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Biomedical subjects

S Srinivasan

Publications and source records attributed to S Srinivasan.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

The use of moxalactam in the treatment of serious infections due to multi-resistant organisms.

Moxalactam was evaluated as the sole therapy of 45 episodes of infection in 41 patients due primarily to bacteria resistant to older antibiotics. Infections included bacteremias, pulmonary, skin and soft tissue infections, osteomyelitis, and meningitis. Clinical and bacteriological cure was achieved in 69% of infections. Cure was achieved with moxalactam in patients infected with cefazolin-resistant, carbenicillin-resistant, chloramphenicol and gentamicin-resistant organisms. Although adverse reactions were generally mild, diarrhea developed in five patients, a major increase in prothrombin time and bleeding in three patients and a disulfiram reaction in two patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinico-bacteriological study of neonatal conjunctivitis.

Perinatal risk factors and bacteriological profile of conjunctivitis were studied among 245 newborns delivered at JIPMER Hospital between July 1986 and June 1988. Maternal and neonatal factors like lack of antenatal care, presence of adverse intrapartum factors, operative deliveries, birth asphyxia, pre-maturity and prolonged hospital stay significantly increased the chances of developing conjunctivitis (P less than 0.001). Bacteria were recovered from 163 (66.5%) cases. Staphylococcus was the commonest pathogenic bacteria isolated, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Neisseria gonorrhoeae was isolated in only one case. Most of the organisms showed in vitro sensitivity to chloramphenicol, gentamycin and tetracycline. All the cases responded to topical chloramphenicol except three which required systemic antibiotics. No complications were observed. The identification and appropriate management of high risk pregnancies with minimal hospital stay can reduce the incidence of neonatal conjunctivitis.

Conjunctivitis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare condition in children associated with immunodeficiency, life threatening infections and malignancy. Infection associated hemophagocytosis responds well to appropriate antimicrobioal therapy and rarely to steroids when the infective agent is suspected to be of viral origin.

Histiocytosis, Non-Langerhans-Cell↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Neonatal septicaemia among inborn and outborn babies in a referral hospital.

Neonatal sepsis was studied among one hundred neonates (50 hospital born and 50 outborn babies) over one year period. The incidence of neonatal septicaemia was 15.5 per 1000 live births in the hospital. Among outborn babies it accounted for 6.1% of total pediatric admissions and 43.7% of sick neonates referred from outside. Low birth weight and prematurity were important predisposing factors in both the groups. Blood culture was positive among 32% of outborn and 34% of inborn babies. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, Klebsiella and Acinetobacter were the common causative organisms. All isolated organisms were sensitive to Gentamicin whereas 75% of them were resistant to Ampicillin. Mortality among outborn neonates (32%) was much higher in comparison to (10%) hospital born babies. Early identification of high risk antenatal cases and neonates and appropriate referral can bring down mortality and morbidity from neonatal sepsis.

Hospitalization↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Perinatal risk factors in neonatal infections.

Perinatal risk factors were studied among 50 cases of neonatal septicemia and 200 matched normal neonates during one year period. The consanguinity among parents, birth order and sex of the baby did not increase the risk for developing septicemia. There was significant increase in the risk for septicemia when the duration of labour was more than 24 hours (P less than 0.01), time interval between rupture of membrane and delivery of baby was more than 12 hours (P less than 0.001), liquor was meconium stained or foul smelling (P less than 0.001) and delivery was operative (P less than 0.01). The neonatal factors identified with risk for septicemia were preterm delivery (P less than 0.01), low birth weight (P less than 0.01), birth asphyxia (P less than 0.001) assisted ventilation (P less than 0.001) and intravenous alimentation (P less than 0.02). Identification of high risk pregnancies and appropriate management can minimize many of the above risk factors which in turn will reduce the occurrence of neonatal sepsis.

Birth Order↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Unnecessary injections and paralytic poliomyelitis in India.

The effect of prior injections on the pattern and severity of paralytic poliomyelitis has been examined by a retrospective analysis of case notes from an outpatient pediatric clinic in South India. Of 262 children with acute polio, 176 had received unnecessary injections < 48 h before paralysis and 12 had received diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus or provocative injections. Two children injected in the right arm had paralysis in that limb only. Children with no injections (controls) had an equal chance of paralysis (0.73) in each left and right leg. Children with injections in the right or left gluteus or in both had a 19% greater chance of paralysis in the injected leg(s), whereas uninjected legs had a 31% lower chance of paralysis. Injected leg muscles were weaker than those of control children. Legs of control children were stronger than those with one leg injected and much stronger than those with both injected. More than 96% of the children had at least one leg paralysed. Age and vaccine status did not affect the results of injections. After injections there was greater likelihood of death or lack of recovery of muscle strength. About three-quarters of the children had received unnecessary injections; of these 60% had more severe paralysis and a non-paralytic attack became paralytic in 40%. If oral medicines for fevers and diarrhoea replaced unnecessary injections, the prevalence and severity of paralytic polio would be reduced.

Arm↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effects of digitization on the elastographic signal-to-noise ratio.

In elastography, the tissue under investigation is compressed and the resulting strain is estimated from the gradient of the displacement (time-delay) estimates. The displacements are typically estimated by cross-correlating the radiofrequency (RF) ultrasound signals of the pre- and postcompressed tissue. One of the parameters used to quantify the resulting quality of the elastogram is the elastographic signal-to-noise ratio (SNR(e)). For a uniformly elastic target (a single elastic modulus), the dependence of the SNR(e) on the applied strain has a bandpass characteristic that has been termed the strain filter. Theoretical expressions for the upper bound on the strain filter were developed earlier. Yet, simulated as well as experimental strain filters derived from uniformly elastic phantoms deviate from these upper bounds. The failure to achieve the upper bounds could be partially attributed to the fact that, in both simulations and experiments, the RF signals used to compute the TDEs are sampled and quantized. Using simulated models of uniformly elastic phantoms, a study of the dependence of the strain filter on the quantization and sampling rates was performed. The results indicated that the strain filter improves with both the sampling rate and the quantization, as expected. A theoretical analysis was done to incorporate quantization as a derating factor to the strain filter.

Elasticity↗