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Biomedical subjects

S Solomon

Publications and source records attributed to S Solomon.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Gradual loss and recovery of vision in temporal arteritis.

Visual loss in temporal arteritis is usually sudden and irreversible. In this article, we describe a patient who complained of slowly progressive visual loss in one eye, eventually followed by loss of vision in the other eye and ophthalmoparesis. A biopsy specimen confirmed the diagnosis of temporal arteritis. Steroid therapy resulted in almost total recovery of vision. The gradual loss and recovery of vision is attributed to reversible ischemia of the optic nerve. This case broadens the spectrum of temporal arteritis to include complaints of progressive visual loss over several months.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Origin of bombesin-like peptides in human fetal lung.

Four different forms of bombesin-like immunoreactive peaks were detected in extracts of human fetal lung by the use of reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Peaks I, II, III and IV, (increasing retention time), were eluted using a 14-38% of acetonitrile gradient containing 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA). Peak II was the major material found in the extract of human fetal lung obtained at 16-20 weeks gestation. None of the four compounds contained in the eluted peaks had the same retention time as amphibian bombesin or porcine gastrin releasing peptide (GRP). On reversed-phase HPLC using two different solvent systems TFA or heptafluorobutyric acid (HFBA) as a hydrophobic counter ion, and in gel filtration chromatography, the chromatographic behavior of the main peak (peak II) was the same as that of the carboxyl terminal fragments of GRP, GRP18-27 or GRP19-27. This suggested that the peptide(s) in peak II resembled in composition the carboxy terminal 9 or 10 amino acids of porcine GRP. Following tryptic digestion the material in peak IV was converted to the more polar compound present in peak II. Two other peptide peaks were eluted close to peak II and these were presumed to be a modification of this main peak. One of the possible biosynthetic steps in the formation of bombesin-like peptides in human fetal lung could be a tryptic conversion of a less polar peptide to a more polar form (peak IV to II).

Bombesin↗
PubMed1984

Modulation of T- and B-lymphocyte functions by isoprinosine in homosexual subjects with prodromata and in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).

Male prodromal homosexuals and patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) exhibited similar immunological abnormalities but by different degrees. A reduction in the number of circulating T lymphocytes bearing the T-4 surface marker led to an altered ratio of Th to Ts subpopulations in both groups of subjects. Total numbers of suppressor cells (Ts) remained virtually similar in both study groups to that of the control subjects. Proliferative responses to T-cell mitogen (PHA) and T cell-dependent B-cell mitogen (PWM) were severely impaired in prodromal subjects and more so in the AIDS group. The response to PWM was unrelated to the total number of suppressor T cells but was associated with a significant decrease in helper T-cell number. The impaired lymphocyte functions of immunosuppressed subjects were potentiated by coincubation with isoprinosine in a selective fashion. While the percentage of upward modulation among homosexuals with normal lymphocyte functions was comparable to that obtained in control subjects, a higher degree of augmentation was achieved in AIDS patients and in prodromal subjects with impaired blastogenic responses. In none of the AIDS patients with severe immunodeficiencies, however, was the lymphocyte functions restored to the normal range established in the heterosexual controls. These results suggest the feasibility of eventual prophylactic utilization of isoprinosine in male homosexuals at high risk of developing AIDS.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1984

Hormone receptors in the epiphysial cartilage.

In order to assess which hormones may exert direct effects on skeletal growth at the epiphysial growth plate, the specific binding of hormones to the epiphysial cartilage of growing dogs and rabbits was studied. Membrane fractions obtained by centrifugation of homogenates prepared from dog and rabbit growth plate cartilage at 600, 15 000 and 105 000 g showed significant specific binding of serum insulin-like activity and insulin. Binding of growth hormone and prolactin by the three membrane fractions was negligible. Saturable binding sites for triiodothyronine could be demonstrated in nuclei from the dog growth plate. Nuclear binding showed an apparent Kd of 11 +/- 3.6 nmol/l and a maximum binding capacity of 4.1 +/- 1.6 pmol/mg DNA, a level comparable to dog liver. Using a viable chondrocyte suspension prepared from dog epiphysial cartilage, specific steroid binding in the cells could be demonstrated for [3H]dexamethasone but not 17 alpha-methyltrienolone, oestradiol-17 beta or 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol. Scatchard analysis of dexamethasone binding showed high affinity binding sites having a Kd of 1.2 +/- 0.35 nmol/l and a capacity of 1700 sites/cell, and a low affinity binding with a Kd of 109 +/- 57 nmol/l and a capacity of 24 000 sites/cell. Steroid competition for the specific binding showed the following sequence of affinity: dexamethasone greater than corticosterone greater than 11-deoxycortisol greater than testosterone greater than oestradiol-17 beta.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Natural killer cell function and modulation by alpha IFN and IL2 in AIDS patients and prodromal subjects.

We have examined the primary immune response, the numbers of the total T (T-11+) cells, T-helper (T4+) cells, T-suppressor (T8+) cells, NK cells (Leu7+) and the level of serum IgG in 83 healthy male heterosexuals and compared the data to those obtained from 12 clinically diagnosed AIDS patients and 92 asymptomatic male homosexuals. The absolute number of total T (T11) and T helper (T4) cell populations were significantly reduced among most of the asymptomatic homosexual males and even more decreased in the AIDS patients. In contrast, the absolute numbers of T suppressor cells (T8) remained virtually unaltered in the 3 study populations. The absolute numbers of circulating killer cells were similar in the controls and the homosexual subjects but significantly reduced in the AIDS patients. Furthermore, all 12 AIDS patients exhibited a significantly depressed NK cell activity which in most cases correlated with the reduced absolute number of NK (Leu7+) cells as well as T helper cells (T4) and T4/T8 ratios. The NK-cell activity in clinically diagnosed AIDS patients could not be normalized by addition of alpha IFN or IL2. Three distinctive subgroups with normal (N-NK), significantly heightened (H-NK) and markedly lowered (L-NK) NK activity could be readily identified among the apparently well homosexual male population. The subgroups responded to alpha IFN and IL2 in an apparently independent fashion. The N-NK and L-NK groups displayed a marginal to no response to in vitro treatment with alpha IFN and IL2. However, the NK cell activity in the H-NK group was moderately to strongly inhibited by inclusion of the 2 immunomodifiers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1984

Transfer RNA breakdown products in the urine of asbestos workers.

Patients with malignant mesothelioma, a neoplasia strongly associated with previous asbestos exposure, excrete in the urine high levels of modified purines, pyrimidines, and their ribosides, breakdown products of transfer RNA. The urinary excretion levels of modified nucleosides were measured in 47 male insulation workers with long term exposure to asbestos and, therefore, at high neoplastic risk. The nucleoside levels of 44 male control subjects were used for comparison. Asbestos-related radiographic changes were found in 70% of the exposed individuals. An increasing severity of radiographic alterations was associated with a greater frequency of elevated nucleoside clusters, especially in m'A, m'I, m'G, and m2(2)G. Duration since onset of exposure was directly related to pseudouridine, m'I, and m2(2)G. Though cigarette smoking contributes to the development of asbestos-related lung cancer, data are presented that support the hypothesis that asbestos exposure is the more important factor related to the elevated values of nucleosides. It was concluded, therefore, that measuring nucleoside levels in populations at high risk of developing certain kinds of cancer may provide a useful diagnostic tool for detecting "preclinical" biochemical changes that may be predictive of future neoplastic manifestations.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Changes in renal glutamate content during development.

The amount of glutamate per microgram protein was measured in renal mitochondria and homogenates as a function of age of rats. Glutamate was higher in the youngest (5-day-old) animals examined, it decreased gradually until about 30 days of age and reached mature levels in animals older than 40 days. The decrease in mitochondrial glutamate content was greater than the decrease in cortical homogenates. Chronic acidosis led to lower levels of glutamate in mature animals, particularly in mitochondria, but produced no effect in either mitochondria or homogenates obtained from kidneys of pups. These observations provide a basis for the hypothesis that high glutamate concentrations in the kidneys of neonatal animals can inhibit mitochondrial glutaminase and thereby limit ammoniagenesis in the postnatal period.

Acidosis, Renal Tubular↗