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Biomedical subjects

S Spreat

Publications and source records attributed to S Spreat.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1989

Obsessive-compulsive disorder in mentally retarded patients.

Of 283 mildly to profoundly retarded patients, 10 (3.5%) presented with compulsive behavior that significantly interfered with their daily functioning. Compulsions occurred in the context of obvious cerebral dysfunction and in the absence of anxiety or "ego-dystonic" qualities. The interrater reliability of the differential diagnosis between compulsions, stereotypies, and other repetitive behaviors was good (kappa = .82). A severity rating scale for the compulsive behavior yielded total scores with good interrater reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = .82). Single items that described observable behaviors had good reliability, while inner resistance and subjective distress were not reliably assessed and contributed little to the total score. The authors suggest that the DSM-III-R diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder be considered in mentally retarded patients, despite the absence of recognizable ego dystonic characteristics. Emphasis should be on the behavioral, externally observable components of the disorder, rather than on inner conflicts and anxiety. Such a diagnostic approach may also benefit nonretarded compulsive patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Role of Human Rights Committees in the review of restrictive/aversive behavior modification procedures: a national survey.

Public residential facilities were surveyed regarding the roles played by their Human Rights Committees in the review of restrictive/aversive behavior modification procedures. Almost 98% of the responding facilities reported that they had an active Human Rights Committee, with the largest plurality of members being staff members from the facility. Review of restrictive/aversive procedures was a role for over 95% of the committees, even though most committees appeared to lack great degrees of expertise in the clinical use of behavior modification. Other areas of review were discussed.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1986

Safety indices associated with the use of contingent restraint procedures.

The safety of four general classes of contingent restraint was evaluated in a sample of 231 institutionalized mentally retarded persons. The use of mechanical restraints resulted in a significantly lower injury rate than did personal restraint. The use of restraint in emergency situations was found to be more dangerous than the planned use of such procedures.

Accident Prevention↗
PubMed1983

A canonical correlation between adaptive and maladaptive aspects of adaptive behavior.

The relationship between the adaptive and the maladaptive aspects of the construct of adaptive behavior was examined by means of a canonical correlation between Part One and Part Two of the AAMD Adaptive Behavior Scale (ABS). The sample consisted of 439 institutionalized mentally retarded persons. Four significant canonical correlations (.68, .49, .39, .28) were derived, three of which were interpretable. The redundancy index was 30 percent with Part One as the criterion and 14 percent with Part Two as the criterion. A redundancy of about 30 percent was calculated. An analysis of the pattern of canonical components suggested that the three major dimensions responsible for the overlap between ABS Parts One and Two are intellectual ability, sociability, and physical ability. An attempt to cross validate these results was made using another sample of 157 mentally retarded persons. Considerable shrinkage was observed on three of the roots.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1979

Informant scoring errors on the Adaptive Behavior Scale.

Adaptive Behavior Scale Booklets (N = 284) completed by institutional direct-care personnel were examined for scoring errors. An average of over 2 errors per booklet was calculated, with the most prevalent errors involving simple addition or failure to subtract when directed. It was suggested that the format of the Adaptive Behavior Scale fosters errors of underestimation. Possible solutions to this problem were discussed.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed1977

Behavioral effects of interinstitutional relocation of mentally retarded residents.

Deinstitutionalization requires relocation of mentally residents. An exploratory investigation was conducted of the impact of interinstitutional relocation. The subjects were residents transferred from a large institution to a smaller facility and a matched comparison group from the latter facility. The 92 male and female subjects ranged from 10 to 42 years of age. The Adaptive Behavior Scale was administered prior to relocation, immediately following relocation, and 6 to 8 weeks following relocation. Higher functioning residents showed a pattern of lowered functioning and withdrawal following relocation. Relative to the comparison group, they were more withdrawn and suffered setbacks in language development. In contrast, lower functioning residents generally increased activity levels of both adaptive and acting-out behavior. The necessity for risk/benefit analysis preceding decisions to relocate residents was discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lithium carbonate for aggression in mentally retarded persons.

These are the results of a retrospective study in which we reviewed the charts of 38 consecutive aggressive mentally retarded persons who were treated with lithium carbonate. All subjects were residents of a university operated program that serves mentally retarded persons with behavioral disorders. Over 63% of these subjects evidenced a greater than 30% reduction in the frequency of aggressiveness subsequent to the start of lithium therapy. Subjects with higher serum lithium levels had a more favorable response to lithium, along with those exhibiting higher levels of hyperactivity and violence before treatment.

Adult↗