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Biomedical subjects

S Soimakallio

Publications and source records attributed to S Soimakallio.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Correlation of angiographically determined reduction of vascular lumen with lower-limb systolic pressures.

Angiographically determined reduction of vascular lumen was correlated with lower-limb systolic pressure ratios in a series of 62 patients with intermittent claudication or suspected aneurysmal or vasospastic disease of the lower limbs. Statistically highly significant, though not particularly close, correlations were observed between the angiographic findings and the thigh-arm, calf-arm and ankle-arm pressure ratios (r = -0.732, -0.711 and -0.731, respectively). A mathematical model of the type employed in this study seems to be useful for correlating angiographic findings with systolic pressures in the lower limbs.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Visual detection and physical characteristics of roentgenographic systems. Investigations on chest imaging chains.

The relationship between physical characteristics (physical resolution, large object contrast and radiographic mottle) and visual detection parameters was evaluated in a water phantom. To measure visual observer performance a minified Snellen E-plate made of gold (three contrast zones) and a high contrast lead bar test pattern were investigated. A trial to test four types of equipment chains for chest radiography was further done with the E-plate technique by simulating a clinical radiography with an Alderson thorax phantom. The observer performance of the high contrast lead bar test pattern showed a good linear correlation to the physical parameters. However, none of the physical system-related parameters fully predicted the visual detectability when the equipment chains were investigated with the E-plate technique. In Alderson phantom studies the rare-earth screens and the air gap technique considerably reduced the radiation dose compared with that of the ordinary grid technique chest radiography, without impairing visual detectability significantly. The RP- and spotfilm techniques showed relatively poor properties of visual detectability.

Models, Structural↗
PubMed1984

An evaluation of different imaging chains in clinical chest radiography.

Six imaging techniques in clinical chest radiography have been evaluated: four film-screen combinations in the conventional grid technique and two combinations in the air gap technique. Five parameters characterising the quality of a chest radiograph were evaluated by three radiologists and one chest physician by using a nominal grading scale from -2 to +2 compared with the standard technique. The quality parameters judged were: the visibility of peripheral lung vessels, lung parenchyme, the pulmonary hilum, and lung structure behind the heart shadow, as well as the visibility of miscellaneous findings of clinical interest. The air gap technique was shown to be superior to the ordinary grid technique. The diagnostic quality of chest radiography does not necessarily deteriorate with the screen speed. However, statistically significant differences were noticed, even between techniques which had equal speed and physical resolution.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Comparison of iohexol and metrizamide in dynamic CT of the upper abdomen.

Contrast enhancement (CE) of the aorta, liver and spleen obtained with non-ionic monomer of contrast media (CM) iohexol and metrizamide, was studied by dynamic computerized tomography in 18 and 14 patients, respectively. Six scans per minute were performed during 2 minutes and then single scans were taken at 3, 4 and 5 minutes after intravenous bolus doses of 18.5 g iodine. The mean CE and the pattern of washout with these two CM were similar in spite of their different molecular structure and physiochemical properties.

Aortography↗
PubMed1984

Dynamic topography of the contrast enhancement of the spleen.

Topographic variations of the contrast enhancement (CE) with time were studied in 74 dynamic CT scans of the spleen. After an 8-10 second bolus of urographic contrast medium containing 18.5 g. iodine, six scans per minute were done through the same section for two minutes, and single scan at 3, 4 and 5 minutes with a scanning time of 5.5 seconds. Early inhomogeneous CE of the normal spleen appearing 0-20 seconds after the peak CE of the aorta was found in 38 of 70 patients due to inhomogeneous parenchymal opacification (capillary phase) (19), delayed opacification of intrasplenic veins (8) or both (10) or due to other causes (1). Inhomogeneous CE in normal structures disappeared after 40 seconds from the aortic peak CE had elapsed, while all four pathological focal splenic lesions of different histology appeared as low density areas in postcontrast scans up to four minutes.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Sciatic pain from an aneurysm of the internal iliac artery.

A 66-year-old man suffered from sciatic pain in the right leg for many years. As a result he was operated upon 4 years ago but without obtaining permanent help. In spite of the operation and angiography the correct diagnosis was made by means of rectal palpation and computerized tomography. The diagnosis was confirmed by further angiography. The cause of the sciatic pain was a large aneurysm of the internal iliac artery which was subsequently operated upon. Proximal ligation of the internal iliac artery was performed and the pain disappeared completely post operatively.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Tumor-host cell interactions in rats bearing Shay chloroma--ultrastructural observations in animals receiving specific and nonspecific cancer immunotherapy.

Tumors of the rats bearing Shay chloroma treated with specific (polymerised tumor particles) and nonspecific (PPD tuberculin) cancer immunotherapy were assessed on electron microscopy with special emphasis on the interactions between the host's effector cells and the tumor targets. Attempt was made to cast light on the differences previously found in the effects of these two immunotherapy models on this particular tumor. Lymphocytes were found apposited to the tumor cells in all animals, but the nature of this contact varied from intimate in series B and C (animals receiving PPD) to extremely loose in series A (specific mode of therapy instituted). The same was true with the cells of the MPS (mononuclear phagocyte system), which sometimes seemed to wrap the tumor cells by their slender cytoplasmic processes. A prominent hypertrophy and orientation of the Golgi complex of a small lymphocyte, recently shown to be characteristic of cytolytic T-cells in vitro, was visualized in one case of series C. The observations were interpreted to lend support to the idea that blocking activity due to the polymerised strong tumor antigens could be responsible for the adverse effects of the active specific cancer immunotherapy in this particular system.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

The use of polymerised autologous tumor tissue particles for experimental cancer immunotherapy in rats bearing Shay chloroma.

The effects of the specific active cancer immunotherapy utilizing autologous tumor tissue particles polymerise with ethylchlorformiate, and used in combination with PPD tuberculin, were studied on the growth of chloroma in an inbred strain of Wistar rats. As control animals, rats not immunised, or immunised with autologous muscle tissue polymer + PPD, or PPD alone, were studied. A clear-cut enhancement of tumor growth was observed in the group of animals receiving the tumor polymer, as evidenced by the largest tumors, the lowest incidence of tumor rejection and the lack of histological signs of host response against the growing chloroma. Immunisation with the PPD tuberculin, on the other hand, favorably influenced the host's immune system thus contributing to the tumor rejection and the development of pronounced host response in a high percentage of cases. The results were discussed in the light of favorable experiences gained with this mode of cancer immunotherapy in a number of clinical trials, as well as in a previous experimental DBA/2 mouse mastocytoma model. This apparent controversy between the previously obtained and the present results was interpreted to be caused by the different antigenic properties of the tumors used in these studies. The importance of the selection of an appropriate model system was emphasized, when it was attempted to obtain data relevant to human tumors for experimental cancer immunotherapy systems.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1981

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) secreting tumour of the pancreas.

A 51-year-old woman with a history of several years' watery diarrhoea caused by a vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) secreting tumour of the pancreas (VIPoma) is presented. Measured stool outputs ranged from 1000 to 2600 ml/24 h. S-K 2.5 mmol/I. The pancreatic VIPoma was localised by abdominal angiography and removed. The plasma concentration of vasoactive intestinal peptide was 80 pmol/l before and 5 pmol/I after the operation (normal under 30 pmol/I). The patient has been symptom-free for 15 months since surgery.

Adenoma, Islet Cell↗
PubMed1981

Arterial embolisation in the treatment of malignant tumours.

Arterial embolisation is performed in order to interfere with the blood supply and growth of tumours and also to palliate the pain produced by them. In the present study 5 patients with liver metastases, 6 patients with renal tumours and 1 patient with bleeding from the rectum were treated by arterial embolisation with gelatin (Gelfoam). Before embolisation angiography was performed in all and computerized tomography in some of the patients. The control examinations and repetitive procedures were performed 2-4 weeks afterwards and there after according to the response. The effectiveness of the embolisation was assessed by angiography as good in 70% of the cases. Out of 5 patients examined with CT in 4 the tumour was found to have become smaller. The procedure eliminated pain caused by the enlarged liver in all 5 patients, stopped the rectal bleeding, and the subjective condition of all patients improved. Pain produced by the postembolisation syndrome occurred in all cases, but repeated embolisations did not result in further pain. Serious complications did not occur.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1980

111In-bleomycin imaging of breast tumours.

Forty female patients with 15 malignant breast tumours and 25 benign growths, all verified histologically, were studied before surgery using mammography and 111In-Bleomycin scintigraphy. The patient was studied lying prone on a table with an opening so that one breast could hang in front of the gamma camera. The true positive and negative scintigraphy results are slightly poorer (70%) than the mammography results (80%) and there are more false negative scintigraphy interpretations mostly in small lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Experimental cancer immunotherapy in DBA/2 mouse-mastocytoma model utilizing autologous tumor tissue polymerised with ethylchlorformiate.

The effects of the specific active cancer immunotherapy utilizing autologous tumor tissue particles polymerised with ethylchlorformiate, and used in combination with PPD tuberculin, were studied with respect to the growth of mastocytoma (P-815 X 2) in DBA/2 mice. As a control material, animals not immunised or immunised only with the nonspecific reticuloendothelial system stimulator, PPD tuberculin, were used. The frequency of the tumor metastases in the organs surveyed (lymph nodes, spleen, liver, kidney, lung and thymus) was lowest in mice having received the specific immunotherapy regimen. Similarly, the signs of tumor rejection by the host (tumor-associated fibrous scar, lymphocyte and plasma cell infiltration, and disappearance of the tumor tissue totally or subtotally) were found to be most pronounced in this series of mice. The findings were discussed against the background of the successful clinical trials made with this mode of specific cancer immunotherapy during the recent few years in patients whose neoplasia had escaped the reach of conventional cancer therapy. The findings were also discussed in the light of the mechanisms involved in cancer immunity in general, and a conclusion was drawn that this kind of specific active cancer immunotherapy seems to exert beneficial effects on the host's immune system, and thus seems to contribute to tumor rejection by the host.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Immunological reactivity in the lymph nodes of the host following experimental cancer immunotherapy utilizing polymerized autologous tumor tissue particles.

The effects of the specific active cancer immunotherapy utilizing autologous tumor tissue particles polymerized with ethylchlorformiate on the immune system of the host were evaluated in DBA/2 mice bearing a malignant mast cell tumor, mastocytoma (P-815 X 2), with the special emphasis placed on the morphologic changes in the lymph nodes. In assessing the lymph node morphology in relation to the immunologically reactive lymphocyte populations (T- and B-cells), the standardized reporting system was employed, and the post-capillary venule score (PCV-S), shown to be related to the T-cell activity, was calculated for each lymph node. The specific cancer immunotherapy instituted along with the PPD tuberculin as adjuvant was capable of reverting to a considerable degree the profound depletion of the T-cell population in the paracortex of the lymph nodes, as well as exerting a stimulatory influence on the B-cells responsible for antibody synthesis in the cortex and medulla of the nodes. The results were interpreted to favor the view that the favorable influence on the tumor rejection previously shown to be exerted by the specific immunotherapy technique studied, most probably is attributable to the observed stimulatory effects of it on the lymphocyte populations involved in cell-mediated and humoral immune responses. The appropriate cooperation of both T- and B-lymphocytes is most probably needed to ensure the most effective host response against the tumor cells in this system.

Animals↗