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Biomedical subjects

S Strauss

Publications and source records attributed to S Strauss.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Benign and malignant pseudothyroiditis.

Benign and malignant lesions of the thyroid gland and its adjacent structures may present clinical, biochemical and radio-active scan features resembling subacute thyroiditis. An irregular clinical course, unexpected laboratory findings and unresponsiveness to medical treatment may indicate the true nature of the disease. Whenever a subacute or chronic thyroid inflammatory process is diagnosed, the possibility of benign or malignant lesions of the thyroid or of the surrounding organs should be kept in mind. If doubt is raised, further investigations should be carried out if indicated including exploratory surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

DBH inhibitory factors of brain tissue.

In vivo turnover of NA in the brain is considerably high, but in vitro only a low activity of the enzyme DBH is detectable. It is supposed that this effect is brought about by endogenous enzyme inhibitors. It was demonstrated that the addition of rat brain homogenate, as well as different subcellular fractions from rat brain, inhibit the human serum DBH. Inhibitory activity is resistant to heat and acid but does not seem to be uniformly distributed within the cell. Pretreatment of brain homogenate with pronase reduced its inhibitory activity. In conclusion, pronase sensitive peptides are partially responsible for the inhibitory potency of tissue homogenates.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

C3 nephritic factor and hypocomplementaemia in a clinically healthy individual.

Nephritic factor was detected in an individual whose serum showed a selective decrease in the third component of complement (C3) during and subsequent to an illness resembling disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI). As is characteristic of C3 nephritic factor (C3NeF), its activity was heat stable, was associated with IgG, and enhanced cleavage of normal human serum C3 via the alternative pathway. However, unlike previously reported cases of C3NeF detection in association with glomerulonephritis and/or lipodystrophy, this patient has had no significant disease before or more than 2 years after the apparent DGI. The significance of C3NeF in a healthy individual is unexplained, but this study suggests its occurrence may be more ubiquitous than previously suspected.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Ilio-psoas hematoma--its detection, and treatment with special reference to hemophilia.

Pain around the hip joint and femoral neuropathy in a patient with a bleeding coagulopathy should alert the physician to the possibility of an iliopsoas haematoma. Unfortunately this diagnosis is often missed. Clinically, reduced hip motion, a mass in the iliac fossa and alteration in the motor and sensory function of the femoral nerve may be noted. If the pain is on the right side, appendicitis must be excluded. Ultrasound is the diagnostic aid of choice, being more sensitive than computerized tomography or radioisotope investigations. Treatment should be gradual, gentle and protracted to avoid recurrent bleeding episodes.

Hematoma↗
PubMed1982

Sonographic demonstration of the right ascending lumbar vein.

The right ascending lumbar vein has not previously been described in the sonographic literature. This vein is an important part of the abdominal prevertebral anastomotic network and appears sonographically as an anechoic tubular structure lying dorsal and parallel to the inferior vena cava. It was detected in 14 of 20 randomly selected patients who underwent routine abdominal sonography and had a mean diameter of 2.0 mm +/- 0.8 SD. In another six patients with abnormal blood flow in the inferior vena cava, dilated lumbar veins were demonstrated.

Child↗
PubMed1982

Is there a correlation between the concentration of beta-carbolines and their pharmacodynamic effects?

Two sensitive and specific methods are presented for the determination of 6-OH-tetrahydronorharmane (6-OH-THN, 6-OH-THBC) and harmane (1-Me-BC). The concentration of 6-OH-THN in blood platelets from men was found 5.19 +/- 0.57 ng (mean +/- SEM) per 10(9) platelets, of acute schizophrenic patients 2.66 +/- 0.38 ng per 10(9) platelets, p less than 0.02, and in rats 6 - 13 ng x 10(9) platelets. The concentration of harmane in the urine of rats was measured 9.72 +/- 1.56 ng per 16 h. A load with ethanol caused an increased excretion of the beta-carboline in some rats. In pharmacological experiments substantial evidence was detected for a correlation between the (3H)-flunitrazepam displacing potency and the conflict-augmenting effects of beta-carbolines. Furthermore, a good correlation was found between the results of binding experiments and the antagonism of the beta-carbolines with respect to the activating effect of low doses of diazepam. No such correlation exists for the sedative effect.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1982

Significance of ultrasound and gallium scanning in detecting intraabdominal abscesses.

The diagnostic value of ultrasound was compared to that of gallium scan in 36 patients with clinically suspected intraabdominal abscessed. Both modalities reached an accuracy of 91.6%. The gallium scan was found to be more sensitive (93.3%) than ultrasound (86.6%), while the specificity rate of ultrasound (95.2%) was superior to that of the gallium scan (90.4%). It is suggested that, in the acutely ill patient, ultrasound should be the method of choice, whereas in the nonacute patient, either method may be used. A positive ultrasound examination and a negative gallium scan can be considered conclusive, whereas a negative ultrasound study or a positive gallium scan needs the complimentary support of the other modality in order to reach a definite conclusion.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1981

Sonography of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.

Twenty children with suspected hypertrophic pyloric stenosis were studied by sonography. The thickened pyloric muscle is seen as an anechoic mass 1.5 cm or more in diameter, with strong central echoes. Of the 16 infants with a pyloric mass of 1.5 cm or more, 15 underwent surgery and the diagnosis was confirmed. In four patients with a pylorus less than 1.5 cm, the diagnosis of pyloric stenosis was excluded and all were discharged without surgery. Real-time scanning is useful in localizing the pylorus and in demonstrating lack of passage of gastric content across the narrowed pyloric canal.

Female↗
PubMed1980

Effect of lesions of raphe nuclei on the activity of catecholaminergic and serotonergic neurones in various brain regions of the rat in vivo.

The dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), the median raphe nucleus (MRN) and the B9 cell groups were lesioned separately. Then, the concentrations of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), dopamine (DA), 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) and dopa were measured in various brain regions. The levels of the two latter compounds presumably reflect the activity of serotonergic and catecholaminergic neurones respectively under the experimental conditions. The findings suggest close functional interrelationships between the two types of neurones. Lesions of cell bodies in the DRN cause decreased activity of catecholaminergic neurones in the striatum, the brainstem, the hippocampus, and the hypothalamus. Lesions of the MRN cause increased activity of catecholaminergic mechanisms in the hypothalamus which may be explained by a functional disinhibition after destruction of the MRN. The other brain regions investigated are not affected. Lesions of the B9 cell group elicit increased activity of catecholaminergic neurones in the brainstem and hippocampus.

5-Hydroxytryptophan↗
PubMed1979

Specific PGF-2 alpha binding by the corpus luteum of the pregnant and non-pregnant mare.

The binding of prostaglandin (PG) F-2 alpha to corpora lutea (CL) from pregnant and non-pregnant Pony mares was examined. Studies of the rates of association and dissociation indicated that [3H]PGF was bound specifically and reversibly to a luteal cell membrane preparation (MP) that was isolated by high speed (100,000 g) ultracentrifugation. Various PGs and PG metabolites displaced [3H]PGF from the receptors in the following decreasing order: PGF-2 alpha greater than 13, 14-dihydro-PGF-2 alpha = 13,14-dihydro-15-keto PGF-2 alpha greater than PGD-2 greater than PGF-1 alpha = PGE-2 greater than PGE-2 beta greater than PGE-1. These data implicate the 9 alpha-OH and 5,6 cis double bond as major contributors to PGF receptor recognition. The membrane preparation appeared to contain at least two receptor populations, a high affinity, low capacity and a low affinity, high capacity receptor. The binding of PGF (pg/mg MP protein +/- s.e.m. (n)) to CL of the non-pregnant mare increased from 4.09 +/- 11.6 (4), on Day 4 after ovulation, to reach maximal levels by Day 12, 15.01 +/- 2.5 (4), and declined thereafter. In pregnancy the binding of PGF continued to increase until Day 18, reaching 27.47 +/- 1.7 (3), before it declined on Day 20. The reduction in binding by Day 16 in the non-pregnant mare may reflect the process of luteolysis, while high PGF binding capacity of CL between Days 16 and 18 of pregnancy indicated that luteal maintenance during pregnancy is not associated with a reduction of PGF binding capabilities.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Inhibition of 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake by tetrahydronorharmane in vivo.

Injection of tetrahydronorharmane (THN) elicited a dose-dependent increase of the level of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and a fall of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in the rat brain whereas noradrenaline and dopamine levels remained unchanged. The effect on indoles was shortlasting which may be explained by the short half life of THN or its metabolization to 6-OH-THN. The 5-HT depleting action of parachloro-N-methylamphetamine (CMA) was used to study uptake inhibition in vivo. The results support the notion that THN acts as an inhibitor of the reuptake of 5-HT in vivo. Further evidence for this hypothesis was obtained by intraventricular injection of radiolabelled 5-HT. The disappearance of (3H)-5-HT from brain tissue was reduced by THN. Thus, THN may exert its central 5-HT-like effects in pharmacological experiments by preventing 5-HT from being removed from the synaptic cleft.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

N-acetyltransferase activity in pineal gland of rats treated with pargyline.

After injection of 20 mg/kg of the monoamine oxidase inhibitor pargyline every other day up to 9 days, the activity of N-acetyltransferase (NAT) in the pineal gland of rats remained unchanged during the light-period. At the darkness, however, an increase above controls was observed. The latter effect was not affected by subchronic administration. The monoamine oxidase inhibitor activated not only the NAT but a second enzyme with different kinetic parameters. The drug levelled the circadian changes in the content of serotonin whereas noradrenaline and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid were hardly influenced. These findings may be explained in such a way that pargyline activates the enzyme not via beta-receptors as supposed by Deguchi and Axelrod (1972a) but by an intracellular mechanism. The increased serotonin concentration might be responsible for the additional activation of the enzyme.

Acetyltransferases↗