated with vincristine, cyclophosphamide, epirubicin and prednisolone. By 10th hospital day, her clinical condition improved and serum viscosity was reduced. However, on the 21st hospital day, she suffered from rapidly progressive writing and gait disturbance. Neurological examination showed muscular atrophy and weakness in the distal part of four extremities. Deep tendon reflexes were diminished. There was no sensory deficit. Cerebrospinal fluid was normal. Anti-myelin associated glycoprotein activity of her serum was negative. Both motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities were markedly decreased. Biopsy of sural nerve revealed marked demyelination and onion bulb formation. There was IgM deposition on myelin sheath. Minimal axonal changes excluded the possibility of vincristine neuropathy. Plasmapheresis improved her symptoms, but nerve conduction velocities remained unchanged. Polyneuropathy associated with WM is usually gradual onset and sensory dominant. In this case, associated neuropathy was acute onset, progressive and motor dominant. This type of neuropathy in patients with WM is very rare.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1993

[Alcohol and sudden death: a survey on alcohol-related deaths at tokyo Metropolitan Medical Examiner's Office (1989)].

Seven thousand three hundred seventy-six sudden or violent manner of deaths were inspected or autopsied at Tokyo Metropolitan Medical Examiner's Office in 1989. Out of these victims, 693 (9.4%) victims were regarded as heavy drinkers on the basis of the drinking habits and the autopsy reports and 196 (2.7%) victims without past problem drinking were thought to be drunk at death from the family statements or the blood alcohol analysis. The total 889 (12.1%) alcohol-related cases (autopsy was performed on the 489 cases) were studied from epidemiological and etiological viewpoints. The average age of the alcohol-related victims (male: 811, female: 78) was 52 +/- 11 years. In middle-aged (45-54 years) men, 34% of the all sudden or violent deaths were alcohol-related. About half of the alcohol-related victims were living alone and jobless and they often died at home, particularly in the bed. In the alcohol-related victims, the blood alcohol concentration (BAC) analysis revealed that the average BAC of female was significantly higher than that of male. (2.12 +/- 1.73 mg/ml vs. 1.33 +/- 1.75, P < 0.01). This difference may be associated with sex difference in ethanol metabolism, body composition and drinking habits. Among the major causes of the alcohol-related deaths, alcoholic liver diseases accounted for 226 (25%), gastro-intestinal bleedings for 115 (13%), cardiovascular diseases for 105 (12%) and violent deaths (e.g., acute alcohol intoxication, falls, traffic accidents, suicide) for 329 (37%). By histopathological examination of the liver, about 30% of the alcoholic liver disease cases showed mainly fatty metamorphosis and 48% showed liver cirrhosis. Only 12% of the cirrhotics had either jaundice or ascites, suggesting hepatic failure. Alcoholic cardiomyopathy was suspected in only 11 cases. In conclusion, many people, particularly middle-aged men, lose their lives due to heavy drinking and there are many pathologically unexplainable sudden deaths of alcoholics.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Direct sequencing of PCR products using unlabeled primers.

An improved protocol is described for using lambda exonuclease to directly sequence PCR products. It is important not to execute PCR cycles beyond the plateau of amplification. The asymmetric PCR and double-stranded DNA sequencing by a snap-cooling procedure were also performed using the same DNA samples and primers. The improved method was the most reliable and produced the best results.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Clinical long-term studies of the treatment of chronic complicated urinary tract infections. Utility and recurrence after 14-day treatment by cefditoren pivoxil].

In this study, cefditoren pivoxil (ME 1207, CDTR-PI), a new oral cephem antibiotic, was given to 72 patients with non-catheterized complicated urinary tract infections (UTI) to evaluate clinical efficacy and safety, and also to investigate the rate of recurrence after completion of treatment. Daily dose of CDTR-PI was 100 mg t.i.d., and CDTR-PI was administered for 14 days. According to the criteria proposed by the Japanese UTI Committee, clinical efficacy of CDTR-PI was evaluated at day 7 and day 14. The rate of recurrence was assessed by bacterial count in urine as the marker. The following results were obtained. 1. Overall clinical efficacy rates were 68.4% on day 7 and 81.6% on day 14. The efficacy rate at day 14 was higher than the rate at day 7. 2. Bacteriologically, eradication rates were 75.5% at day 7 and 79.6% at day 14. 3. As to side effects, abdominal discomfort was observed in 1 case and its incidence was 1.6%. Incidence of abnormalities of laboratory findings was 10.4%, and these abnormalities were slight and transient. 4. Thirty-one patients were assessable to the recurrence of infections, 60% of them were judged as "cured" at 1-2 weeks and 3-7 weeks after completion of treatment. In this study, "relapsed", reappearance of causative organisms, was observed much more frequently than "reinfection". These results suggest that sufficient clinical efficacy and safety of CDTR-PI in non-catheterized complicated UTI were effected by 14 days treatment.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1992

C33 antigen recognized by monoclonal antibodies inhibitory to human T cell leukemia virus type 1-induced syncytium formation is a member of a new family of transmembrane proteins including CD9, CD37, CD53, and CD63.

C33 Ag was originally identified by mAb inhibitory to syncytium formation induced by human T cell leukemia virus type 1. The Ag was shown to be a highly heterogeneous glycoprotein consisting of a 28-kDa protein and N-linked oligosaccharides ranging from 10 to 50 kDa. In the present study, cDNA clones were isolated from a human T cell cDNA expression library in Escherichia coli by using mAb C33. The identity of cDNA was verified by immunostaining and immunoprecipitation of transfected NIH3T3 cells with mAb. The cDNA contained an open reading frame of a 267-amino acid sequence which was a type III integral membrane protein of 29.6 kDa with four putative transmembrane domains and three putative N-glycosylation sites. The C33 gene was found to belong to a newly defined family of genes for membrane proteins, such as CD9, CD37, CD53, CD63, and TAPA-1, and was identical to R2, a cDNA recently isolated because of its strong up-regulation after T cell activation. Availability of mAb for C33 Ag enabled us to define its distribution in human leukocytes. C33 Ag was expressed in CD4+ T cells, CD19+ B cells, CD14+ monocytes, and CD16+ granulocytes. Its expression was low in CD8+ T cells and mostly negative in CD16+ NK cells. PHA stimulation enhanced the expression of C33 Ag in CD4+ T cells by about 5-fold and in CD8+ T cells by about 20-fold. PHA stimulation also induced the dramatic size changes in the N-linked sugars previously shown to accompany human T cell leukemia virus type 1-induced transformation of CD4+ T cells.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Strong induction of ICAM-1 in human T cells transformed by human T-cell-leukemia virus type 1 and depression of ICAM-1 or LFA-1 in adult T-cell-leukemia-derived cell lines.

Sixteen human T-cell lines were studied for the expression of a cell-adhesion molecule ICAM-1 and its counter-receptor LFA-1. The cell lines included 3 human T-cell-leukemia-virus-type-I (HTLV-1)-negative cell lines derived from acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and 13 HTLV-1-positive cell lines, 7 of them established from cord- or peripheral-blood T cells by in vitro transformation with HTLV-1, 2 derived from HTLV-1 carriers, and 4 derived from patients with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). In sharp contrast to a basal level of ICAM-1 in 3 HTLV-1-negative ALL cell lines, strong induction of ICAM-1 was seen in all HTLV-1-positive T-cell lines except for MT-1, one of the 4 ATL cell lines used in the present study. On the other hand, the expression of LFA-1 (CD11a and CD18) was more or less similar among the cell lines with and without HTLV-1. Interestingly, however, 3 out of 4 ATL cell lines (TL-Om1, H582, HUT102) revealed striking depression of LFA-1 expression. Several lines of evidence strongly argued against direct involvement of the viral transactivator p40tax or some autocrine cytokines in the induction of ICAM-1 in HTLV-1-positive T-cell lines. It was also found that ICAM-1 and LFA-1 were involved in syncytium formation induced in the co-culture of HTLV-1-positive and HTLV-1-negative human T-cell lines. Implications of constitutive expression of ICAM-1 for certain clinical manifestations of ATL and of depression of either ICAM-1 or LFA-1 during progression of ATL are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Hinge region of human IgG2 protein: conformational studies with monoclonal antibodies.

We previously produced three anti-human IgG2 mAbs with high specificity and found that they recognize distinct epitopes in the hinge region and neighboring residues in human IgG2: HG2-6A was reactive with the hinge region (Glu216-Pro230); HG2-56F with the Pro234 residue and HG2-30F with the Val235 residue. In this study, we evaluated the reactivities of those three mAbs with human IgG2 protein under various conditions. The results obtained using HG2-6A mAb indicated that the hinge region was concealed in the native form, but exposed after heat treatment at 63 degrees C, or chemical treatment with 3 M KSCN, 3 M guanidine, 30% CH3CN, 8 M urea or acid at pH 2.0 as well as by adsorption onto polystyrene beads. The IgG2 hinge region was also exposed after binding to specific antigens. The Pro234 residue recognized by HG2-56F mAb was exposed under all conditions studied. The neighboring Val235 residue recognized by HG2-30F, however, was completely concealed in the native and antigen-bound states. Only treatment with 3 M guanidine and acid at pH 2.0, or physical adsorption induced conformational changes to partially expose the Val235 residue.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1992

Involvement of neuronal cell surface molecule B2 in the formation of retinal plexiform layers.

The B2 molecule is a 220 kd neuronal cell surface protein of Xenopus, recognized by monoclonal antibody B2 (MAb B2). Immunohistochemistry using MAb B2 revealed that the B2 molecule was expressed in both the inner and outer plexiform layers within the neural retina. During development of the neural retina, the B2 molecule first appeared at stages 35/36 in the newly formed plexiform layers. When embryonic eyes were cultured in the presence of anti-B2 antiserum (Fab fragments), the formation of the retinal plexiform layers was impeded. These data suggest that the cell surface molecule B2 plays a role in the development of retinal plexiform layers.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Human T cell leukaemia virus type 1 p21X mRNA: constitutive expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with adult T cell leukaemia.

Although the p21X protein of human T cell leukaemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is generally thought to be expressed from a doubly spliced mRNA transcript (tax/rex mRNA) that encodes the p40tax, p27rex and p21X proteins, we have shown previously that a novel, alternatively spliced mRNA transcript (p21X mRNA) is responsible for p21X production in HTLV-1-infected cell lines. In the present study, we analysed expression of p21X mRNA and tax/rex mRNA in uncultured and cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from eight patients with adult T cell leukaemia by using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction coupled to reverse transcription. The results demonstrated that the expression of p21X mRNA occurs constitutively in all uncultured and cultured PBMCs, whereas the expression of tax/rex mRNA is inducible in the cultured PBMCs, as described previously. In uncultured and cultured PBMCs from the one specimen in which p21X mRNA was highly expressed, the p21X protein was detectable by Western blotting. On the other hand, p27rex protein was detectable only after cultivation. These findings indicate that p21X mRNA is constitutively expressed in vivo and is responsible for production of p21X protein.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

An autopsy case of invasive pituitary adenoma (prolactinoma) with rapid fatal clinical course due to streptococcal meningitis.

A 44-year-old male suffered epistaxis and headache of sudden onset and was diagnosed as having suppurative meningitis due to streptococci. Four days after the onset of symptoms, he died despite treatment with antibiotics. Destruction and ballooning of the sella turcica was revealed by a plain head X-ray examination during the clinical course. At autopsy, a massive tumorous lesion extended from the ballooned sella turcica to the paranasal cavities, nasopharynx and facial bone, and this had resulted in suppurative meningitis. The tumor was also disseminated to the basal skull. The tumor cells possessed prominent nuclear atypia and were immunohistochemically positive for prolactin. This was diagnosed as a case of pituitary adenoma with markedly invasive pathological findings and a rapid and fatal clinical course.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1992

Identification of membrane antigen C33 recognized by monoclonal antibodies inhibitory to human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-induced syncytium formation: altered glycosylation of C33 antigen in HTLV-1-positive T cells.

We isolated four monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), M38, M101, M104, and C33, which were capable of inhibiting syncytium formation induced in a human T-cell line, MOLT-4-#8, by coculture with human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-positive human T-cell lines. The MAbs had, however, no inhibitory activity on syncytium formation induced in a human osteosarcoma line, HOS, by HTLV-1-positive T-cell lines. They also did not inhibit syncytium formation induced in MOLT-4-#8 by human immunodeficiency virus type 1-positive MOLT-4. All MAbs reacted with various human cell lines of lymphoid and nonlymphoid origins, including HTLV-1-positive T-cell lines. Furthermore, they all reacted with a murine A9 clone containing human chromosome 11 fragment q23-pter. Two MAbs, M104 and C33, immunoprecipitated a membrane antigen with the same molecular size. The antigen (henceforth called C33 antigen) was about 40 to 55 kDa in HTLV-1-negative Jurkat, CEM, MOLT-4, and normal peripheral blood CD4-positive human T cells and about 40 to 75 kDa in HTLV-1-positive C91/PL, TCL-Kan, MT-2, and in fresh HTLV-1-transformed CD4-positive human T-cell lines. Pulse-chase experiments revealed that C33 antigen was synthesized as a 35-kDa precursor that was then processed to 41 to 50 kDa in MOLT-4 and to 44 to 70 kDa in C91/PL. In the presence of tunicamycin, a 28-kDa protein was synthesized. The conversion from 35 kDa to 41 to 50 kDa in MOLT-4 and to 44 to 70 kDa in C91/PL was inhibited by monensin. Treatment with N-glycanase alone, but not with sialidase and O-glycanase in combination, completely removed the sugar moiety of C33 antigen from both HTLV-1-negative Jurkat and HTLV-1-positive C91/PL. Therefore, C33 antigen has only N-linked carbohydrates, the modification of which appears to be substantially altered in the presence of the HTLV-1 genome.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗