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S T Fry

Publications and source records attributed to S T Fry.

53 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
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Ethical issues in total parenteral nutrition.

Although a number of ethical issues have been identified with TPN use, the most pressing issues are equitable access to the technology; potential injustices toward other members of society because of the cost of the technology; quality of life issues, including prolongation of life; and decision making for TPN use. Empirical data on the factors that influence access to the technology and on the current utilization of TPN in elderly populations are needed to assess the issue of equitable access to the technology. In addition, the effects of the technology's cost on access need to be evaluated carefully. The decision-making process in the use of TPN and the relation of quality-of-life judgments to such decisions need further study and evaluation. In addition, factors that influence the decision to withdraw TPN also need to be identified and studied. Adequate ethical assessment of any technology relies in part, on empirical studies in the field, the sophistication of the ethical literature, and the careful delineation of the conceptual and methodologic issues associated with a particular technology's use. To the extent that these aspects can be addressed in the use of TPN, there is reason to believe that an adequate ethical assessment of the technology will be made, but such an assessment is not yet available.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗
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Ethical conflicts experienced by certified pediatric nurse practitioners in ambulatory settings.

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this descriptive study was to (a) identify the types of ethical conflicts and their resolutions reported by a group of certified pediatric nurse practitioners (CPNPs) in their ambulatory practice and (b) to examine demographic, educational, and practice-setting factors associated with these conflicts. METHOD: Five hundred fifty-nine CPNPs, identified by the National Association of Pediatric Nurse Associates and Practitioners, received survey questionnaires in the mail and were asked to participate by describing an ethical conflict in their practice. Questionnaires were completed by 118 CPNPs. Each ethical conflict was analyzed according to a four content analysis classification system to capture multiple relevant meanings. The relationship between types of ethical conflicts and demographic, educational, and practice-setting variables was examined. RESULTS: One third (34%) of the perceived ethical conflicts fell in the child/parent/practitioner relationship category. Most conflicts (31%) were experienced as a moral dilemma where 2 or more clear moral principles apply but they support mutually inconsistent courses of action. Most ethical conflicts (22%) were unresolved. DISCUSSION: Understanding the nature of ethical conflicts that CPNPs are experiencing in ambulatory settings is important. Professional and institutions/agencies need to collaborate on how to initiate appropriate ethics education and consultation for professional staff to recognize, discuss, and resolve ethical conflicts in the workplace.

Adult↗