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Biomedical subjects

S Takagi

Publications and source records attributed to S Takagi.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources

Effect of ginseng radix on GLUT2 protein content in mouse liver in normal and epinephrine-induced hyperglycemic mice.

The oral administration of the water extract of Ginseng Radix (GR) to normal and epinephrine-induced hyperglycemic mice caused a significant decrease in the blood glucose level 4 h after its administration. The hepatic content of facilitative glucose transporter isoform 2, liver type glucose transporter (GLUT2) protein content from mouse liver significantly increased in the orally GR-treated normal and epinephrine-induced hyperglycemic mice compared to that in the controls. These results suggest that the hypoglycemic activity of GR is presumably due, at least in part, to the increment of GLUT2 protein content.

Animals↗

Structural elucidation of N-liked sugar chains of storage glycoproteins in mature pea (Pisum sativum) seeds by ion-spray tandem mass spectrometry (IS-MS/MS).

The structures of N-linked sugar chains of the storage glycoproteins in mature pea seeds have been estimated. Nine pyridylaminated (PA-) N-linked sugar chains were derived and purified from the hydrazinolysate of the storage glycoproteins by reversed-phase HPLC and size-fractionation HPLC. The structures of the PA-sugar chains purified were first identified by two-dimensional PA-sugar chain mapping, considering the data of sugar composition analysis or sequential exoglycosidase digestions. The deduced structures were further analyzed by IS-MS/MS analysis. Every relevant fragment ion derived from all PA-sugar chains could be assigned on the basis of deduced structures. The estimated nine structures fell into two categories; the first was a typical oligomannose type (Man8-3GlcNAc2; 77.7%) which can be hydrolyzed by endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase PS [Y. Kimura et al., Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 60, 228-232 (1996)], the second was a xylose-containing type (Man4-3Xyl1GlcNAc2, Man3Fuc1Xyl1GlcNAc2; 22.3%). Among these structures, Man8GlcNAc2 (19.7%), Man6GlcNAc2 (24.7%), and Man3Fuc1Xyl1GlcNAc2 (18.8%) were the dominant structures.

Carbohydrate Sequence↗

Purification and substrate specificity of an endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase from pea (Pisum sativum) seeds.

An endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase was purified to homogeneity from the seeds of pea (Pisum sativum). The molecular mass of the purified enzyme was estimated to be 41,669 Da by MALDI-TOF MS analysis and its isoelectric point to be 4.3 by isoelectric focusing. The enzyme was stable at pH 4-7 and at 25-50 degrees C, and had the highest activity toward Man6GlcNAc2-PA at pH around 7.0. Oligomannose type sugar chains (Man9-6GlcNAc2-PA) and a hybrid type sugar chain (GlcNAc1Man5GlcNAc2-PA) were most favored substrates followed by Man5GlcNAc2-PA, Man3GlcNAc2-PA, and GlcNAc2Man3GlcNAc2-PA, but xylose-containing sugar chains (Man4-3Xyl1GlcNAc2-PA and Man3Fuc1Xyl1GlcNAc2-PA) or a biantennary complex type sugar chain (Gal2GlcNAc2Man3GlcNAc2-PA) could not be hydrolyzed by the enzyme. The Km values of the enzyme for Man5GlcNAc2-PA, Man6GlcNAc2-PA, and Man9GlcNAc2-PA were 0.40 mM, 0.25 mM, and 0.32 mM, respectively.

Base Sequence↗

Elevation of serum G-CSF level in horses with transportation-induced fever.

Levels of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) in the blood of horses were measured before and after a long-distance transportation to clarify the pathogenesis of transportation-induced fever. The serum G-CSF level was measured by its ability to stimulate growth in a mouse myeloblastic cell line, NFS-60. Of 26 horses transported for a long distance, 9 had fever more than 39.0 degrees C during or after transportation. After transportation, the serum G-CSF level significantly increased in horses with transportation-induced fever but not in those without fever, and the serum G-CSF level correlated positively with the peak body temperature and with an increase in peripheral white blood cell count. These data indicate that microbial infection, which is closely related to the elevation of the serum G-CSF levels, is the causative factor of transportation-induced fever.

Animals↗

The role of magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis and monitoring of myelodysplastic syndromes or leukemia.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can provide valuable information about regions of the bone marrow which are inaccessible to biopsy. MRI also is unique in characterizing normal and abnormal bone marrow because of its ability to distinguish fat from other tissues. In patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) or leukemia, marrow MRI is an important tool for accurate diagnosis and monitoring and may function as an adjunct to bone marrow aspiration and biopsy. In clinical practice, defining the anatomic distribution and extent of marrow involvement by MRI is of advantage in the management of patients with MDS or leukemia.

Bone Marrow↗

[A clinical study of radial prostatectomy].

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of radical prostatectomy for patients with organ-confined prostate cancer. METHODS: From 1990 to 1994, a total of 50 patients with prostate cancer underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy. RESULTS: Eleven patients were in state A2, 34 in stage B and 5 in stage C according to clinical stage. Extended disease was observed pathologically in 45%, and 59% of patients in clinical stages A2 and B, respectively. Preoperative serum PSA levels were closely correlated with pathological extension of the disease. The disease-free rates for organ-confined disease, extended disease without lymph node metastasis and stage D1 disease were 75% (3 years), 82% (2 years) and 80% (3 years), respectively. Four patients had rectal injuries, and three of these underwent temporary colostomy diversion. Two patients had bladder neck contracture and received internal urethrotomy. Urinary incontinence improved in 60% of patients during the first 6 post-operative and in 90% of patients within 12 post-operative months. Urinary incontinence tended to improve earlier in patients with nerve-sparing than those without it. The erectile capacity in nerve sparing patients recovered good. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that radical prostatectomy is a safe and temporarily satisfactory treatment for the patient with organ-confined prostate cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗

[Retrospective analysis on 21 patients with follicular lymphoma].

We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of the 21 patients with follicular lymphoma admitted to our institution from 1977 to 1994. The frequency of follicular lymphoma was 9.1% in the 231 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Overall survival rates at 1 year, 3 years, and 5 years were 90.2%, 78.2%, and 52.1%, respectively. The median follow-up of surviving patients and time to treatment failure (TTF) was 43 months and 30 months, respectively. The median time from disease progression to death was 171 days. In univariate analysis, factors associated with poor survival were stage IV (Ann Arbor staging system), anemia (hemoglobin level less than 10g/dl), bone marrow involvement, two or more extranodal sites, and failure in induction of complete remission (CR) in the entire course. Factors associated with short TTF were anemia, bone marrow involvement, and failure in induction of CR. In multivariate analysis, induction of CR affected survival and TTF independently.

Adult↗

[Cancer detection with whole-body FDG PET images without attenuation correction].

Whole-body positron emission tomography (PET) using 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) has been applied successfully for the detection of cancer. In PET studies, transmission scans for attenuation correction are usually performed. In whole-body PET studies, however, the transmission scans lengthen the acquisition time and are not practical for routine clinical use. Thirty-two patients underwent whole-body PET studies with transmission scans. A total of 106 lesions were true positive on corrected images. At the same time that the corrected images were being reconstructed, uncorrected images were also reconstructed and visually inspected. In a patient with a large breast cancer (11 cm in diameter), the parasternal metastatic lymph node was not identified on the uncorrected image because of image artifacts produced by high FDG accumulation in the breast cancer. In a patient with recurrent colonic cancer, paraaortic metastatic lymph nodes were not well visualized because of attenuation effects. However, 104 out of 106 (98.1%) lesions were recognizable on uncorrected images as well as corrected images. This suggests that uncorrected images can be used for the detection of cancers.

Adult↗

[A research on the importance of the clinical certificate to the medical practitioners outside the field of psychiatry. Committee on graduate education sub-committee on Feasibility of Implementing Specialty Board Certification in the Japanese Society of Psychiatry and Neurology].

OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: The main objectives of the research was to identify the merits and demerits of the specialty board certification system, that had been implemented in the other medical societies than the society of psychiatry in Japan. As a measure of the research, we conducted a survey by distributing questionnaires to medical institutions. The subjects of this survey included medical practitioners, other than the psychiatrists, who belong to general hospital, university hospital and the Japan Medical Association. FINDINGS: We received 228 responses out of the subjects. The findings were that 86% of the subjects have acquired the specialty board certificate, and that half of them have more than two kinds of qualifications on the average. Thus, the report suggests that the specialty board certification system have been long pervaded throughout the medical fields outside psychiatry. In addition, the subjects pointed out as the merits of the specialty board certification system that it helps to achieve the higher level of technique, and to organize and sophisticate as well as widen the knowledge of their specialty. They also reported that it contributes to instigate the life-long education and to earn identification and recognition of their specialty from other fields of medicine than their own. Fifty-three percent of the subjects acknowledged the necessity of the specialty board certification system while 13% regarded it unnecessary. This result proves that, despite higher percentage of the doctors with qualifications, the system itself is not approved of with full acknowledgement in the medical world. This rather negative attitudes toward the system is originated in the fact that acquiring and maintaining the certificate, i.e., renewal fees, are considerably high. In fact, as many as 62% of the subjects felt these points as disadvantages of the system. The medical practitioners outside the fields of psychiatry did not show any particular concern about the lack of the specialty board certification system in our field that is distinct as a field of medicine. Only 18% of the subjects expressed that urgent actualization of the system is desirable in our fields. In addition, securing the cites required for learning the technique and giving the exam to the applicants is the most important matter to be concerned. On the contrary, in other fields of medicine, the matter does not need to be discussed. Therefore, this is a problem unique to the fields of psychiatry. CONCLUSION: Although there are disadvantage of the specialty board certification system pointed out as shown above, we believe that it is necessary to introduce the system in the field of psychiatry. These disadvantage are mainly the matter of individual income. We need to consider the introduction of the system from the perspective of sophisticating the quality of psychiatry as a field of medicine in our country. We, the Subcommittee on feasibility of implementing specialty board certification in the Japanese Society of Psychiatry and Neurology have been contemplating over the system up to this moment. The progress has been made to the point of presenting, Discussion of the Specialty Board Certification System in Psychiatry, Yamauchi, May, 1994.

Certification↗

[MR relaxation times in diffuse bone marrow disorders: evaluation of their clinical usefulness in differentiation between leukemia and anemia].

T1 and T2 relaxation time measurements of the femoral marrow were performed in 20 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and 9 patients with iron deficiency or other severe anemia who had shown diffuse abnormal signals on MR imaging of the femoral marrow. The ability of T1 and T2 values to differentiate between leukemic infiltration and hyperplastic hematopoietic marrow was evaluated. T1 and T2 ratios (T1 abnormal marrow/T1 normal marrow and T2 abnormal/T2 normal) were calculated, and the ratios of T1 to T2 (T1/T2) and of the T1 ratio to the T2 ratio (T1 ratio/T2 ratio) were also analyzed. Diffuse infiltrative marrows revealed prolonged T1 relaxation times in all patients with AML and other severe anemia, and it was not possible to distinguish the two groups of diseases on the basis of T1 values. The T2 relaxation times varied widely in AML, but the mean T2 value of the AML group was not statistically significantly different from that of the anemia group. There were also no significant differences in the T1 ratio, T2 ratio, T1/T2, and the T1 ratio/T2 ratio between leukemic infiltration and hyperplastic hematopoietic marrow. We concluded that measurement of T1 and T2 relaxation times was of limited clinical importance for the histological characterization of diffuse bone marrow disorders.

Adult↗

Increased expression of the high-affinity receptor for IgG (FcRI, CD64) on neutrophils in multiple myeloma.

The surface expression of effector cell molecules on neutrophils was examined in 19 patients with multiple myeloma (MM), 6 patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and 22 healthy control subjects. The expression of Fc receptors for IgG (FcR), complement receptors (CR), and cellular adhesion molecules on neutrophils was determined by flow cytometry and monoclonal antibodies. MM neutrophils exhibited higher expression of FcRI, CR3, and CR4 and lower expression of FcRII and L-selectin than that in MGUS and controls. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF, 50 micrograms/m2/d) was administered subcutaneously to 8 patients with MM and to 4 healthy volunteers. G-CSF administration increased the expression of FcRI, FcRII, and CR1 on neutrophils and decreased the expression of FcRIII on neutrophils in both groups. The application of G-CSF also resulted in increase of CR3 and CR4 expression and in decrease of L-selectin expression on neutrophils in healthy volunteers but not in MM patients. These findings suggest that MM neutrophils may be activate in vivo and that effector cell molecular expression on MM neutrophils is further modulated by G-CSF application.

Adult↗

[Cancer screening with whole-body FDG PET].

We are using whole-body positron emission tomography (PET) for cancer screening. A total of 1,105 healthy subjects have undergone PET studies 1,138 times in fifteen months. Emission scans were performed from the pelvis to the maxilla 45 to 60 minutes after intravenous administration of 260 to 370 MBq 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose (FDG). Malignant tumors were detected with PET in nine patients (0.81%): 2 lung cancers, 2 colonic cancers, 1 breast cancer, 1 thyroid cancer, 1 gastric cancer, 1 renal cancer, and 1 lymphoma. Eight of these patients underwent surgery (excepting the lymphoma patient). Lymph node metastasis was not observed in any of the eight cases and surgery was curative. PET scan results were negative in the cases of three prostatic cancers, one bladder cancer, and two colonic mucosal cancers. High FDG accumulations were noticed in benign lesions such as sarcoidosis, chronic thyroiditis, pulmonary tuberculoma, Warthin's tumor of the parotid gland, and chronic sinusitis. In some cases, image artifacts caused by intense myocardial FDG accumulations resulted in incomplete examinations of the lung. Occasionally, high FDG accumulations were observed in the bowel. Our study results suggest the possibility of using whole-body PET for detecting wide varieties of cancers in resectable stages.

Adult↗

Establishment of gastric Helicobacter pylori infection in Mongolian gerbils.

An animal model of Helicobacter pylori infection was obtained with Mongolian gerbils. Culture broth of H. pylori ATCC 43504 was orally administered to the gerbils. Animals were killed 1, 7, 14, 21, and 42 days after the oral inoculation and the stomachs were excised. Colonization of H. pylori was maintained in the stomachs of all animals throughout the study period of up to 42 days. On microscopic examination after immunological and hematoxylin and eosin staining, the organisms were detected in the mucus layer of the gastric epithelium. All gerbils exhibited a slowly progressive but typical gastritis, showing superficial erosion with increasing numbers of infiltrating neutrophils and mononuclear cells. Forty-two days after the inoculation, lymph follicles were detected in the gastric submucosa. These features are similar to the manifestations of H. pylori infection in humans and, accordingly, this model could be of value for studying H. pylori pathogenicity and for research into agents for the treatment of H. pylori infection in humans.

Animals↗

[MR imaging of the femoral marrow in adult acute leukemia: correlation of MRI patterns with FAB subtype and prognosis].

MR imaging of the femoral marrow was performed in 36 patients with untreated acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and 7 patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). The MRI appearance was classified into five patterns: 1) fatty marrow; 2) faint signal; 3) nodular pattern; 4) heterogeneous infiltration; and 5) diffuse infiltration. The MRI patterns of the femoral marrow were compared among the FAB subtypes of acute leukemia, and the MRI patterns were correlated with prognosis. All five MRI patterns were observed in the femoral marrow in adult acute leukemia, and diffuse infiltration was most commonly seen (41.9%). A completely fatty marrow was also depicted in two cases (4.7%) and faint signal in four cases (9.3%) in spite of untreated acute leukemia. The M2 subtype of AML tended to be demonstrated as a minimally abnormal MRI finding, which was significantly different from the other types of AML. The patients who showed fatty marrow or faint signal were thought to have a good prognosis, while diffuse or heterogeneous infiltration was regarded as a poor prognostic sign. However, there were some exceptions to these rules, and no significant differences were revealed in prognosis between minimally abnormal and advanced MRI patterns. We concluded that MRI of the femoral marrow could be useful in the assessment of tumor volume of adult acute leukemia, and that there were limitations to predicting prognosis on the basis of the MRI manifestations.

Acute Disease↗

Magnetic resonance imaging of femoral marrow in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes or leukemia.

We evaluated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of femoral marrow in 85 untreated adult patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) (N = 27), aplastic anemia (N = 9), and leukemia (N = 49). Images of femoral marrow were obtained using a T1-weighted spin-echo (SE) method and a short T1 inversion recovery (STIR) technique. In patients with MDS, the change in MRI pattern from a fatty or nodular pattern to a uniform pattern correlated with disease progression. Evolution to acute leukemia in MDS patients was associated with a higher signal intensity on STIR images (lower signal intensity on T1-weighted SE images) and an extended area of involvement. The femoral marrow in patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) showed increased signal and varied patterns (scattered to uniform) on STIR images. However, the faint pattern (grade 4a) was characteristic of M2 AML. In patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in the chronic phase, increased leukemic mass was represented by replacement of the femoral marrow with a region of abnormal signal intensity. The extent of involved areas in these CML patients correlated with the spleen size. This study indicates that MRI of femoral marrow is an important tool for the accurate diagnosis and management of patients with MDS and leukemia that may function as an adjunct to bone marrow aspiration and biopsy.

Adipose Tissue↗