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Biomedical subjects

S Strauss

Publications and source records attributed to S Strauss.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Sonography of the hip joint as part of the evaluation of acute lower abdominal pain.

Ultrasound evaluation of the hip joint was performed in 17 patients as part of the sonographic investigation of lower abdominal pain with referred symptomatology to the groin and thigh. Sonographic features consistent with hip joint effusion were detected in 12 of the patients. In four patients with positive arthrosonogram the possibility of hip joint involvement was not considered by the examining physician. In 11 other cases, hip pathology was included in the differential diagnosis. Of these, hip involvement was confirmed by sonography in eight patients and excluded in three. Sonography was found to be a useful objective method for the confirmation or exclusion of hip joint effusion. The examination had a significant influence on the patient management for shifting the attention of the clinician from the abdomen to the hip joint in four of the cases in this series.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1988

Sonographic detection of occult bone fractures.

Two infants of 24 and 20 months of age with painful local swelling at the femoral and clavicular regions were investigated by ultrasound after a negative radiographic study of the adjacent bones. In both children high resolution ultrasound clearly revealed the presence of bone fractures in addition to the soft tissue hematomas. These fractures were confirmed by a repeat radiographs performed 6 and 8 days later. Although sonography is not the method of choice for the detection of bone fractures, it may be worthwhile to examine the bone contour for a fracture when a painful swelling adjacent to bone is present. The method may be particularly rewarding in children due to its rapid non-invasive nature and to the small tissue thickness that has to be penetrated.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1988

Sleep deprivation and imipramine binding sites in depressed patients and healthy subjects.

The influence of sleep deprivation on 3H imipramine binding was investigated in blood platelets of 32 depressed patients and 15 healthy subjects. The effect of sleep deprivation was not statistically different in either group. Changes of Bmax associated with sleep deprivation were compensated for by reciprocal changes of Kd in the group of patients, suggesting altered regulatory mechanisms. A comparison of binding characteristics of responders and nonresponders to sleep deprivation revealed no difference between groups. If the patients were divided by a biological criterion (number of binding sites), a prediction of clinical response to sleep deprivation was possible.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Widespread Castleman disease: CT and US findings.

The widespread form of Castleman disease is a rare condition that has been recognized only recently as a disease with an aggressive, often malignant course. The authors present computed tomographic (CT) findings in six patients with this condition and ultrasound (US) findings in four of the six. CT demonstrated splenomegaly and retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy in all six patients. In one patient, CT also showed additional widespread mesenteric and peripancreatic lymphadenopathy, a large mesenteric mass adherent to the descending colon in another, and mediastinal lymphadenopathy in a third. Three patients had peripheral axillary or inguinal lymphadenopathy. Enlarged lymph nodes were 1-4 cm in diameter, and none displayed contrast enhancement on CT scans obtained with drip infusion of contrast media. On US scans, the nodes were poorly echogenic in all four cases. In no case was focal liver or splenic infiltration seen on either CT or US scans.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[3H] UK-14,304, a new agonist ligand of alpha 2-adrenoceptors: a comparative study with human and rat tissue.

[3H] UK-14,304 was used to investigate alpha 2-adrenoceptors in rat brain and human platelets. Receptor pharmacology revealed that the ligand binds with high affinity to alpha 2-adrenoceptors. Psychoactive substances like neuroleptics, antidepressants, and beta-carbolines displace [3H] UK-14,304 from its binding sites in the lower micromolar range. A Hill number around 2 for most neuroleptics suggests a positive cooperativity with the alpha 2-adrenoceptors. Comparative studies with [3H] UK-14,304 and [3H] clonidine utilizing platelet membranes from human volunteers demonstrated that the former ligand is more suitable to investigate possible changes of alpha 2-adrenoceptors; [3H] UK-14,304 labels more receptors with a lower standard deviation, whereby the volume of the blood sample amounted to 35 ml instead of 50 ml required for [3H] clonidine as ligand. No sex differences of binding constants were detected, however an inverse correlation of maximum number of binding sites and affinity was found for female subjects with both ligands. No age-dependent changes of Bmax and KD-values were observed in the range of 24 to 59 years.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Parathyroid sonography: diagnostic accuracy related to shape, location, and texture of the gland.

The sonographic features of 51 pathological parathyroid glands detected pre-operatively were analysed. Atypical texture was found in 23.5% and variation in shape in 15.6% of the cases. Cystic parathyroid glands are difficult to differentiate from thyroid cysts, and may be the cause of false positive diagnosis, as in three cases in this series. Topographic assessment showed a relatively low sensitivity in detecting disease in the right upper gland (50%) and in the upper mediastinum (70%). The decreased accuracy in these regions is probably because of the particular anatomical location of the right upper gland and sonographic limitations in screening the mediastinal region. Awareness by the radiologist and surgeon of the variations in texture and location may influence both diagnosis and intraoperative detection of the abnormal parathyroid gland.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

Sonographic localization of hematomas in hemophilic patients with positive iliopsoas sign.

Sonography was performed on 23 hemophilic patients presenting with positive iliopsoas sign. In 21 of these patients sonography confirmed the presence of hematomas. Comparison of the presumed clinical location and the sonographic location, however, revealed a significant discrepancy. Only seven of 15 hematomas that were clinically suspected to be in the iliopsoas muscle were confirmed by sonography at that location. Of the remaining cases, three were localized in the hip joint, one in the proximal thigh, one in the abdominal wall, and one in the iliac fossa. Hemorrhage was not found in two cases. This study indicates that sonography provides valuable information about the site of hematoma in these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Down-regulation of cerebral beta-adrenoceptors induced by long term administration of antidepressants is prevented by ethanol.

Treatment with desipramine (20 mg/kg/d i.p.) for 21 days induces down-regulation of beta-adrenergic receptors and reduces receptor-mediated stimulation of the adenylate cyclase suggesting homologous desensitization. Chronic treatment with ethanol (2.5 g/kg/d and 5 g/kg/d p.o.) diminishes functionality of the signal transduction at various levels in a dose-dependent manner without changes in the number of beta-adrenergic receptors suggesting heterologous desensitization. Combined treatment prevents receptor down-regulation whereas stimulation of the receptor-coupled adenylate cyclase system remains diminished. The results are discussed with respect to possible mechanisms by which ethanol exerts the effects as disturbance of receptor-Ns protein coupling and/or inhibition of protein kinases.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗