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Biomedical subjects

S T Murphy

Publications and source records attributed to S T Murphy.

30 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Heterocyst-forming filamentous cyanobacteria encode proteins that resemble eukaryotic RNA-binding proteins of the RNP family.

Heterocyst-forming cyanobacteria have multiple genes encoding proteins that are similar to the RNP family of eukaryotic RNA-binding proteins. Three genes from two strains of cyanobacteria (Anabaena and Chlorogloeopsis) have been sequenced. All three putative gene products contain a single RNA Recognition Motif (RRM) that includes the highly conserved RNP1 and RNP2 regions and all three have an auxiliary motif consisting either of a short glycine-rich carboxy-terminal tail or a carboxy-terminal tail rich in both asparagine and glycine. RNA-binding protein genes are abundant in heterocyst-forming filamentous cyanobacteria but are not abundant in non-heterocyst-forming filamentous or unicellular cyanobacteria suggesting that the cyanobacterial proteins may play a role in gene expression during heterocyst differentiation. The cyanobacterial gene products share a significant degree of similarity with the RNP family of RNA-binding proteins which includes snRNP proteins, hnRNP proteins, nucleolins, as well as some regulatory proteins and some plant chloroplast proteins. Although the exact function of the cyanobacterial gene products is not yet known, their similarity to eukaryotic proteins suggests that they may play a role in RNA processing and metabolism. Finally, the presence of these genes in cyanobacteria has implications for the evolution of RNA binding proteins and RNA processing.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Cloning and nucleotide sequence of the gene for dinitrogenase reductase (nifH) from the heterocyst-forming cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. L31.

The nucleotide sequence of an 1655 base pair segment from Anabaena sp. L31 containing the 3' half of the nifU gene, the complete sequence of the nifH gene and the 5' end of the nifD gene is presented. nifH is very highly conserved with the same gene from Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 (91% identical at the nucleotide level; 94% identical at the amino acid level) as are nifU and nifD. The intergenic regions are less well conserved.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Affect, cognition, and awareness: affective priming with optimal and suboptimal stimulus exposures.

The affective primacy hypothesis (R. B. Zajonc, 1980) asserts that positive and negative affective reactions can be evoked with minimal stimulus input and virtually no cognitive processing. The present work tested this hypothesis by comparing the effects of affective and cognitive priming under extremely brief (suboptimal) and longer (optimal) exposure durations. At suboptimal exposures only affective primes produced significant shifts in Ss' judgments of novel stimuli. These results suggest that when affect is elicited outside of conscious awareness, it is diffuse and nonspecific, and its origin and address are not accessible. Having minimal cognitive participation, such gross and nonspecific affective reactions can therefore be diffused or displaced onto unrelated stimuli. At optimal exposures this pattern of results was reversed such that only cognitive primes produced significant shifts in judgments. Together, these results support the affective primacy hypothesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Self-monitoring and age.

Two adult samples were surveyed to investigate the relation between individuals' levels of self-monitoring and age. A negative relation was predicted as older individuals were seen as most likely to exhibit the low self-monitoring tendency of behaving in accordance with one's own attitudes and feelings, whereas younger individuals appeared most likely to exhibit the high self-monitoring tendency of behaving according to social cues. A significant negative correlation between age and self-monitoring was found in both samples. The self-monitoring construct is discussed in relation to other social-cognitive life-span differences and to the idea of critical periods throughout the life span.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Results of screw/wire/polymethylmethacrylate composite fixation for acetabular fracture repair in 14 dogs.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinical results in dogs with acetabular fractures stabilized using a screw-wire-polymethylmethacrylate (SWP) composite fixation. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study of client-owned dogs with acetabular fractures. ANIMALS: Fourteen dogs ranging in age from 4 to 95 months (mean, 34 +/- 25 months; median, 25 months) and body weight from 8 to 39 kg (mean, 25 +/- 6 kg; median, 27 kg). METHODS: Medical records and radiographs were retrospectively evaluated to determine location of the fracture, presence of preexisting degenerative joint disease, accuracy of fracture reduction and complications associated with surgery. Long-term results were evaluated by subjective assessment of lameness, elicitation of pain and/or crepitus on manipulation of the coxofemoral joint, measurements of pelvic limb circumference, coxofemoral joint goniometric measurements, and radiographic evaluation. RESULTS: Fracture reduction was considered anatomic in 13 dogs. At the time of the last follow-up evaluation (mean, 347 +/- 261 days; median, 380 days) 10 dogs were sound on the affected limb, three dogs had a subtle weight-bearing lameness of the affected limb, and the remaining dog had a consistent non-weight-bearing lameness of the affected limb. Mild (n = 10) or moderate (n = 1) degenerative changes of the affected coxofemoral joint attributed to the acetabular fracture and its repair were noted on the follow-up radiographs in 11 dogs. Limb circumference of the affected limb ranged from -8.2% to +10.8% (mean, -0.8 +/- 4.2%; median, -0.7%) of the contralateral limb. CONCLUSIONS: The SWP composite fixation consistently maintained anatomic reduction, was associated with few complications, and yielded satisfactory clinical results. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The SWP composite fixation technique would seem to be an acceptable means of stabilizing acetabular fractures in dogs.

Acetabulum↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The New Stories/New Cultures after-school enrichment program: a direct cultural intervention.

This article describes the organization, curriculum, and outcomes for New Stories/New Cultures, an activity-based program for after-school enrichment in five schools in the low-income neighborhood near a major American university. The program encourages students (70% Hispanic-American, 30% African-American) to experience themselves as producers of culture, not just as consumers. Its methods include (a) creative team use of video equipment and other expressive media and (b) lessons about media literacy (i.e., making critical choices about images and activities depicted in popular culture and commercials). Outcome measures with the cohort of fifth and sixth graders support the programs occupation-based philosophy. They show that students are more likely to experience themselves as building skills when engaged in activities that are both challenging and enjoyable. The students reported greatest engagement and enjoyment in activities that were creative, team-based, and involving media production. These same activities were correlated with increased self-esteem. The term direct cultural intervention is used to describe the application of occupational principles and critical perspectives to provide a population with conceptual tools and skills for interpreting and successfully navigating the social world.

Black or African American↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Electrocardiographic findings in dogs with motor vehicle-related trauma.

Motor vehicle-related injury is the most common form of trauma incurred by dogs, and cardiac arrhythmias are a well-recognized complication. Although posttraumatic arrhythmias are often observed, little is known regarding their frequency. This study utilized continuous ambulatory electrocardiography (i.e., Holter monitoring) to describe the cardiac rhythm disturbances in 30 dogs sustaining trauma in motor vehicle accidents. Ventricular ectopy was identified by Holter monitoring in 29 of 30 dogs, although the initial electrocardiogram (EKG) only documented ventricular ectopic complexes (VECs) in four dogs. Ventricular ectopy was infrequent in most dogs (i.e., 62% of the dogs had less than 100 VECs per day for the entire study), but 16% developed frequent arrhythmias (greater than 4,000 VECs per day). In all cases, the VECs were observed within 24 hours of injury. Forty-three percent of dogs had at least one episode of ventricular tachycardia, including several dogs that had an overall infrequent rate of VECs (i.e., less than 100 or 100 to 1,000 VECs per day). Although baseline EKGs are useful in identifying arrhythmias in most dogs, the length of the recording should be increased to improve the likelihood of observing an abnormal EKG event. Most importantly, additional EKGs should be obtained or continuous EKG monitoring should be performed in dogs that display clinical signs that could be attributed to ventricular arrhythmias.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A comparison of the Ameroid constrictor versus ligation in the surgical management of single extrahepatic portosystemic shunts.

Twenty-two dogs were managed surgically for a single extrahepatic portosystemic shunt; 12 with surgical ligation and 10 with an Ameroid constrictor. Utilization of the Ameroid constrictor significantly decreased surgery time to approximately half that of the ligation technique. A decreased intraoperative and postoperative complication rate was noted with the Ameroid constrictor group. Follow-up evaluation demonstrated comparable efficacy when comparing surgical techniques. The Ameroid constrictor offered a surgical occlusion technique for management of a single extra-hepatic portosystemic shunt that was equally effective to ligation while shortening surgical time and minimizing the risks that are commonly associated with ligation of the shunting vessel.

Animals↗