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Biomedical subjects

S Spector

Publications and source records attributed to S Spector.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Placental theophylline transfer in pregnant asthmatics.

The newborn's potential for xanthine toxic reactions from placental transfer of theophylline or caffeine conversion from theophylline was studied in 12 newborns of asthmatic mothers. Our results showed that maternal and cord theophylline levels were not notably different, yet heelstick levels tended to be higher than maternal levels. Newborn heelstick theophylline levels ranged from 2.3 to 19.6 microgram/mL with a mean of 10.5 microgram/mL. No caffeine conversion from theophylline was seen. Heart rate, Apgar scoring, and other parameters were not statistically different in babies whose mothers received theophylline compared with mildly asthmatic mothers not receiving theophylline and nonasthmatic mothers. Side effects in three babies with levels of theophylline greater than 10 microgram/mL were tachycardia and transient jitteriness. Newborns seem to tolerate theophylline levels corresponding to maternal levels without serious adversity; however, transient toxicity might occur with levels in the so-called therapeutic range.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Opioid polypeptides in guinea pig pancreas.

Extracts from guinea pig pancreas were found to contain high molecular weight enkephalin-containing polypeptides as well as free [Met]enkephalin and [Leu]enkephalin and the hexa-, hepta-, and octapeptides derived from proenkephalin. Within the limits of sensitivity of our assay (10 fmol/g of tissue), beta-endorphin and beta-lipotropin were undetectable.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1982

Disposition of drugs in man by radioimmunoassay.

The disposition of morphine and clonidine was investigated by means of radioimmunoassay. After the administration of a single i.v. dose of morphine (10 mg/70 kg) to 10 men who had not received other drugs for two weeks preceding the study, a multiphasic decline in serum concentrations of morphine occurred. Detectable blood concentrations of morphine, or a metabolite, or of both, persisted for up to 96 hours after a single i.v. dose. The radioimmunoassay for clonidine is capable of detecting as little as 10 pg of clonidine. The antibody fails to bind 2,6-dichlorophenylguanidine, a known metabolite of clonidine, while the other metabolite, 4-hydroxyclonidine, was as potent as clonidine in displacing labeled clonidine from the antibody. The disposition of clonidine ion plasma and tissues could be monitored by radioimmunoassay.

Binding Sites↗
PubMed1981

Studies on the hypotensive response to atropine in hypertensive rats.

The hypotensive effect of atropine sulfate was evaluated in conscious, unanesthetized hypertensive rats (spontaneously hypertensive rats and Sprague-Dawley rats made hypertensive by s.c. implantation of deoxycorticosterone acetate, tablets) and their respective normotensive controls. In all animals, atropine (5-50 mg/kg i.v.) caused an immediate and dose-dependent decrease in blood pressure. However, the hypotensive response was of greater magnitude and of longer duration in the hypertensive rats. Pretreatment of the animals with phentolamine prevented the hypotension by atropine. Plasma concentrations of atropine were determined by radioimmunoassay and were identical in both hypertensive and normotensive rats. Atropine blocked the pressor responses to norepinephrine and shifted the dose-response curve for norepinephrine to the right to a similar extent in spontaneously hypertensive and Wistar-Kyoto rats. Thus, atropine acts as a competitive antagonist of norepinephrine and this action underlies its hypotensive effect. The greater responsiveness of hypertensive rats is not due to a difference in pharmacokinetic handling of atropine nor to a greater degree of blockade of the norepinephrine pressor response in vivo, but may result from the altered sympathetic tone in the hypertensive rats. Atropine may, in addition to its action on alpha adrenergic receptors, affect other systems such as calcium handling. It is speculated that an effect on this system may contribute to the longer duration of response seen in hypertensive rats.

Adrenal Medulla↗
PubMed1981

A new radioimmunoassay for haloperidol: direct measurement of serum and striatal concentrations.

A sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay for haloperidol has been developed. Antibodies were elicited in rabbits immunized with haloperidol hemisuccinate coupled to bovine serum albumin. Optimum sensitivity was obtained with a 1:4000 dilution of the antisera, permitting the detection of as little as 2.6 ng/ml of haloperidol. Major metabolites of haloperidol did not cross-react in the assay. The method does not require an extraction procedure and can be performed using as little as a 5-microliter sample. Haloperidol levels in rat serum and striatum were determined with this method, after the i.v. administration of different dosages of the drug. The distribution and elimination of haloperidol was linear over the dose range to have an elimination half-life of approximately 2.6 hr at all three dosage levels.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Influence of clonidine on experimental hypertension induced by cholinergic stimulation.

Hypertension may be induced by pharmacologic activation of central cholinergic receptors either indirectly, through the injection i.v. of physostigmine, or directly, through the injection of i.v. of arecholine in anesthetized rats. Activation of peripheral preganglionic cholinergic receptors with dimethylphenylpiperazinium iodide (DMPP) also produced a hypertensive response. Pretreatment with various doses of clonidine caused inhibition of the pressor response to central cholinergic stimulation but was without effect on the response to ganglionic cholinergic stimulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Pharmacokinetics of d-tubocurarine in man: effect of an osmotic diuretic on urinary excretion.

The pharmacokinetics of d-tubocurarine (dTc) and the urinary excretion of dTc were studied in 18 neurosurgical patients with normal renal function, over a period of 96 hours. The effects of an osmotic diuretic (mannitol) on urinary elimination of dTc were determined. Following a single intravenous dose of d-tubocurarine (dTc, 0.3 mg/kg), serum levels and urinary excretion of the drug were measured. A specific radioimmunoassay was used for the analysis of dTc. Nine of the patients also received mannitol, 1 g/kg, after the injection of dTc for surgical indications. The study showed that only 45 per cent of the injected dose of dTc was excreted in 24 hours. Between 24 and 96 hours, an additional 7 per cent of the drug was excreted in the urine. The administration of mannitol, an osmotic diuretic, did not increase the excretion of dTc. The time-concentration relationship of serum concentration of dTc was analyzed. Using the four-exponential equation (data to 96 hours), the calculated volume of distribution (Vdarea) was 3.4 1/kg. This volume, which is greater than the volume of total body water, suggests that dTc is stored in certain tissues in the body and slowly released over a period of days to weeks.

Half-Life↗