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Biomedical subjects

S Subramanian

Publications and source records attributed to S Subramanian.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Automated anesthesia surgery medical record system.

Manual recording of physiological data in patients receiving anesthesia or intensive care infrequently meets medical requirements or legal documentation standards. Automated recording allows the generation of reliable data that can be integrated into the patient's medical record. Such a system is beginning to function at University Hospital at Stony Brook, New York. Bedside medical devices (pulse oximeters, non-invasive blood pressure monitors, capnographs, infusion pumps and physiological monitors) from 18 operating rooms and 16 beds in the Anesthesia Intensive Care Unit are connected to a baseband Ethernet system. Data from the above devices are stored in a MicroVAX computer system. Data compression and interpretation, computation of derived values, statistical analysis of data from two related parameters are done by the bedside graphical microcomputer workstation. The MicroVAX computer and the workstation are also connected to the Ethernet system. The overall architecture of the automatic record system conforms to emerging standards for information exchange between bedside monitors and computer systems. Health care recipients and providers are likely to reap the benefits.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1990

Kinetics of peripheral blood leucocyte counts in patients following thermal injuries.

Total and differential white cell counts (WCC) were done in 50 patients with burns involving 10% to 40% of the total body surface area (TBSA) and in 32 age and sex matched controls. Polymorphonuclear cell counts were low from 1st to 30th post burn (PB) days, lymphocyte counts were normal throughout the PB period whereas eosinophil counts were high from 1st to 60th PB days. Total leucocyte counts were significantly lower than controls from 8th to 60th PB days.

Burns↗
PubMed1990

A mathematical analysis of various factors involved in transmission of bancroftian filariasis in Pondicherry.

The variation of clumping factor in microfilaraemia among different age groups was observed in Pondicherry for 1981 and 1986. The clumping factor was minimum in the age group 0-5 yr and it was maximum in 16-20 yr group in 1981 and 21-25 yr in 1986. The variation in clumping factor resembled the changes in microfilaria (mf) rate. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the multiple correlation between mf rate and the other parameters i.e., median microfilarial density (MFD50), clumping factor in human population, and, infection rate and infectivity rate in vector population was highly significant. The relationship between filariometric indices in human host and vector population may provide the basis on which a mathematical model on transmission of filariasis could be developed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Estimation of fecundic life span of Wuchereria bancrofti from longitudinal study of human infection in an endemic area of Pondicherry (south India).

The fecundic life span of adult female W. bancrofti was estimated by longitudinal study of microfilaraemia in a cohort of population (7,525) in Pondicherry. The estimation was based on a deterministic model, using the rate of loss in infection. The life span of the parasite was 10.2 yr without chemotherapy, while it was reduced to 5.3 yr following diethyl-carbamazine therapy. The analysis of mean microfilarial counts in microfilaraemic persons without chemotherapy indicates that the rate of production of microfilaria by the adult female is stable at least for a period of five years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Bancroftian filariasis in Pondicherry, south India: 1. Pre-control epidemiological observations.

A 5-year Integrated Vector Management (IVM) project was implemented in Pondicherry, South India, for the control of Bancroftian filariasis. The efficacy of the IVM strategy was compared with routine control strategy under the national programme. The present paper describes the pre-control epidemiological features of filariasis as determined by a mass blood survey in 1981. Of 24946 persons examined 8.41% were microfilaraemic. Microfilaraemia prevalence was homogeneous throughout the study area. The prevalence and intensity of microfilaraemia were age dependent, and increased monotonically until about 20 years, following which there was a decline until about 40 years to become relatively stable in older age classes. The gender profiles of both prevalence and intensity of microfilaraemia showed no difference between the sexes until about 15 years of age, following which both were higher in males compared to females. The distribution of microfilarial counts was overdispersed, indicating aggregation of adult worms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Bancroftian filariasis in Pondicherry, south India: 2. Epidemiological evaluation of the effect of vector control.

This article examines the evaluation of a bancroftian filariasis control programme undertaken in Pondicherry from 1981-5. Integrated vector management was applied in one half of the town, and routine operations under the national programme (larviciding and chemotherapy) continued in the comparison area. The programme was evaluated by monitoring relative change in the epidemiological statistics of both populations. The results indicate that there was significant reduction in prevalence of microfilaraemia in juveniles in the controlled area. An apparent reduction in intensity of microfilaraemia was also observed but this was a consequence of the reduction in prevalence, since the density of microfilariae remained unchanged. The results suggest that primary constraints on the epidemiological evaluation of the vector control of filarasis are the longevity and the population characteristics of the parasite.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Serum and tissue positivity for hepatitis B virus markers in histopathologically proven glomerulonephropathies.

To assess the pathogenic significance of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in glomerulonephritis (GN), 98 patients with histopathologically proven glomerulonephropathies were screened for HBV markers, complement components and levels of circulating immune complexes (CICs); and renal biopsies from 31 of them were examined for the presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), and its location, by immunoperoxidase staining. The HBsAg positive rate in the patients (who came from a population with 10% HBsAg positivity) ranged from 51.9% in minimum change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) to 81.8% in patients with proliferative glomerulonephritis (PGN). Whereas 24.5% of the cases were positive for HBsAg only, 10.2% had anti-HBcIgM with HBsAg, 13.3% had HBeAg with HBsAg and 9.2% had HBsAg, HBeAg and anti-HBcIgM. Complement component C3 levels were decreased in all groups of GN studied, but C4 levels varied. CIC levels were significantly increased (p less than 0.01) only in HBsAg-positive MCNS, focal glomerulosclerosis (FGS) and membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN). Of the 31 renal biopsies examined for the deposition of HBsAg, 4 (12.9%) were found to be positive for HBsAg in situ; 64.5% of biopsied patients were seropositive for HBsAg and 77.4% had CICs. All the four in-situ HBsAg-positive cases were seropositive for HBsAg, HBeAg and anti-HBcIgM with significantly high CIC levels (p less than 0.01). HBsAg deposition was intracytoplasmic in the mesangial cells of the glomeruli, in the glomerular basement membrane or in the tubules, or in a combination of these sites.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1989

Studies on mycotic keratitis.

One hundred and fifty cases of corneal ulcers from the Government Ophthalmic Hospital, Madras, were investigated during 1980-1982 for the mycoflora. 68 cases (45%) were positive for fungi, comprising species of Aspergillus (36 cases), Penicillium, Fusarium (8 cases each), Curvularia (4 cases), Candida albicans and Mucor (3 cases each), Drechslera (2 cases) and Cladosporium, Cephalosporium, Pullularia, and Allescheria boydii (1 case each). Incidence of these fungi in mycotic keratitis is correlated with factors such as age, sex and occupation of the patients and is discussed in detail.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Functional dissection of adenovirus VAI RNA.

During the course of adenovirus infection, the VAI RNA protects the translation apparatus of host cells by preventing the activation of host double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase, which phosphorylates and thereby inactivates the protein synthesis initiation factor eIF-2. In the absence of VAI RNA, protein synthesis is drastically inhibited at late times in infected cells. The experimentally derived secondary structure of VAI RNA consists of two extended base-paired regions, stems I and III, which are joined by a short base-paired region, stem II, at the center. Stems I and II are joined by a small loop, A, and stem III contains a hairpin loop, B. At the center of the molecule and at the 3' side, stems II and III are connected by a short stem-loop (stem IV and hairpin loop C). A fourth, minor loop, D, exists between stems II and IV. To determine sequences and domains critical for function within this VAI RNA structure, we have constructed adenovirus mutants with linker-scan substitution mutations in defined regions of the molecule. Cells infected with these mutants were analyzed for polypeptide synthesis, virus yield, and eIF-2 alpha kinase activity. Our results showed that disruption of base-paired regions in the distal parts of the longest stems, I and III, did not affect function, whereas mutations causing structural perturbations in the central part of the molecule containing stem II, the proximal part of stem III, and the central short stem-loop led to loss of function. Surprisingly, one substitution mutant, sub742, although dramatically perturbing the integrity of the structure of this central portion, showed a wild-type phenotype, suggesting that an RNA with an alternate secondary structure is functional. On the basis of sensitivity to single-strand-specific RNases, we can derive a novel secondary structure for the mutant RNA in which a portion of the sequences may fold to form a structure that resembles the central part of the wild-type molecule, which suggests that only the short stem-loop located in the center of the molecule and the adjoining base-paired regions may define the functional domain. These results also imply that only a portion of the VAI RNA structure may be recognized by the host factor(s).

Adenoviruses, Human↗
PubMed1989

A simple method to quantitate circulating immune complexes in different diseases.

Immune Complexes are involved in the Pathogenesis of many diseases of varied aetiology such as autoimmune disorders, protozoal diseases, bacterial and viral infections. Quantitation of immune Complexes in these diseases can be used for diagnosis and to ascertain the prognosis. The simple method of precipitation by polyethylene glycol and quantitation by single Radial Immunodiffusion has been used in leprosy, syphilis, bacterial endocarditis and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This method found significantly higher levels of circulating immune complexes (CICs) in erythema nodosum leprosum, culture positive bacterial endocarditis and SLE where CICs are known to play an important role in the pathogenesis.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1989

Differential diagnosis of viral hepatitis based on hepatitis viral markers.

192 patients of acute viral hepatitis (AVH) from three different hospitals of Madras metropolitan area during November 1985 to January 1986 were investigated for serologic markers of hepatitis A virus (anti HAVIgM) and hepatitis B virus (HBsAg, HBeAg, anti HBcIgM and anti HBs) by Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). While the overall pattern of AVH in Madras as revealed from the study showed Hepatitis A to be 36.4%, Hepatitis B 34.4% and Non-A Non-B 29.1%, the pattern differed significantly when areawise categorisation was done. The major AVH type in Government General Hospital was Hepatitis B (48.9%). While it was hepatitis A (46.9%) in Government Stanley Hospital and Non-A Non-B (40.0%) in Military Hospital. Using anti HBcIgM marker of Hepatitis B Virus and anti HAVIgM it was possible to make out that 13.5% of the cases, currently suffering from hepatitis A were either HBV carriers (8.3%) or cases convalescing from a previous Hepatitis B attack (5.3%). Various combinations of HBV markers positivity were observed and their diagnostic significance inferred.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1989

Prevalence of bancroftian filariasis & its control by single course of diethyl carbamazine in a rural area in Tamil Nadu.

The prevalence of microfilaraemia, clinical spectrum of bancroftian filariasis and vector potential were studied in Vettavalam village in North Arcot district of Tamil Nadu. The effectiveness of selective therapy with diethyl carbamazine (DEC) in controlling filariasis in rural areas was also evaluated. The prevalence of microfilaraemia (mf rate) and disease (disease rate) was found to be 11.7 and 11.09 per cent respectively. Hydrocele was the dominant clinical sign in males and lymphoedema in females. The density of the vector Culex quinquefasciatus was 25.44 females/man-hour, and the infection and infectivity rates were 18.16 and 1.09 per cent respectively. All mf carriers detected after the mass blood survey were given a single course of DEC at the dosage of 6 mg/kg of body wt/day for 12 days. Only 61.6 per cent of them took the full course of DEC treatment. DEC therapy brought down the mf rate from 11.7 to 5.84 per cent after one month. In the absence of further treatment, there was no significant change in mf prevalence after one year.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Studies on the pathogenicity of classical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli strains isolated from acute diarrhoea among children 0-5 years of age.

The mechanisms of pathogenicity in EPEC strains were studied in tissue culture. Escherichia coli was isolated as the predominant organism in the primary culture of 1293 (70.54%) diarrhoeal cases. 284 (90.44%) cases from the age group of 1-6 months showed Escherichia coli as the predominant organism. Classical Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) were detected in 311 (24.05%) cases. Among EPEC isolates 277 (89.06%) did not produce either LT or ST. 32 (10.28%) produced LT or ST. 2 strains produced verotoxins belong to serotypes 0:86; K:61, 0.26; K:60, serogroups 0.86:K61 0142:K86, 0:128:K67, 0 126: 71, 0125:K 70, 0119: k69 showed localised adherence and serogroups 0111:K58-055:K59 showed both localised and diffused adherence to HeLa cells.

Bacterial Adhesion↗
PubMed1989

Studies on the pathogenicity of classical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli strains isolated from acute diarrhoea among children 0-5 years of age.

The mechanisms of pathogenicity in EPEC strains were studied in tissue culture. Escherichia coli was isolated as the predominant organism in the primary culture of 1293 (70.54%) diarrhoeal cases. 284 (90.44%) cases from the age group of 1-6 months showed Escherichia coli as the predominant organism. Classical Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli) were detected in 311 (24.05%) cases. Among EPEC isolates 277 (89.06%) did not produce either LT or ST 32(10.28%) produced LT or ST. 2 strains produced verotoxins belong to serotypes 0:86; K:61, 0:26; K:60, sero groups 0.86 :K:61, 0.142:K 86, 0.128:K 67, 0.126:K 71, 0125:K 70 0119:K69 showed localised adherence and serogroups 0111:K58-055:K59 showed both localised and diffused adherence to HeLa cells.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

A simple deterministic model for host-parasite relationship in Wuchereria bancrofti infection & its relevance to parasite regulation in human host.

A deterministic immigration-death model, which reflects the population dynamics of W. bancrofti in human host has been applied to study the relationship between vector and human infections. Application of the model showed that the rate of acquisition and loss of human infection were approximately equal (L = 0.130 and M = 0.129). The relationship of infective resting density (IRD) in vector population with maximum intensity (Imax) of infections and microfilaria prevalence (MFP) in human population were examined by using the least squares polynomial regressions. The fifth order polynomial regressions were found to be adequate to describe the observed pattern (Imax vs IRD: R2 = 0.8464, P = 0.0015; MFP vs IRD: R2 = 0.7246, P = 0.019). The observed relationships indicated that at an infective resting density of 0.26 per man hour or above, the density-dependent factors start regulating the human infections, which showed a declining trend, following this level.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in AIDS. A case report.

We are reporting the first clinical case of AIDS from South India. The disease was diagnosed in a patient of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The source of infection was blood transfusion. After the diagnosis of this case, we undertook routine screening of all patients of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma for evidence of HIV infection. Out of a total of 20 patients of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma screened 2 other patients showed evidence of HIV infection.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗